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NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 > Inguinal Region > Flashcards

Inguinal Region Flashcards

1
Q

the “groin” or inguinal region extends between the ____ and the ____

A

ASIS -> pubic tubercle

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2
Q

the aponeurosis of external oblique forms…

A
  • inguinal ligament
  • lacunar ligament
  • superficial inguinal ring
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3
Q

what forms the inguinal ligament?

A

inferior border of aponeurosis of external oblique from ASIS to pubic tubercle

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4
Q

what forms the lacunar ligament?

A

deeper fibers of the inguinal ligament that pass posteriorly attaching to the superior pubic ramus

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5
Q

what forms the superficial inguinal ring?

A

opening in aponeurosis of external oblique created by:
- lat crus attachment to pubic tubercle
- med crus attachment to pubic crest
- intercrural fibers connect the 2

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6
Q

describe the orientation of the inguinal canal

A
  • ~4cm long
  • obliquely oriented, tubular passage
  • parallels inguinal lig
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7
Q

what forms the entrance to the inguinal canal?

A

deep inguinal ring

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8
Q

what forms the deep inguinal ring?

A

evagination in transversalis fascia, lateral to inf epigastric a

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9
Q

what forms the exit of the inguinal canal?

A

superficial inguinal ring

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10
Q

where is the superficial inguinal ring located?

A

opens inferomedially in lower part of anterior abdominal wall, superolateral to pubic tubercle

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11
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of external oblique

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12
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

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13
Q

what forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A
  • arching fibers of aponeurosis of internal oblique + TVA
  • medially: medial crus of aponeurosis of external oblique
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14
Q

what forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

iliopubic tract
inguinal ligament
lacunar ligament

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15
Q

the inguinal canal is a passageway for what 3 structures?

A

ilioinguinal n
spermatic cord (males)
round lig of uterus (females)

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16
Q

where do the testes and ovaries develop within the abdominal wall?

A

superior lumbar region of posterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

what is the gubernaculum?

A

a fibrous CT cord
(and a fun word)

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18
Q

what is the function of the gubernaculum in males?

A

connects testes to anterolateral abdominal wall at deep inguinal ring

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19
Q

what is the function of the gubernaculum in females?

A

connects ovaries & uterus to labia majora

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20
Q

processus vaginalis passes through the ____ and carries ____ with it into the ____ in males, and ____ in females

A
  • inguinal canal
  • muscular & fascial layers
  • primordial scrotum
  • labia majora
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21
Q

the condition where the testis is undescended is called ____

A

cryptorchid

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22
Q

in females, the gubernaculum becomes…

A
  • ovarian lig (ovaries to uterus)
  • round lig of uterus (uterus to labia majora)
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23
Q

a direct inguinal hernia is also called ____

A

acquired inguinal hernia

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24
Q

What is an acquired inguinal hernia?

A

weakening of muscular wall, allowing protrusion of parietal peritoneum & possibly abdominal contents through ant abdominal wall in inguinal area, medial to inf epigastric vessels

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25
Q

where are potential sites for an acquired inguinal hernia?

A

medial inguinal fossae

26
Q

in indirect inguinal hernia is also called a ____

A

congenital inguinal hernia

27
Q

what is a congenital inguinal hernia?

A

protrusion of parietal peritoneum & sometimes abdominal contents through deep inguinal ring, into inguinal canal & possibly scrotum, lateral to inf epigastric vessels

28
Q

where are potential sites for a congenital inguinal hernia?

A

lateral inguinal fossae and deep inguinal ring

29
Q

what is the most common type of inguinal hernia?

A

congenital/indirect

30
Q

the spermatic cord extends from the ____ to the ____

A
  • deep inguinal ring
  • post. border of testis in scrotum
31
Q

name the contents of the spermatic cord

A
  • ductus (vas) deferens
  • artery of ductus deferens
  • testicular a
  • cremasteric a
  • pampiniform plexus of vv
  • sympathetic n fibers
  • lymphatic vessels
  • genital branch of genitofemoral n
32
Q

coverings of the spermatic cord are derived from…

A

anterior abdominal wall tissues

33
Q

name the layers of fascia covering the spermatic cord from superficial to deep

A
  • dartos fascia & muscle
  • external spermatic fascia
  • cremaster fascia & muscle
  • internal spermatic fascia
34
Q

dartos fascia is continuous with ____

A

scarpa’s fascia (scrotum)

35
Q

external spermatic fascia is derived from the ____

A

external oblique

36
Q

cremasteric fascia is derived from the ____

A

internal oblique

37
Q

internal spermatic fascia is derived from ____

A

transversalis fascia

38
Q

what type of muscle is the dartos muscle?

A

smooth

39
Q

what type of muscle is the cremaster muscle?

A

striated

40
Q

what innervates the cremaster muscle/fascia?

A

genital branch of genitofemoral n (L1, L2)

41
Q

the scrotum develops from ____

A

lumbosacral swellings

42
Q

right and left compartments of the scrotum are divided internally by a ____, which is externally visible as the ____

A
  • septum
  • scrotal raphe
43
Q

what type of fascia covers the scrotum?

A

dartos (continuous w scarpa’s)

44
Q

what is the function of the dartos muscle?

A

thermoregulation (keep sperm at ideal temp)
- relax when warm
- pull closer to body when cold

45
Q

the scrotal ligament is a remnant of the ____

A

gubernaculum

46
Q

The visceral layer of tunica vaginalis covers…

A

surface of testis
(closed peritoneal sac)

47
Q

parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

A

adjacent internal spermatic fascia, lining scrotum

48
Q

the tough outer surface of the testis is called ____

A

tunica albuginea

49
Q

tunica albuginea is deep to ____, and posteriorly forms a thickened ridge called ____

A
  • visceral tunica vaginalis
  • mediastinum of testis
50
Q

function of testes

A

produce spermatozoa + testosterone

51
Q

name the contents of the testes

A
  • mediastinum of testis
  • rete testis
  • seminiferous tubules
  • septa
52
Q

innervation of testes

A

autonomic nn from testicular plexus of nn
(vagal PSNS fibers, visceral afferent fibers & SNS fibers from T7)

53
Q

the testicular artery is a branch of the ____, and passes through the ____ to the ____

A
  • abdominal aorta
  • inguinal canal
  • spermatic cord
    (retroperitoneal)
54
Q

pampiniform plexus of veins is involved in the function of ____

A

thermoregulation

55
Q

branches of the pampiniform plexus of veins converge to form the…

A

right & left testicular veins

56
Q

the right testicular vein drains into the ____

A

inf vena cava

57
Q

the left testicular vein drains into the ____

A

left renal vein

58
Q

lymphatic drainage of the testes follows the… so that lymph from the scrotum drains into ____

A
  • testicular vessels to lumbar & preaortic lymph nodes
  • superficial inguinal nodes
59
Q

where is the epididymis located?

A

along posterior border of testes

60
Q

name the 3 parts of the epididymis

A

head (superior expanded part)
body
tail

61
Q

the tail of the epididymis continues to the ____

A

ductus (vas) deferens
(differentiates from testicular a which goes into sup pole of testis)

NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 (27 decks)

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