Inguinal Region

Question 1

the “groin” or inguinal region extends between the ____ and the ____

Answer 1

ASIS -> pubic tubercle

Question 2

the aponeurosis of external oblique forms…

Answer 2

• inguinal ligament
• lacunar ligament
• superficial inguinal ring

Question 3

what forms the inguinal ligament?

Answer 3

inferior border of aponeurosis of external oblique from ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 4

what forms the lacunar ligament?

Answer 4

deeper fibers of the inguinal ligament that pass posteriorly attaching to the superior pubic ramus

Question 5

what forms the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 5

opening in aponeurosis of external oblique created by:
- lat crus attachment to pubic tubercle
- med crus attachment to pubic crest
- intercrural fibers connect the 2

Question 6

describe the orientation of the inguinal canal

Answer 6

• ~4cm long
• obliquely oriented, tubular passage
• parallels inguinal lig

Question 7

what forms the entrance to the inguinal canal?

Answer 7

deep inguinal ring

Question 8

what forms the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 8

evagination in transversalis fascia, lateral to inf epigastric a

Question 9

what forms the exit of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

superficial inguinal ring

Question 10

where is the superficial inguinal ring located?

Answer 10

opens inferomedially in lower part of anterior abdominal wall, superolateral to pubic tubercle

Question 11

what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 11

aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 12

what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Answer 12

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

Question 13

what forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 13

• arching fibers of aponeurosis of internal oblique + TVA
• medially: medial crus of aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 14

what forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 14

iliopubic tract
inguinal ligament
lacunar ligament

Question 15

the inguinal canal is a passageway for what 3 structures?

Answer 15

ilioinguinal n
spermatic cord (males)
round lig of uterus (females)

Question 16

where do the testes and ovaries develop within the abdominal wall?

Answer 16

superior lumbar region of posterior abdominal wall

Question 17

what is the gubernaculum?

Answer 17

a fibrous CT cord
(and a fun word)

Question 18

what is the function of the gubernaculum in males?

Answer 18

connects testes to anterolateral abdominal wall at deep inguinal ring

Question 19

what is the function of the gubernaculum in females?

Answer 19

connects ovaries & uterus to labia majora

Question 20

processus vaginalis passes through the ____ and carries ____ with it into the ____ in males, and ____ in females

Answer 20

• inguinal canal
• muscular & fascial layers
• primordial scrotum
• labia majora

Question 21

the condition where the testis is undescended is called ____

Answer 21

cryptorchid

Question 22

in females, the gubernaculum becomes…

Answer 22

• ovarian lig (ovaries to uterus)
• round lig of uterus (uterus to labia majora)

Question 23

a direct inguinal hernia is also called ____

Answer 23

acquired inguinal hernia

Question 24

What is an acquired inguinal hernia?

Answer 24

weakening of muscular wall, allowing protrusion of parietal peritoneum & possibly abdominal contents through ant abdominal wall in inguinal area, medial to inf epigastric vessels

Question 25

where are potential sites for an acquired inguinal hernia?

Answer 25

medial inguinal fossae

Question 26

in indirect inguinal hernia is also called a ____

Answer 26

congenital inguinal hernia

Question 27

what is a congenital inguinal hernia?

Answer 27

protrusion of parietal peritoneum & sometimes abdominal contents through **deep inguinal ring**, into inguinal canal & possibly scrotum, **lateral** to inf epigastric vessels

Question 28

where are potential sites for a congenital inguinal hernia?

Answer 28

lateral inguinal fossae and deep inguinal ring

Question 29

what is the most common type of inguinal hernia?

Answer 29

congenital/indirect

Question 30

the spermatic cord extends from the ____ to the ____

Answer 30

- deep inguinal ring - post. border of testis in scrotum

Question 31

name the contents of the spermatic cord

Answer 31

- ductus (vas) deferens - artery of ductus deferens - testicular a - cremasteric a - pampiniform plexus of vv - sympathetic n fibers - lymphatic vessels - genital branch of genitofemoral n

Question 32

coverings of the spermatic cord are derived from...

Answer 32

anterior abdominal wall tissues

Question 33

name the layers of fascia covering the spermatic cord from superficial to deep

Answer 33

- dartos fascia & muscle - external spermatic fascia - cremaster fascia & muscle - internal spermatic fascia

Question 34

dartos fascia is continuous with ____

Answer 34

scarpa's fascia (scrotum)

Question 35

external spermatic fascia is derived from the ____

Answer 35

external oblique

Question 36

cremasteric fascia is derived from the ____

Answer 36

internal oblique

Question 37

internal spermatic fascia is derived from ____

Answer 37

transversalis fascia

Question 38

what type of muscle is the dartos muscle?

Answer 38

smooth

Question 39

what type of muscle is the cremaster muscle?

Answer 39

striated

Question 40

what innervates the cremaster muscle/fascia?

Answer 40

genital branch of genitofemoral n (L1, L2)

Question 41

the scrotum develops from ____

Answer 41

lumbosacral swellings

Question 42

right and left compartments of the scrotum are divided internally by a ____, which is externally visible as the ____

Answer 42

- septum - scrotal raphe

Question 43

what type of fascia covers the scrotum?

Answer 43

dartos (continuous w scarpa's)

Question 44

what is the function of the dartos muscle?

Answer 44

thermoregulation (keep sperm at ideal temp) - relax when warm - pull closer to body when cold

Question 45

the scrotal ligament is a remnant of the ____

Answer 45

gubernaculum

Question 46

The visceral layer of tunica vaginalis covers…

Answer 46

surface of testis (closed peritoneal sac)

Question 47

parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

Answer 47

adjacent internal spermatic fascia, lining scrotum

Question 48

the tough outer surface of the testis is called ____

Answer 48

tunica albuginea

Question 49

tunica albuginea is deep to ____, and posteriorly forms a thickened ridge called ____

Answer 49

- visceral tunica vaginalis - mediastinum of testis

Question 50

function of testes

Answer 50

produce spermatozoa + testosterone

Question 51

name the contents of the testes

Answer 51

- mediastinum of testis - rete testis - seminiferous tubules - septa

Question 52

innervation of testes

Answer 52

autonomic nn from testicular plexus of nn (vagal PSNS fibers, visceral afferent fibers & SNS fibers from T7)

Question 53

the testicular artery is a branch of the ____, and passes through the ____ to the ____

Answer 53

- abdominal aorta - inguinal canal - spermatic cord (retroperitoneal)

Question 54

pampiniform plexus of veins is involved in the function of ____

Answer 54

thermoregulation

Question 55

branches of the pampiniform plexus of veins converge to form the...

Answer 55

right & left testicular veins

Question 56

the right testicular vein drains into the ____

Answer 56

inf vena cava

Question 57

the left testicular vein drains into the ____

Answer 57

left renal vein

Question 58

lymphatic drainage of the testes follows the... so that lymph from the scrotum drains into ____

Answer 58

- testicular vessels to lumbar & preaortic lymph nodes - superficial inguinal nodes

Question 59

where is the epididymis located?

Answer 59

along posterior border of testes

Question 60

name the 3 parts of the epididymis

Answer 60

head (superior expanded part) body tail

Question 61

the tail of the epididymis continues to the ____

Answer 61

ductus (vas) deferens (differentiates from testicular a which goes into sup pole of testis)