Anterolateral Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Name the 3 subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity
abdomen
greater pelvis
lesser pelvis
Describe the boundaries of the abdominal cavity
thoracic diaphragm (4th intercostal space) to pelvic inlet
What is the abdominal cavity skeletally bound by?
- costal cartilages 7-10
- ribs 11-12
- xiphoid process
- L1-5
- os coxae (ilium & pubis)
Describe the borders of the greater pelvis
superior ilium to pelvic inlet (above)
Describe the borders of the lesser pelvis
pelvic inlet (below) to pelvic diaphragm
Name 3 functions of the abdominopelvic cavity
- protection & support
- assist breathing
- control intra-abdominal pressure
name the planes that form the 4 quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity
sagittal
transumbilical (L3-4/umbilicus)
name the planes that form the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity
2 midclavicular
subcostal
intertubercular
name the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity
- L/R hypochondrium
- epigastric region
- L/R flank
- umbilical region
- L/R groin
- pubic region
Describe the boundaries of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- costal cartilage 7-10 & xiphoid process
- inguinal ligaments
- iliac crests
- pubic crests
- pubic symphysis
name the components of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- skeleton
- skin
- fascia
- muscles
- fat
- parietal peritoneum
name the 3 main layers of fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
superficial
investing
deep
what are the 2 sublayers of superficial fascia?
camper
scarpa
describe camper fascia
- most superficial
- fat storage (fatty layer)
describe scarpa fascia
- inferior to umbilicus (only in this region)
- deep to camper fascia
- membranous (not fatty)
describe investing fascia
- mostly epimysium
- covers external surface of muscles & aponeuroses
deep fascia is also called _____
endoabdominal fascia
(transversalis fascia deep to transversus abdominis)
describe endoabdominal fascia
lines anterolateral abdominal wall deep to muscles
name the 3 flat muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
name the 2 vertical muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
rectus abdominis
pyramidalis
origin & insertion of external oblique
O: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
I: linea alba, pubic tubercle, ant 1/2 of iliac crest
(hands in pockets)
innervation of external oblique
ant rami T7-12
action of external oblique
- compress & support abdominal contents
- bilaterally flex trunk
- contralaterally bends trunk
origin & insertion of internal oblique
O:
- thoracolumbar fascia
- ant 2/3 iliac crest
- lat 2/3 inguinal lig
- surrounding CT
I: inf borders ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
innervation of internal oblique
ant rami T6-12 & L1
action of internal oblique
- compress & support abdominal contents
- bilaterally flex trunk
- ipsilaterally bend trunk
origin & insertion of transversus abdominis
O:
- internal surface ribs 7-12 & costal cartilages
- thoracolumbar fascia
- iliac crest
- lat 1/3 inguinal lig
- surrounding CT
I: linea alba, aponeurosis of int oblique, pubic crest, pectineal line
innervation of transversus abdominis
ant rami T6-12 & L1
action of transversus abdominis
compress & support abdominal contents
origin & insertion of rectus abdominis
O: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
I: costal cartilages 5-7, xiphoid process
innervation of rectus abdominis
ant rami T6-12
action of rectus abdominis
- compress & support abdominal contents
- bilaterally flex lumbar spine
- tense abdominal wall
- stabilize & control pelvic tilt (antilordosis)
origin & insertion of pyrimidalis
O: front of pubis & pubic symphysis
I: linea alba
innervation of pyrimidalis
ant ramus T12
action of pyrimidalis
tense or draw down linea alba
what is an aponeurosis?
sheet-like tendon
what forms aponeuroses of the anterior abdominal wall?
fibers of 3 flat muscles end near the midclavicular line, forming aponeuroses
fibers of 3 flat muscles of the anterior abdominal wall blend to form the ____
rectus sheath
what does the rectus sheath surround?
rectus abdominis, except inferior 1/4 of posterior portion
what marks the end of the posterior rectus sheath?
arcuate line
where is transversalis fascia located?
only inferior to arcuate line
aponeuroses of the anterior abdominal wall interweave forming the ____
linea alba
the linea alba separates ____
rectus abdominis muscles
where is linea semilunaris located?
lateral margin of rectus abdominis
what subdivides rectus abdominis and improves force generation?
tendinous intersections which attach to anterior rectus sheath
name the contents of the rectus sheath
- superior epigastric a + v
- inferior epigastric a + v
- lymphatic vessels
- v rami of thoracoabdominal nn (T6/7 - T11) and T12 (subcostal n)
- pyramidalis
name the nerves of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- thoracoabdominal nn
- lateral (thoracic) cutaneous branches
- subcostal n
- iliohypogastric n
- ilioinguinal n
where are thoracoabdominal nerves located?
neurovascular plane between internal oblique and TVA
motor branches of thoracoabdominal nerves supply…
all the muscles
spinal levels of lateral thoracic cutaneous branches
T7 - 9/10
spinal level of subcostal nerve
v ramus T12
spinal level of iliohypogastric nerve
terminal branch of v ramus L1
spinal level of ilioinguinal nerve
terminal branch of v ramus L1
which dermatome is associated with the umbilicus?
T10
what dermatome is associated with the groin?
L1
skin & subcutaneous tissues of the anterolateral abdominal wall drain into the… via…
superior vena caval system
- internal thoracic v medially
- lateral thoracic v laterally & inferiorly
what forms collateral circulation bypassing the vena cava system?
thoracoepigastric v + anastomosis between sup & inf epigastric vv
cutaneous veins surrounding the umbilicus anastomose with ____ tributaries
hepatic portal v
describe the arrangement of the arterial supply of the anterolateral abdominal wall
follows arrangement of mm:
- oblique & circumferential laterally
- vertical anteriorly
circumferential vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall are continuations of what vessels?
7th - 11th posterior intercostal aa
subcostal a
deep circumflex iliac a
name the vertically oriented vessels of the anterolateral abdominal wall
- superior & inferior epigastric
- musculophrenic a + branches
superior epigastric artery originates from the ____
internal thoracic a
inferior epigastric artery originates from the ____
external iliac a
musculophrenic artery originates from the ____
internal thoracic a
internal thoracic artery originates from the ____
subclavian a
superior to the transumbilical line, superficial lymphatic vessels drain into…
axillary lymph nodes & parasternal lymph nodes
inferior to the transumbilical line, superficial lymphatic vessels drain into…
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
deep lymphatic vessels are like ____, and drain into what lymph nodes?
deep veins
external iliac, common iliac, R/L lumbar lymph nodes
based on the regional divisions of the abdominopelvic cavity, which quadrant would you expect to find the liver?
upper right
