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NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 > Abdominal Embryology & Pathology > Flashcards

Abdominal Embryology & Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

the primordial gut forms in week ____

A

4

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2
Q

what forms the primitive gut tube?

A

cephalocaudal and lateral folding

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3
Q

the primitive gut tube is bound cephalically by the ____ and caudally by the ____

A
  • oropharyngeal membrane
  • cloacal membrane
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4
Q

the midgut remains temporarily connected to what embryological structure during development?

A

yolk sac

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5
Q

the ventral mesentery is derived from…

A

mesenchyme of septum transversum

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6
Q

the dorsal mesentery is a continuous sheet extending along the posterior abdominal wall from the ____ to the ____

A

abdominal esophagus to rectum

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7
Q

what is the name for the early diaphragm?

A

septum transversum

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8
Q

name the structures of the foregut

A
  • primordial pharynx & derivatives
  • lower respiratory system
  • esophagus & stomach
  • duodenum (proximal to bile duct opening)
  • liver, biliary system (hepatic ducts, gallbladder, bile duct)
  • pancreas
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9
Q

what 2 foregut structures are derived from ventral mesogastrum?

A

lesser omentum
falciform ligament

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10
Q

the greater omentum is derived from ____

A

dorsal mesogastrum

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11
Q

what happens to the stomach during development?

A

clockwise rotation (90*) on longitudinal axis, forming omental bursa
- cardia portion moves left + downward
- pyloric portion moves right + upward

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12
Q

the dorsal mesogastrum fuses with the ____

A

transverse mesocolon mesentery

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13
Q

what forms the duodenal C-shape during development?

A

stomach rotation

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14
Q

what pushes the duodenum to the right of the midline?

A

pancreas grows concurrently

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15
Q

the liver develops as cells start to proliferate within portions of mesoderm derived from ____

A

septum transversum

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16
Q

what forms the bare area of the liver?

A

as liver grows, contacts central tendon of diaphragm

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17
Q

name the structures of the midgut

A
  • small intestine (includes duodenum distal to bile duct opening)
  • cecum
  • appendix
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon (right 1/2 to 2/3)
18
Q

most midgut structures receive what arterial supply?

A

SMA

19
Q

what happens to the primary intestinal loop from ~weeks 5-7 of development?

A

rapid elongation of gut and mesentery

20
Q

what allows space for midgut rotation during development?

A

physiological umbilical herniation during week 8

21
Q

how does the midgut rotate during development?

A

270 degrees counterclockwise around SMA axis

22
Q

what happens after midgut rotation during development?

A

umbilical herniation retraction during week 10

23
Q

name the structures of the hindgut

A
  • transverse colon (left 1/3 to 1/2
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal (sup. portion)
  • internal lining of bladder & urethra
24
Q

during development, the anal canal migrates into the ____

A

cloacal region

25
Q

during development, the cloacal membrane ____

A

degenerates

26
Q

the superior anal canal is derived from ____

A

endoderm (columnar epithelium)

27
Q

the inferior anal canal is derived from ____

A

ectoderm (stratified squamous epithelium)

28
Q

the pectinate line separates…

A
  • superior anal canal
  • inferior anal canal
    (change from columnar to stratified squamous)
29
Q

what 2 pouches form in the hindgut during development?

A

urorectal & rectovaginal

30
Q

liver cirrhosis has a ____ external appearance

A

hobnail (rough/bumpy)

31
Q

gallstones are also called ____

A

cholelithiasis

32
Q

gallstones are made up of ____

A

cholesterol crystals

33
Q

gallstones occur more in ____ and ____

A

females and older individuals (^risk w age)

34
Q

gallstones can cause injury to the ____ or ____

A

gallbladder
biliary tract obstruction

35
Q

name 5 congenital renal anomalies

A
  • ectopic kidneys
  • bifid renal pelvis or ureter
  • accessory renal aa
  • polycystic kidney disease
  • fused kidneys
36
Q

multiple kidney stones are referred to as ____

A

renal calculi (mineral deposits)

37
Q

name 2 hepatic pathologies

A
  • cirrhosis
  • portal vein hypertension
38
Q

kidney stone pain refers to…

A

lumbar (flank), inguinal region or external genetalia

39
Q

what is renal colic?

A

severe intermittent pain as kidney stones pass through ureters

40
Q

what can increase pain associated with pararenal inflammation and why?

A

extension of hip, due to relationship with psoas minor (lies directly behind ureter, shares some nerve supply)

NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 (16 decks)

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