Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 parts of the pharyngeal apparatus

A
  • pharyngeal arch
  • pharyngeal groove (cleft)
  • pharyngeal pouch
  • pharyngeal membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the pharyngeal arches are composed of ____ cells

A

neural crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

initially, pharyngeal arches have a core of ____ covered by ____ externally and ____ internally

A
  • mesenchyme
  • ectoderm
  • endoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the components of the pharyngeal arches

A
  • artery
  • bone (cartilaginous rod)
  • muscle
  • nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the artery component of pharyngeal arches is derived from ____

A

truncus arteriosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which pharyngeal arches develop separately?

A

1, 2, 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the cartilaginous portion of pharyngeal arches ____ and ____ fuse

A

4 and 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pharyngeal arch ____ regresses and has no derivatives

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what structures develop from the frontonasal prominence?

A
  • optic vesicles (eyes)
  • forehead
  • stomodeum (primordial mouth)
  • nose (frontal & lateral nasal prominence)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

meckel’s cartilage is associated with which pharyngeal arch?

A

1st

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the first pharyngeal arch is also called the ____

A

mandibular arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the bone/cartilage component of the first pharyngeal arch is also called ____

A

meckel’s cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structures develop from the bone/cartilage component of the first pharyngeal arch?

A
  • maxillary prominence
  • mandibular prominence
  • dorsal end (malleus, incus, sphenomandibular lig)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what muscles develop from the first pharyngeal arch?

A
  • mm of mastication
  • tensor veli palatini
  • tensor tympani
  • mylohyoid
  • ant. belly of digastric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which nerve develops from the first pharyngeal arch?

A

CN V : trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the second pharyngeal arch is also called the ____

A

hyoid arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the bone/cartilage component of the second pharyngeal arch is called ____

A

Reichert’s cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what bones/cartilage develop from the second pharyngeal arch?

A
  • stapes
  • styloid process
  • stylohyoid lig
  • lesser cornu & upper part of body of hyoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch?

A
  • mm of facial expression
  • stapedius
  • stylohyoid
  • post. belly of digastric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what nerve develops from the second pharyngeal arch?

A

CN VII: facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is a branchial cyst?

A

persistent second pharyngeal groove or cervical sinus, apparent beginning in late childhood or early adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the clinical presentation of a branchial cyst?

A
  • painless swollen mass
  • slowly enlarges
  • inferior to angle of mandible and anterior to SCM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which pharyngeal arch does NOT develop into adult structures?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what bones/cartilage develop from the third pharyngeal arch?

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • hyoid bone (greater cornu & part of body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what muscle develops from the third pharyngeal arch?
stylopharyngeus
26
what nerve develops from the third pharyngeal arch?
CN IX: glossopharyngeal
27
what structures develop from the bone/cartilage component of the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
laryngeal cartilages (except epiglottis)
28
what muscles develop from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
pharyngeal & laryngeal mm (cricothyroid, levator palatini, pharyngeal constrictors)
29
what nerve develops from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
CN X: vagus - 4th: sup. laryngeal n - 6th: recurrent laryngeal n
30
what structures develop in the first pharyngeal pouch region?
- tympanic cavity - mastoid antrum - pharyngotympanic (eustachian; auditory) tube - tympanic membrane
31
what structures develop in the second pharyngeal pouch region?
tonsillar fossa & palatine tonsils
32
what structures develop in the third pharyngeal pouch region?
- inferior parathyroid glands - thymus
33
what structures develop in the fourth pharyngeal pouch region?
- superior parathyroid glands - thyroid parafollicular cells
34
what structure develops in the first pharyngeal groove region?
external auditory meatus
35
what pharyngeal grooves lie in the cervical sinus and are obliterated as the neck develops?
all but 1st groove (if not, branchial cyst forms)
36
median and lateral lingual swellings develop from which pharyngeal arch?
1st
37
what tongue structure develops from the hypopharyngeal eminence?
rostral tongue
38
the hypopharyngeal eminence is a derivative of which pharyngeal arch?
4th
39
what nerve innervates the tongue during development?
CN XII: hypoglossal
40
when do taste buds develop?
weeks 11-13
41
what is the general timeline for facial development?
weeks 4-8 primary growth
42
what occurs by week 5 of facial development?
- primordial auricles (ears) begin developing - ears migrate up from neck region as mandible develops
43
what occurs by week 6 of facial development?
- maxillary & lateral nasal prominence begin fusion at nasolacrimal duct - oronasal membrane ruptures
44
what occurs by week 12 of facial development?
conchae and olfactory epithelium develop
45
when do air sinuses develop?
- maxillary sinuses: fetal development - other air sinuses: after birth
46
what causes a chin dimple?
incomplete fusion of left and right mandibular prominences
47
when does development of the palate begin?
week 6
48
what 2 portions of the palate develop by week 6?
- primary palate: premaxillary part of maxillae - secondary palate: lateral palatine processes (palatine shelf)
49
prevalence of cleft lip
- 1 in 1000 births - M>F (60-80% boys)
50
prevalence of cleft palate
- 1 in 2500 births - F>M
51
describe the development of the retina and ciliary body
- optic vesicles project from forebrain - invaginates to form optic cups - develops into retina & ciliary body
52
describe the development of the lens
- surface ectoderm forms lens placode - develops into lens
53
describe the development of the inner ear
- surface ectoderm thickens into otic placode - invaginates to form otic pit - edges of pit fuse to form otic vesicle -> forms inner ear
54
the middle ear (ossicles and auditory tube) develop from which pharyngeal arches?
1st & 2nd
55
the external ear develops from the ___ and ___ pharyngeal arches, and the ___ pharyngeal groove
- 1st & 2nd arches - 1st groove
56
what is the first endocrine gland to develop?
thyroid gland
57
what occurs by 24 days of thyroid gland development?
- thyroid primordium on back of tongue/pharynx - descends to neck through thyroglossal duct
58
what occurs by week 7 of thyroid gland development?
- thyroid gland assumes adult shape - reaches final site in anterior midline of neck - thyroglossal duct degenerates
59
what remnants of embryonical thyroid gland development may be present in adulthood?
- proximal opening of thyroglossal duct persists as foramen cecum on tongue - persistent thyroglossal duct (round firm mass/swelling in median plane of neck inf to hyoid bone)
60
A patient is born without a thymus gland and inferior parathyroid glands. Which portion of the pharyngeal apparatus is involved in this defect?
3rd pouch
61
Treacher-Collins syndrome is characterized by malformed or absent ears, zygomatic and mandibular hypoplasia and downward slanted eyes. This condition involves which pharyngeal arch?
1st pharyngeal arch
62
A 16-year-old female notices asymmetry in her neck when she tenses the skin of her inferior face and neck - she is lacking a platysma on one side of her neck. This asymmetry involves which pharyngeal arch?
2nd pharyngeal arch

NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions