Peritoneum

Question 1

peritoneum is derived from ____

Answer 1

mesothelium

Question 2

describe the histology of the peritoneum

Answer 2

layer of simple squamous epithelial-like cells with supportive layer of CT

Question 3

name and describe the 2 layers of the peritoneum

Answer 3

• parietal: lines abdominal wall/peritoneal cavity
• visceral: reflects onto and covers organs

Question 4

where is peritoneal fluid located?

Answer 4

between parietal & visceral layers of peritoneum

Question 5

the peritoneal cavity develops from ____ and is connected to ____ until week 10

Answer 5

intraembryonic coelom (embryonic body cavity)
extraembryonic coelom at umbilicus

Question 6

parietal peritoneum is derived from ____

Answer 6

somatic mesoderm

Question 7

visceral peritoneum is derived from ____

Answer 7

splanchnic mesoderm

Question 8

intraperitoneal organs are nearly completely covered by ____

Answer 8

visceral peritoneum

Question 9

location and covering of extraperitoneal organs

Answer 9

• external to parietal peritoneum
• partially covered by visceral peritoneum

Question 10

location and covering of retroperitoneal organs

Answer 10

• posterior to parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall
• one or part of one organ surface (usually ant) covered by parietal peritoneum

Question 11

location and covering of subperitoneal organs

Answer 11

• inferior to parietal peritoneum
• superior surface of organ by parietal peritoneum

Question 12

developing organs protrude into the ____ and acquire ____ covering

Answer 12

peritoneal sac
visceral peritoneum

Question 13

what are primarily retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 13

organs that do not protrude fully and remain partially behind parietal peritoneum (was never part of peritoneum)

Question 14

what are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 14

organs lying against posterior abdominal wall so that their dorsal mesentary fuses with posterior abdominal wall (outgrew peritoneum)

Question 15

what are mesenteries?

Answer 15

double layer of peritoneum connecting viscera to peritoneal wall

Question 16

mesenteries contain ____ and ____

Answer 16

vessels & nerves

Question 17

what are reflections?

Answer 17

bends in parietal peritoneum following the conical structure of the abdomen

Question 18

what are recesses?

Answer 18

spaces created by parietal peritoneal reflections

Question 19

name the 3 peritoneal folds

Answer 19

• median umbilical
• medial umbilical
• lateral umbilical

Question 20

median umbilical fold

Answer 20

• apex of bladder to umbilicus
• covers median umbilical ligament (remnant of embryonic urachus/allantois)

Question 21

medial umbilical folds

Answer 21

cover medial umbilical ligaments (occluded umbilical aa)

Question 22

median and medial umbilical folds are separated by ____

Answer 22

supravesical fossae

Question 23

lateral umbilical folds

Answer 23

cover inferior epigastric vessels

Question 24

name the 3 peritoneal fossae

Answer 24

• supravesical
• medial inguinal
• lateral inguinal

Question 25

supravesical fossae

Answer 25

median to medial umbilical folds

Question 26

medial inguinal fossae (inguinal triangles or Hesselbach triangles)

Answer 26

- medial to lateral umbilical folds - site of direct inguinal hernias

Question 27

lateral inguinal fossae

Answer 27

- lat to lat umbilical folds and contain deep inguinal ring - common site of indirect inguinal hernias

Question 28

the parietal peritoneum receives blood supply from...

Answer 28

branches of body wall vessels

Question 29

parietal peritoneum receives somatic afferents from...

Answer 29

associated spinal nn

Question 30

describe sensations experienced by the parietal peritoneum

Answer 30

- interior body wall pressure - pain - temp - laceration sensation - well-localized pain

Question 31

visceral peritoneum receives blood supply from...

Answer 31

same vessels as viscera

Question 32

visceral peritoneum receives visceral afferents accompanying...

Answer 32

autonomic nn (SNS & PSNS)

Question 33

describe sensation of the visceral peritoneum

Answer 33

- not sensitive to touch, temp, laceration - stimulated by stretching & chemical irritation - referred discomfort (non-specific localization)

Question 34

name 4 major mesentaries

Answer 34

- small intestines: principle mesentary - vermiform appendix: mesoappendix - transverse colon: transverse mesocolon - sigmoid colon: sigmoid mesocolon

Question 35

what are omenta?

Answer 35

pass between stomach and other organs and contain neurovasculature

Question 36

name 2 omenta

Answer 36

greater omentum lesser omentum

Question 37

the greater omentum contains ____ layers of peritoneum

Answer 37

4

Question 38

the lesser omentum contains ____ layers of peritoneum

Answer 38

2

Question 39

location of greater omentum

Answer 39

- greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum - folds back to attach to transverse colon & transverse mesocolon

Question 40

gastrophrenic ligament

Answer 40

stomach to diaphragm

Question 41

gastrosplenic ligament

Answer 41

stomach to spleen

Question 42

gastrocolic ligament

Answer 42

stomach to (transverse) colon

Question 43

location of lesser omentum

Answer 43

- lesser curvature of stomach & proximal duodenum to liver

Question 44

hepatogastric ligament

Answer 44

liver to stomach

Question 45

hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 45

liver to duodenum

Question 46

the falciform ligament contains the...

Answer 46

round ligament of liver

Question 47

the round ligament of the liver is a remnant of the ____

Answer 47

umbilical v

Question 48

the greater sac is divided by the transverse colon into ____ and ____

Answer 48

supracolic infracolic

Question 49

name the contents of the supracolic area

Answer 49

stomach liver spleen

Question 50

name the contents of the infracolic area

Answer 50

small intestines ascending & descending colon

Question 51

location of infracolic area

Answer 51

- below transverse colon - posterior to greater omentum

Question 52

the right and left infracolic spaces are divided by the ____

Answer 52

principle mesentary

Question 53

location of paracolic gutters

Answer 53

- Right: lat to ascending colon - Left: lat to descending colon

Question 54

the lesser sac is located posterior to the...

Answer 54

stomach and lesser omentum

Question 55

anterior border of omental foramen

Answer 55

hepatoduodenal lig

Question 56

posterior border of omental foramen

Answer 56

retroperitoneal: IVC, R crus of diaphragm

Question 57

superior border of omental foramen

Answer 57

liver

Question 58

inferior border of omental foramen

Answer 58

superior or 1st part of duodenum

Question 59

the omental foramen is also called...

Answer 59

- epiploic foramen - foramen of Winslow

Question 60

the lesser omentum is a double fold of peritoneum which is attached to the...

Answer 60

liver, stomach and duodenum

Question 61

____ do not have a free mesentary in adults

Answer 61

retroperitoneal organs (eg. ascending & descending colon)