Peritoneum Flashcards
peritoneum is derived from ____
mesothelium
describe the histology of the peritoneum
layer of simple squamous epithelial-like cells with supportive layer of CT
name and describe the 2 layers of the peritoneum
- parietal: lines abdominal wall/peritoneal cavity
- visceral: reflects onto and covers organs
where is peritoneal fluid located?
between parietal & visceral layers of peritoneum
the peritoneal cavity develops from ____ and is connected to ____ until week 10
intraembryonic coelom (embryonic body cavity)
extraembryonic coelom at umbilicus
parietal peritoneum is derived from ____
somatic mesoderm
visceral peritoneum is derived from ____
splanchnic mesoderm
intraperitoneal organs are nearly completely covered by ____
visceral peritoneum
location and covering of extraperitoneal organs
- external to parietal peritoneum
- partially covered by visceral peritoneum
location and covering of retroperitoneal organs
- posterior to parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall
- one or part of one organ surface (usually ant) covered by parietal peritoneum
location and covering of subperitoneal organs
- inferior to parietal peritoneum
- superior surface of organ by parietal peritoneum
developing organs protrude into the ____ and acquire ____ covering
peritoneal sac
visceral peritoneum
what are primarily retroperitoneal organs?
organs that do not protrude fully and remain partially behind parietal peritoneum (was never part of peritoneum)
what are secondarily retroperitoneal organs?
organs lying against posterior abdominal wall so that their dorsal mesentary fuses with posterior abdominal wall (outgrew peritoneum)
what are mesenteries?
double layer of peritoneum connecting viscera to peritoneal wall
mesenteries contain ____ and ____
vessels & nerves
what are reflections?
bends in parietal peritoneum following the conical structure of the abdomen
what are recesses?
spaces created by parietal peritoneal reflections
name the 3 peritoneal folds
- median umbilical
- medial umbilical
- lateral umbilical
median umbilical fold
- apex of bladder to umbilicus
- covers median umbilical ligament (remnant of embryonic urachus/allantois)
medial umbilical folds
cover medial umbilical ligaments (occluded umbilical aa)
median and medial umbilical folds are separated by ____
supravesical fossae
lateral umbilical folds
cover inferior epigastric vessels
name the 3 peritoneal fossae
- supravesical
- medial inguinal
- lateral inguinal
supravesical fossae
median to medial umbilical folds
medial inguinal fossae (inguinal triangles or Hesselbach triangles)
- medial to lateral umbilical folds
- site of direct inguinal hernias
lateral inguinal fossae
- lat to lat umbilical folds and contain deep inguinal ring
- common site of indirect inguinal hernias
the parietal peritoneum receives blood supply from…
branches of body wall vessels
parietal peritoneum receives somatic afferents from…
associated spinal nn
describe sensations experienced by the parietal peritoneum
- interior body wall pressure
- pain
- temp
- laceration sensation
- well-localized pain
visceral peritoneum receives blood supply from…
same vessels as viscera
visceral peritoneum receives visceral afferents accompanying…
autonomic nn (SNS & PSNS)
describe sensation of the visceral peritoneum
- not sensitive to touch, temp, laceration
- stimulated by stretching & chemical irritation
- referred discomfort (non-specific localization)
name 4 major mesentaries
- small intestines: principle mesentary
- vermiform appendix: mesoappendix
- transverse colon: transverse mesocolon
- sigmoid colon: sigmoid mesocolon
what are omenta?
pass between stomach and other organs and contain neurovasculature
name 2 omenta
greater omentum
lesser omentum
the greater omentum contains ____ layers of peritoneum
4
the lesser omentum contains ____ layers of peritoneum
2
location of greater omentum
- greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
- folds back to attach to transverse colon & transverse mesocolon
gastrophrenic ligament
stomach to diaphragm
gastrosplenic ligament
stomach to spleen
gastrocolic ligament
stomach to (transverse) colon
location of lesser omentum
- lesser curvature of stomach & proximal duodenum to liver
hepatogastric ligament
liver to stomach
hepatoduodenal ligament
liver to duodenum
the falciform ligament contains the…
round ligament of liver
the round ligament of the liver is a remnant of the ____
umbilical v
the greater sac is divided by the transverse colon into ____ and ____
supracolic
infracolic
name the contents of the supracolic area
stomach
liver
spleen
name the contents of the infracolic area
small intestines
ascending & descending colon
location of infracolic area
- below transverse colon
- posterior to greater omentum
the right and left infracolic spaces are divided by the ____
principle mesentary
location of paracolic gutters
- Right: lat to ascending colon
- Left: lat to descending colon
the lesser sac is located posterior to the…
stomach and lesser omentum
anterior border of omental foramen
hepatoduodenal lig
posterior border of omental foramen
retroperitoneal: IVC, R crus of diaphragm
superior border of omental foramen
liver
inferior border of omental foramen
superior or 1st part of duodenum
the omental foramen is also called…
- epiploic foramen
- foramen of Winslow
the lesser omentum is a double fold of peritoneum which is attached to the…
liver, stomach and duodenum
____ do not have a free mesentary in adults
retroperitoneal organs
(eg. ascending & descending colon)
