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NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 > Deep Neck & Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Deep Neck & Root of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the root of the neck?

A

area immediately superior to the superior thoracic aperture and axillary inlet

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2
Q

anterior boundary of the root of the neck

A

superior margin of manubrium, sternum, & clavicle

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3
Q

posterior boundary of the root of the neck

A

body of T1

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4
Q

lateral boundary of the root of the neck

A

superior margins & costal cartilages of ribs 1 & 2

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5
Q

name the prevertebral muscles seen posterior to retropharyngeal space & medial to neurovascular plane in the root of the neck

A
  • longus coli
  • longus capitus
  • rectus capitus anterior
  • anterior scalene
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6
Q

name the muscles seen posterior to the neurovascular plane in the root of the neck

A
  • rectus capitus lateralis
  • splenius capitus
  • levator scapulae
  • middle scalene
  • posterior scalene
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7
Q

the right subclavian artery branches from the ____

A

brachiocephalic trunk

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8
Q

the left subclavian artery branches from the ____

A

arch of aorta

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9
Q

location of the first part of the subclavian artery

A

medial to anterior scalene

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10
Q

location of the second part of the subclavian artery

A

deep to anterior scalene

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11
Q

location of the third part of the subclavian artery

A

lateral to anterior scalene

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12
Q

name the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery

A
  • vertebral a
  • internal thoracic a
  • thyrocervical trunk
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13
Q

the costocervical trunk is a branch of the ____

A

second part of the subclavian artery

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14
Q

name the branches of the costocervical trunk

A

superior intercostal a
deep cervical a

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15
Q

the dorsal scapular artery is a branch of the ____

A

third part of the subclavian artery
(Variation: may be off of transverse cervical a)

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16
Q

name the 4 parts of the vertebral artery

A
  • cervical
  • vertebral
  • suboccipital
  • cranial
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17
Q

location of cervical part of vertebral artery

A

ascends between scalenes & longus coli mm

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18
Q

location of vertebral part of vertebral artery

A

passes through transverse foramen of C6-C1

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19
Q

location of suboccipital part of vertebral artery

A

passes over groove for vertebral a on C1 posterior arch to enter foramen magnum

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20
Q

location of cranial part of vertebral artery

A

right and left join in foramen magnum to form basilar a

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21
Q

the vertebral artery will enter the transverse foramen at what level?

A

C6

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22
Q

name the 4 branches of the thyrocervical trunk

A
  • inferior thyroid a
  • ascending cervical a
  • suprascapular a*
  • transverse cervical a*
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23
Q

name 2 veins of the root of the neck

A
  • external jugular v
  • anterior jugular v
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24
Q

location of internal jugular vein

A
  • deep to SCM
  • terminates at T1
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25
Q

what forms the brachiocephalic vein?

A

internal jugular v + subclavian v

26
Q

where is the brachiocephalic vein formed?

A

venous angle

27
Q

describe the course of the subclavian vein in the root of the neck

A

travels over 1st rib ant. to subclavian a (separated from a by ant. scalene)

28
Q

describe the lymphatic structures on either side of the venous angle

A
  • thoracic duct empties on left
  • right lymphatic duct empties on right
29
Q

in the carotid triangle, the internal jugular vein lies lateral to the ____ artery

A

common carotid

30
Q

the bifurcation of the common carotid artery into the internal and external carotid arteries occurs at what spinal level?

31
Q

the external carotid artery lies ____ to the posterior belly of the digastric

32
Q

the internal jugular vein unites with the ____ superior to the clavicle on each side to form the ____

A

subclavian v
brachiocephalic v

33
Q

in the carotid sheath, the vagus nerve lies between ____ and ____

A

internal jugular v & common carotid a

34
Q

vagus nerve is located in what part of the carotid sheath?

35
Q

describe the path of the right vagus nerve

A
  • passes anterior to 1st part of subclavian a to enter thorax
  • gives off right recurrent laryngeal n which loops around R subclavian a
36
Q

describe the path of the left vagus nerve

A
  • passes between left common carotid and left subclavian to enter thorax
  • gives off left recurrent laryngeal n which loops around arch of aorta
37
Q

describe the path of both recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

ascend in tracheo-esophageal groove to supply trachea, esophagus and larynx

38
Q

what is the sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve, and where is it located?

A
  • inferior nodose ganglion
  • at jugular foramen
39
Q

location of superior cervical ganglion

A

level of C1-C2

40
Q

location of middle cervical ganglion

A

level of cricoid cartilage and TP of C6

41
Q

location of inferior cervical ganglion

A

anterior TP of C7 and posterior to vertebral a

42
Q

superior cervical ganglion innervates…

A
  • postgang. fibers for internal carotid plexus
  • arterial branches to external carotid artery branches
  • gray rami to C1-C4 spinal nn
  • superior cervical cardiac n
43
Q

which white rami communicates does the cervical sympathetic trunk receive?

44
Q

middle cervical ganglion innervates…

A
  • postgang. fibers for gray rami of C5-C6 spinal nn
  • middle cervical cardiac n
  • arterial plexus to thyroid gland
45
Q

which cervical ganglion is the smallest and may be absent?

46
Q

what forms the stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion in 80% of individuals?

A

inferior cervical ganglion fuses with T1 ganglion

47
Q

the inferior cervical ganglion innervates…

A
  • postgang. fibers for gray rami of C7-C8 spinal nn
  • inf. cervical cardiac n
  • arterial branches to vertebral a
48
Q

what is ansa subclavia (subclavian loop)?

A

bilateral nerve loop that connects middle & inferior cervical ganglia and loops around the subclavian a

49
Q

name the 3 visceral layers of the neck

A
  • endocrine
  • respiratory
  • alimentary
50
Q

name the components of the endocrine layer of the neck

A

thyroid & parathyroid glands

51
Q

name the components of the respiratory layer of the neck

A

larynx & trachea

52
Q

name the components of the alimentary layer of the neck

A

pharynx & esophagus

53
Q

what is the largest endocrine gland?

A

thyroid gland

54
Q

describe the location of the thyroid gland

A

at level of C5-T1 anterolateral to larynx & trachea

55
Q

right and left lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the ____ at the level of the ____

A
  • isthmus
  • 2nd-3rd tracheal rings
56
Q

what arteries supply the thyroid gland?

A

superior thyroid a
inferior thyroid a

57
Q

name 3 thyroid anomalies

A
  • pyramidal lobe (50%)
  • levator glandulae thyroideae m
  • thyroidea ima a (10%)
58
Q

describe the location of the parathyroid glands

A

bilateral pairs (sup & inf) external to thyroid capsule on posterior surface of thyroid gland

59
Q

what is the function of parathyroid hormone secretion?

A

serum calcium regulation

60
Q

blood supply of parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid a

61
Q

the thyroid gland lies superficial to what nerves?

A

recurrent laryngeal nn

NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 (27 decks)

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