Large Intestine

Question 1

name the regions of the large intestine

Answer 1

• cecum
• appendix
• ascending colon
• transverse colon
• sigmoid colon
• rectum
• anal canal

Question 2

small fatty projections on the large intestine are called ____

Answer 2

epiploic (omental) appendices

Question 3

what are teniae coli?

Answer 3

three distinct longitudinal bands of muscle beginning at the base of the appendix

Question 4

what are haustra?

Answer 4

sacculations of colon wall between teniae coli

Question 5

what is the name of the fascia that attaches the ascending and descending colons to the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 5

toldt fascia

Question 6

what is the name of the opening where the ileum transitions to the large intestine?

Answer 6

ileocecal orifice (controlled by ileocecal valve)

Question 7

what is the vermiform appendix?

Answer 7

blind diverticulum located on posteromedial aspect of cecum, containing lymphoid tissue

Question 8

location of cecum

Answer 8

• right lower quadrant, iliac fossa
• inferior to junction of terminal ileum & ileocecal orifice/valve

Question 9

what is the name of the mesentery attached to the appendix?

Answer 9

mesoappendix

Question 10

on the right side of the abdomen, the ascending colon is continuous with the ____

Answer 10

cecum

Question 11

the ascending colon ascends to the ____ of the liver, where it turns, called the ____

Answer 11

right lobe
hepatic flexure (right colic flexure)

Question 12

the ascending colon is ____ retroperitoneal, and forms the ____ gutter

Answer 12

secondarily
right paracolic

Question 13

the ____ is the longest and most mobile part of the large intestines

Answer 13

transverse colon

Question 14

the ____ attaches the splenic flexure to the diaphragm

Answer 14

phrenicolic ligament

Question 15

the descending colon is ____ retroperitoneal, and forms the ____ gutter

Answer 15

secondarily
left paracolic gutter

Question 16

location of descending colon

Answer 16

left colic flexure to left iliac fossa

Question 17

what is the mesentery that attaches to the sigmoid colon?

Answer 17

sigmoid mesocolon

Question 18

location of sigmoid colon

Answer 18

descending colon to rectum (L3)

Question 19

the rectum is located in the ____ pelvis

Answer 19

true

Question 20

blood supply to cecum

Answer 20

• ileocolic a (terminal branch of SMA)
  -> appendicular a

Question 21

blood supply to ascending colon & right colic flexure

Answer 21

right colic a from SMA

Question 22

blood supply to transverse colon

Answer 22

• middle colic a
• marginal a

Question 23

the marginal artery is an anastomotic artery between the…

Answer 23

right colic a
middle colic a
left colic a (IMA)
sigmoid aa (IMA)

Question 24

the descending and sigmoid colon are termed the ____

Answer 24

hindgut

Question 25

the inferior mesenteric artery arises from the abdominal aorta at the level of ____

Answer 25

L3

Question 26

venous blood from the Cecum, ascending and transverse colons drain into the ____

Answer 26

superior mesenteric v

Question 27

the transverse colon turns to become the descending colon at the ____

Answer 27

splenic flexure (left colic flexure)

Question 28

name the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 28

• left colic a
• sigmoid aa
• superior rectal a

Question 29

the inferior mesenteric vein drains into the ____ and then the ____

Answer 29

splenic v
hepatic portal v

Question 30

lymph supply of the colon

Answer 30

ileocolic, right colic, & middle colic lymph nodes drain along arteries to SMA nodes

Question 31

sympathetic innervation of sigmoid and descending colon, and left colic flexure

Answer 31

lumbar splanchnic nn to inf mesenteric plexus & sup hypogastric plexus

Question 32

parasympathetic innervation of sigmoid and descending colon, and left colic flexure

Answer 32

pelvic splanchnic nn (S2-S4) to inf hypogastric plexus