Larynx & Ear

Question 1

what is the organ of voice production?

Answer 1

larynx (“voice box”)

Question 2

location of the larynx

Answer 2

• along midline anterior to C3-C6 (ant to esophagus)
• connects oropharynx to trachea

Question 3

name the cartilages that make up the larynx

Answer 3

• (1) thyroid
• (1) cricoid
• (1) epiglottis
• (2) arytenoid
• (2) corniculate
• (2) cunieform

Question 4

actions of arytenoid cartilage

Answer 4

approximate, tense or relax vocal folds by:
- sliding towards or away from each other
- tilting ant or post.
- rotating

Question 5

location of vallecula

Answer 5

space between median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds of the larynx

Question 6

what is the function of the vestibular fold?

Answer 6

protect the vocal fold

Question 7

what is the function of the vocal fold?

Answer 7

produce sound

Question 8

what produces changes in pitch of voice?

Answer 8

variation in tension & length of vocal folds, width of rima glottis and intensity of expiratory effort

Question 9

what is the rima glottis?

Answer 9

opening between vocal folds

Question 10

name the 2 intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

Answer 10

• quadrate membrane
• conus elasticus

Question 11

location of quadrate membrane

Answer 11

between aryepiglottic fold & vestibular fold

Question 12

conus elasticus forms the ____

Answer 12

vocal fold

Question 13

what muscles depress the hyoid and larynx?

Answer 13

infrahyoid mm

Question 14

what muscles elevate the hyoid and larynx?

Answer 14

suprahyoid mm

Question 15

name the laryngeal adductor muscle(s)

Answer 15

• lateral cricoarytenoid (whisperer)
• transverse & oblique arytenoid
• thyroarytenoid

Question 16

name the laryngeal abductor muscle(s)

Answer 16

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 17

name the laryngeal tensor muscle(s)

Answer 17

cricothyroid

Question 18

name the laryngeal relaxer muscle(s)

Answer 18

thyroarytenoid

Question 19

what muscle is responsible for raising pitch?

Answer 19

cricothyroid

Question 20

what muscle is responsible for lowering pitch?

Answer 20

thyroarytenoid

Question 21

name the arteries that supply the larynx

Answer 21

superior laryngeal a
inferior laryngeal a

Question 22

what is the terminal branch of the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerves?

Answer 22

inferior laryngeal nn

Question 23

sensory innervation above the vocal folds

Answer 23

internal laryngeal n

Question 24

sensory innervation below the vocal folds

Answer 24

inferior laryngeal n

Question 25

what is the primary motor nerve of the larynx?

Answer 25

inferior laryngeal n (all mm except cricothyroid)

Question 26

internal laryngeal nerve is a branch of what nerve?

Answer 26

superior laryngeal n

Question 27

inferior laryngeal nerve is a branch of what nerve?

Answer 27

(terminal branch of) recurrent laryngeal n

Question 28

the trachea extends from the inferior end of the ____ to ____

Answer 28

larynx (C6)
T4-T5

Question 29

the trachea receives sensory & parasympathetic innervation via the ____

Answer 29

recurrent laryngeal n

Question 30

the trachea receives sympathetic innervation via the ____

Answer 30

cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 31

the esophagus extends from the inferior end of the ____ to the ____

Answer 31

cricoid cartilage (C6)
stomach

Question 32

the esophagus receives somatic motor, sensory, and parasympathetic innervation via the ____

Answer 32

recurrent laryngeal n

Question 33

the esophagus receives vasomotor sympathetic innervation via the ____

Answer 33

cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 34

name the components of the external ear

Answer 34

• auricle
• external acoustic meatus

Question 35

the auricle of the ear is also called the ____

Answer 35

pinna

Question 36

innervation of the external ear

Answer 36

greater auricular n
auriculotemporal n

Question 37

name the components of the middle ear

Answer 37

• tympanic membrane
• ossicles
• pharyngotympanic tube
• stapedius
• tensor tympani
• chorda tympani
• tympanic plexus

Question 38

maximum convexity of the tympanic membrane is called ____

Answer 38

umbo

Question 39

name the 3 auditory ossicles

Answer 39

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 40

innervation of stapedius

Answer 40

facial n

Question 41

innervation of tensor tympani

Answer 41

V3

Question 42

tympanic plexus fibers come from what nerve?

Answer 42

CN IX: glossopharyngeal