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NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

the neurocranium is composed of how many bones?

A

8 (2 paired, 4 unpaired)

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2
Q

name the 4 unpaired bones of the neurocranium

A

occipital
frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid

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3
Q

name the 2 paired bones of the neurocranium

A

temporal
parietal

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4
Q

what are the 2 components of the neurocranium?

A

calvaria
cranial base

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5
Q

the calvaria forms via ____ ossification

A

intramembranous

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6
Q

the cranial base forms via ____ ossification

A

endochondral

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7
Q

how many bones make up the viscerocranium?

A

15 (6 paired, 3 unpaired)

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8
Q

the viscerocranium forms via ____ ossification

A

intramembranous

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9
Q

the viscerocranium froms from mesenchyme of ____

A

pharyngeal arches

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10
Q

name the 6 paired bones of the viscerocranium

A

maxilla
inf nasal chonchae
zygomatic
palatine
nasal
lacrimal

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11
Q

name the 3 unpaired bones of the viscerocranium

A

mandible
ethmoid (internal portions)
vomer

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12
Q

internal and external cortical bone tables are separated by ____

A

diploe trabecular bone

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13
Q

what are buttresses?

A

thicker areas of cranial bone help transmit forces around weaker areas of bone

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14
Q

where are the cranial walls thinner?

A

where muscles cover the skull
(thinnest at Pterion)

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15
Q

name 2 specific fractures that occur in the face

A
  • Le Fort (maxilla)
  • Mandible
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16
Q

the face makes up ____ of the cranium in children, and ____ in adults

A

1/8
1/3

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17
Q

name 3 components of the face that change in size after birth

A

sinuses
teeth
nose

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18
Q

name the 4 fontanelles of the cranium

A

anterior
posterior
sphenoidal
mastoidal

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19
Q

the anterior fontanelle becomes ____

A

bregma

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20
Q

the posterior fontanelle becomes ____

A

lambda

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21
Q

the sphenoidal fontanelle becomes ____

A

pterion

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22
Q

the mastoidal fontanelle becomes ____

A

asterion

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23
Q

suture obliteration occurs around the age of ____

A

30-40 years

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24
Q

what is a metopic suture?

A

persistent frontal suture instead of fusing to form 1 frontal bone

25
Q

premature suture closure occurs in ____ births

A

1 in 2000

26
Q

what is craniosynostosis?

A

premature suture closure

27
Q

what is scaphocephaly?

A
  • premature closure of sagittal suture
  • increased A-P dimension
28
Q

what is oxycephaly/turricephaly?

A
  • premature coronal suture closure
  • increased S-I dimension
29
Q

what is plagiocephaly?

A
  • premature closure of coronal or lambdoidal suture on one side only
  • twisted or asymmetrical skull shape
30
Q

name the 4 pneumatic sinuses

A

frontal
maxillary
sphenoidal
ethmoidal

31
Q

name the components of the scalp

A
  • Skin
  • Connective tissue (dense), blood vessels & nn
  • Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis
  • Loose areolar tissue
  • Pericranium/periosteum
32
Q

name the 3 cranial meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

33
Q

what are the 2 sublayers of dura mater?

A

external periosteal
internal meningeal

34
Q

what is the space below the arachnoid mater and what are the fibers that protrude from this space into dura mater?

A
  • subarachnoid space
  • arachnoid granulations
35
Q

name 4 dural folds

A
  • falx cerebri
  • tentorium cerebelli
  • falx cerebelli
  • diaphragma sellae
36
Q

location of falx cerebri

A
  • runs in longitudinal cerebral fissure
  • crista galli to internal occipital protuberance
37
Q

location of tentorium cerebelli

A

between occipital lobes & cerebellum

38
Q

location of falx cerebelli

A

separates cerebellar hemispheres

39
Q

location of diaphragma sellae

A

roof over hypophyseal fossa (covers pituitary gland)

40
Q

what creates venous sinuses?

A

sinuses between dural layers

41
Q

name 3 venous sinuses

A
  • superior sagittal sinus
  • inferior sagittal sinus
  • confluence of sinuses
42
Q

location of superior sagittal sinus

A

superior border of falx cerebri

43
Q

location of inferior sagittal sinus

A

inferior border of falx cerebri

44
Q

what forms the confluence of sinuses?

A

union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein

45
Q

name the 3 paired venous sinuses

A
  • transverse
  • sigmoid
  • cavernous
46
Q

which venous sinus is located lateral to sella turcica?

A

cavernous

47
Q

the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus lead from the confluence of sinuses to the ____

A

jugular foramen

48
Q

where does the pituitary gland rest in the skull?

A

hypophyseal fossa

49
Q

what structures run through the area of the cavernous sinus?

A
  • CN III, IV, V1 (opthlalmic), V2 (maxillary), VI
  • internal carotid a
50
Q

name 4 areas that the cavernous sinus communicates with

A
  • orbit
  • face
  • meninges
  • brain
51
Q

innervation of the scalp

A
  • CN V
  • ventral & dorsal rami of C2-C3
52
Q

innervation of dura

A

meningeal branches of CN V, CN X, and dorsal rami of C2-C3

53
Q

name the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A
  • ophthalmic (V1)
  • maxillary (V2)
  • mandibular (V3)
54
Q

what ganglion is associated with CN V?

A

trigeminal

55
Q

the basilar artery is formed by the joining of the ____ and ____ arteries

A

right and left vertebral

56
Q

the middle meningeal artery is a branch of the ____

A

maxillary a

57
Q

arterial supply of the scalp

A
  • supratrochlear
  • supraorbital
  • superficial temporal
  • posterior auricular
  • occipital
58
Q

the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries originate from what artery?

A

internal carotid

59
Q

the superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital arteries originate from what artery?

A

external carotid

NYCC Gross Anatomy 3 (27 decks)

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