Cranial Cavity

Question 1

the neurocranium is composed of how many bones?

Answer 1

8 (2 paired, 4 unpaired)

Question 2

name the 4 unpaired bones of the neurocranium

Answer 2

occipital
frontal
sphenoid
ethmoid

Question 3

name the 2 paired bones of the neurocranium

Answer 3

temporal
parietal

Question 4

what are the 2 components of the neurocranium?

Answer 4

calvaria
cranial base

Question 5

the calvaria forms via ____ ossification

Answer 5

intramembranous

Question 6

the cranial base forms via ____ ossification

Answer 6

endochondral

Question 7

how many bones make up the viscerocranium?

Answer 7

15 (6 paired, 3 unpaired)

Question 8

the viscerocranium forms via ____ ossification

Answer 8

intramembranous

Question 9

the viscerocranium froms from mesenchyme of ____

Answer 9

pharyngeal arches

Question 10

name the 6 paired bones of the viscerocranium

Answer 10

maxilla
inf nasal chonchae
zygomatic
palatine
nasal
lacrimal

Question 11

name the 3 unpaired bones of the viscerocranium

Answer 11

mandible
ethmoid (internal portions)
vomer

Question 12

internal and external cortical bone tables are separated by ____

Answer 12

diploe trabecular bone

Question 13

what are buttresses?

Answer 13

thicker areas of cranial bone help transmit forces around weaker areas of bone

Question 14

where are the cranial walls thinner?

Answer 14

where muscles cover the skull
(thinnest at Pterion)

Question 15

name 2 specific fractures that occur in the face

Answer 15

• Le Fort (maxilla)
• Mandible

Question 16

the face makes up ____ of the cranium in children, and ____ in adults

Answer 16

1/8
1/3

Question 17

name 3 components of the face that change in size after birth

Answer 17

sinuses
teeth
nose

Question 18

name the 4 fontanelles of the cranium

Answer 18

anterior
posterior
sphenoidal
mastoidal

Question 19

the anterior fontanelle becomes ____

Answer 19

bregma

Question 20

the posterior fontanelle becomes ____

Answer 20

lambda

Question 21

the sphenoidal fontanelle becomes ____

Answer 21

pterion

Question 22

the mastoidal fontanelle becomes ____

Answer 22

asterion

Question 23

suture obliteration occurs around the age of ____

Answer 23

30-40 years

Question 24

what is a metopic suture?

Answer 24

persistent frontal suture instead of fusing to form 1 frontal bone

Question 25

premature suture closure occurs in ____ births

Answer 25

1 in 2000

Question 26

what is craniosynostosis?

Answer 26

premature suture closure

Question 27

what is scaphocephaly?

Answer 27

- premature closure of sagittal suture - increased A-P dimension

Question 28

what is oxycephaly/turricephaly?

Answer 28

- premature coronal suture closure - increased S-I dimension

Question 29

what is plagiocephaly?

Answer 29

- premature closure of coronal or lambdoidal suture on one side only - twisted or asymmetrical skull shape

Question 30

name the 4 pneumatic sinuses

Answer 30

frontal maxillary sphenoidal ethmoidal

Question 31

name the components of the scalp

Answer 31

- Skin - Connective tissue (dense), blood vessels & nn - Aponeurosis of occipitofrontalis - Loose areolar tissue - Pericranium/periosteum

Question 32

name the 3 cranial meninges

Answer 32

dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater

Question 33

what are the 2 sublayers of dura mater?

Answer 33

external periosteal internal meningeal

Question 34

what is the space below the arachnoid mater and what are the fibers that protrude from this space into dura mater?

Answer 34

- subarachnoid space - arachnoid granulations

Question 35

name 4 dural folds

Answer 35

- falx cerebri - tentorium cerebelli - falx cerebelli - diaphragma sellae

Question 36

location of falx cerebri

Answer 36

- runs in longitudinal cerebral fissure - crista galli to internal occipital protuberance

Question 37

location of tentorium cerebelli

Answer 37

between occipital lobes & cerebellum

Question 38

location of falx cerebelli

Answer 38

separates cerebellar hemispheres

Question 39

location of diaphragma sellae

Answer 39

roof over hypophyseal fossa (covers pituitary gland)

Question 40

what creates venous sinuses?

Answer 40

sinuses between dural layers

Question 41

name 3 venous sinuses

Answer 41

- superior sagittal sinus - inferior sagittal sinus - confluence of sinuses

Question 42

location of superior sagittal sinus

Answer 42

superior border of falx cerebri

Question 43

location of inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 43

inferior border of falx cerebri

Question 44

what forms the confluence of sinuses?

Answer 44

union of inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein

Question 45

name the 3 paired venous sinuses

Answer 45

- transverse - sigmoid - cavernous

Question 46

which venous sinus is located lateral to sella turcica?

Answer 46

cavernous

Question 47

the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus lead from the confluence of sinuses to the ____

Answer 47

jugular foramen

Question 48

where does the pituitary gland rest in the skull?

Answer 48

hypophyseal fossa

Question 49

what structures run through the area of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 49

- CN III, IV, V1 (opthlalmic), V2 (maxillary), VI - internal carotid a

Question 50

name 4 areas that the cavernous sinus communicates with

Answer 50

- orbit - face - meninges - brain

Question 51

innervation of the scalp

Answer 51

- CN V - ventral & dorsal rami of C2-C3

Question 52

innervation of dura

Answer 52

meningeal branches of CN V, CN X, and dorsal rami of C2-C3

Question 53

name the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Answer 53

- ophthalmic (V1) - maxillary (V2) - mandibular (V3)

Question 54

what ganglion is associated with CN V?

Answer 54

trigeminal

Question 55

the basilar artery is formed by the joining of the ____ and ____ arteries

Answer 55

right and left vertebral

Question 56

the middle meningeal artery is a branch of the ____

Answer 56

maxillary a

Question 57

arterial supply of the scalp

Answer 57

- supratrochlear - supraorbital - superficial temporal - posterior auricular - occipital

Question 58

the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries originate from what artery?

Answer 58

internal carotid

Question 59

the superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital arteries originate from what artery?

Answer 59

external carotid