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PE > Stuff I Don't Know P1 > Flashcards

Stuff I Don't Know P1 Flashcards

1
Q

What physical adaptations do skeletal muscles have after long-term flexibility training?

A
  • Inhibition to stretch reflex - muscle spindles lengthen
  • Muscles stretch further before stretch reflex limits flexibility
  • ↑ resting length of skeletal muscle
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2
Q

How does altitude training affect body?

A
  • ↑ manufacture red blood cells
  • ↑ haemoglobin conc. in blood flowing to active tissue - ↑ O2 carrying capacity of blood
  • ↓ plasma vol (slower long term adaptation)
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3
Q

Whats equation for THR?

A

HRrest + (required %) x HRmaxR

HRmaxR = HRmax - HRrest

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4
Q

Toppling

A

Caused weight acting vertically at CoM - cartwheel

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5
Q

How do you remember order of vertbral column?

A

Collin Thought Lucy Supported Chelsea

Cevical Thorasic Lumber Sacrum Coccyx

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6
Q

Stability

A
  • State equilibrium
  • Ability body resist motion + remain at rest
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7
Q

Net Force

A

Sum all diff vectors

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8
Q

Eccentric Phase

A
  • Preloading muscle groups
  • Storing elastic energy
  • Muscle spindles stimulated - stretched sends singal to spinal cord
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9
Q

Equation Ventilation

A

Tidal volume x frequecency

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10
Q

Balance

A

CoM over base support

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11
Q

Fixator muscle

A
  • Muscles that stabilises orgin of joint
  • Eg. core staying strong during horse riding
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12
Q

How do you remember axial skeleton + what is it’s function?

A

Verstappen Stole Sergio’s Visors

Protect vital organs

Vertebral column Skull Sternum Ribs

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13
Q

How do you remember the appendicular skeleton + what is it’s function?

A

Hamilton Stole Leclerc’s Apple

Movement

Hip girdle Shoulder girdle Leg bones Arm bones

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14
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

Vol air inspired/expired form person’s lungs per minute

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15
Q

Synergist muscles

A
  • Muscles work together with other muscles to complete movements
  • Eg. Pectoralis major, triceps brachii + deltoids all work together whrn doing push ups
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16
Q

Name the two main types of muscle fibres + give a characteristic of each

A
  • Slow twitch (Type 1) - High endurance, fatigue-resistant
  • Fast twitch (Type 2) - Powerful contractions, fatigues quickly
17
Q

Explain term ‘stroke volume’

A
  • Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle per beat
  • Increased during exercise to meet O2 demands
18
Q

Name X3 planes of movement + provide an example of sporting action for each

A
  • Sagittal - running
  • Frontal - star jump
  • Transverse - discus throw
19
Q

Explain difference bt/w tidal volume + vital capacity

A
  • Tidal volume - normal amount air inhaled/exhaled per breath
  • Vital capacity - max. vol of air exhaled after full inhalation
20
Q

Explain role of propriocepters

A
  • Sensory receptors in muscles + joints that detact body position + movement
  • Help with balance + coordination during activity
21
Q

Define term ‘antagonistic muscle pair’

A

A pair of muscles where one contracts while other relaxes to produce movement

22
Q

Define structure + function of tendons

A
  • Structure - tough, fibrious connective tissue
  • Function - connects muscle to bone transmitting force to produce movement
23
Q

Describe structure + function of ligaments

A
  • Structure - strong, fibrous connective tissue
  • Function - connects bone to bone providing joint stability
24
Q

What difference bt/w hing joint + ball and socket?

A
  • Hinge - movement in one plane eg. elbow
  • Ball + Socket - movement in multiple planes eg. shoulder
25
Q

Define muscle origin + muscle insertion

A
  • Origin - fixed attachment point
  • Insertion - point where muscle attaches to bone that moves
26
Q

Whats the function of synovial fluid?

A
  • Reduces friction
  • Nourishes joint structure
27
Q

List X2 adaptations of skeletal system resulting from long-term exercise

A
  • Increased bone density
  • Stronger ligaments
28
Q

Define ‘moment of force’ + whats equation?

A
  • Turning effect of force
  • Moment = force x perpendicular distance
29
Q

Explain ‘projectile motion’

A
  • Path of an object influenced by angle of release, speed + air resistance
30
Q

What is difference bt/w internal + external respiration?

A
  • Internal - gas exchange in tissues
  • External - gas exchange in lungs
31
Q

Define ‘tidal volume’ + state typical value at rest.

A
  • Amount air inhaled/exhaled per breath
  • 500ml
32
Q

What is Bohr effect, how does it benefit athletes?

A
  • Haemoglobin releases more oxygen at higher CO2 levels
  • Helps with intense exercise
33
Q

What is meant by ‘oxygen debt’?

A

Oxygen required to restore body to resting state after exercise

34
Q

How is CO2 transported in blood?

A
  • Dissolved in plasma
  • Bound to haemoglobin
  • Or as bicarbonate
35
Q

What is the difference bt/w systolic + diastolyic blood pressure?

A
  • Systolic - pressure during contraction
  • Diastolyic - pressure during relaxation

Standard value - 120/80

PE (16 decks)

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