Stuff I Don't Know P1 Flashcards
What physical adaptations do skeletal muscles have after long-term flexibility training?
- Inhibition to stretch reflex - muscle spindles lengthen
- Muscles stretch further before stretch reflex limits flexibility
- ↑ resting length of skeletal muscle
How does altitude training affect body?
- ↑ manufacture red blood cells
- ↑ haemoglobin conc. in blood flowing to active tissue - ↑ O2 carrying capacity of blood
- ↓ plasma vol (slower long term adaptation)
Whats equation for THR?
HRrest + (required %) x HRmaxR
HRmaxR = HRmax - HRrest
Toppling
Caused weight acting vertically at CoM - cartwheel
How do you remember order of vertbral column?
Collin Thought Lucy Supported Chelsea
Cevical Thorasic Lumber Sacrum Coccyx
Stability
- State equilibrium
- Ability body resist motion + remain at rest
Net Force
Sum all diff vectors
Eccentric Phase
- Preloading muscle groups
- Storing elastic energy
- Muscle spindles stimulated - stretched sends singal to spinal cord
Equation Ventilation
Tidal volume x frequecency
Balance
CoM over base support
Fixator muscle
- Muscles that stabilises orgin of joint
- Eg. core staying strong during horse riding
How do you remember axial skeleton + what is it’s function?
Verstappen Stole Sergio’s Race
Protect vital organs
Vertebral column Skull Sternum Ribs
How do you remember the appendicular skeleton + what is it’s function?
Hamilton Stole Leclerc’s Apple
Movement
Hip girdle Shoulder girdle Leg bones Arm bones
What is minute ventilation?
Vol air inspired/expired form person’s lungs per minute
Synergist muscles
- Muscles work together with other muscles to complete movements
- Eg. Pectoralis major, triceps brachii + deltoids all work together whrn doing push ups
Name the two main types of muscle fibres + give a characteristic of each
- Slow twitch (Type 1) - High endurance, fatigue-resistant
- Fast twitch (Type 2) - Powerful contractions, fatigues quickly
Explain term ‘stroke volume’
- Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle per beat
- Increased during exercise to meet O2 demands
Name X3 planes of movement + provide an example of sporting action for each
- Sagittal - running
- Frontal - star jump
- Transverse - discus throw
Explain difference bt/w tidal volume + vital capacity
- Tidal volume - normal amount air inhaled/exhaled per breath
- Vital capacity - max. vol of air exhaled after full inhalation
Explain role of propriocepters
- Sensory receptors in muscles + joints that detact body position + movement
- Help with balance + coordination during activity
Define term ‘antagonistic muscle pair’
A pair of muscles where one contracts while other relaxes to produce movement
Define structure + function of tendons
- Structure - tough, fibrious connective tissue
- Function - connects muscle to bone transmitting force to produce movement
Describe structure + function of ligaments
- Structure - strong, fibrous connective tissue
- Function - connects bone to bone providing joint stability
What difference bt/w hing joint + ball and socket?
- Hinge - movement in one plane eg. elbow
- Ball + Socket - movement in multiple planes eg. shoulder
Define muscle origin + muscle insertion
- Origin - fixed attachment point
- Insertion - point where muscle attaches to bone that moves
Whats the function of synovial fluid?
- Reduces friction
- Nourishes joint structure
List X2 adaptations of skeletal system resulting from long-term exercise
- Increased bone density
- Stronger ligaments
Define ‘moment of force’ + whats equation?
- Turning effect of force
- Moment = force x perpendicular distance
Explain ‘projectile motion’
- Path of an object influenced by angle of release, speed + air resistance
What is difference bt/w internal + external respiration?
- Internal - gas exchange in tissues
- External - gas exchange in lungs
Define ‘tidal volume’ + state typical value at rest.
- Amount air inhaled/exhaled per breath
- 500ml
What is Bohr effect, how does it benefit athletes?
- Haemoglobin releases more oxygen at higher CO2 levels
- Helps with intense exercise
What is meant by ‘oxygen debt’?
Oxygen required to restore body to resting state after exercise
How is CO2 transported in blood?
- Dissolved in plasma
- Bound to haemoglobin
- Or as bicarbonate
What is the difference bt/w systolic + diastolyic blood pressure?
- Systolic - pressure during contraction
- Diastolyic - pressure during relaxation
Standard value - 120/80
