C12 - Guidance & Feedback Flashcards
What is visual guidance?
Definition: Demonstrating a skill or providing visual aids to help learners understand the movement.
Pros: Useful for beginners, creates a clear mental image, and simplifies complex skills.
Cons: May not convey subtle movements; relies on the learner’s ability to replicate the action.
Example: A coach demonstrating a tennis serve or using a video replay.
What is verbal guidance?
Definition: Giving spoken instructions, cues, or feedback to help the learner perform a skill.
Pros: Quick, can explain strategies and tactics, effective alongside other guidance.
Cons: May confuse beginners if too detailed; less effective for complex skills without visuals.
Example: A coach instructing a swimmer on arm positioning during freestyle.
What is manual guidance?
Definition: Physically moving or supporting the learner to help them experience the correct movement.
Pros: Builds confidence, useful for beginners or dangerous skills, develop kinaesthetic feel
Cons: Can create dependency, doesn’t always feel natural
Example: A coach helping a gymnast perform a handspring by supporting their body.
What is mechanical guidance?
Definition: Using equipment or aids to assist the learner in performing a skill.
Pros: Increases safety, builds confidence, useful for beginners.
Cons: Can lead to over-reliance, affect performers interal feedback loop
Example: Using a harness in rock climbing or a float in swimming.
What is intrinsic feedback?
Definition: Feedback from the performer’s own sensory experiences + own reflection
Pros: Immediate, develops kinaesthetic awareness, critical for experienced athletes.
Cons: Beginners may not recognize correct or incorrect movements.
Example: A gymnast feeling if they landed a vault correctly.
What is extrinsic feedback?
Definition: Feedback provided by an external source, such as a coach or video.
Pros: Useful for beginners, provides precise information.
Cons: Over-reliance can reduce intrinsic feedback development, doesn’t create kinaesthetic feel
Example: A coach correcting a swimmer’s arm movement.
What is knowledge of performance?
Definition: Feedback on how a skill or movement was performed.
Pros: Helps refine technique, essential for advanced skills.
Cons: Can overwhelm beginners with too much detail.
Example: A coach providing feedback on a sprinter’s stride technique.
What is knowledge of results?
Definition: Feedback about the outcome or result of a performance.
Pros: Motivates performers, especially beginners; straightforward.
Cons: Doesn’t provide insight into how to improve technique, poor results could demotivate
Example: Telling a footballer they scored a goal but not discussing the technique.
What is positive feedback?
Definition: Reinforcing what was done well in a performance.
Pros: Builds confidence, increases motivation, reinforces successful behaviour
Cons: May lead to complacency if used exclusively, over confident
Example: Praising a sprinter for a good start off the blocks.
What is negative feedback?
Definition: Highlighting what went wrong and how to improve.
Pros: Improves technique, useful for experienced performers.
Cons: May demotivate beginners if overly critical.
Example: Telling a tennis player their grip was incorrect during a serve.
What is terminal feedback?
Definition: Feedback given after a performance is completed.
Pros: Allows full focus during the skill; provides detailed analysis.
Cons: Delay doesn’t promote intrinsic feedback or build understanding, could be to late
Example: A coach reviewing a game with a footballer after the match.
What is concurrent feedback?
Definition: Feedback given during the performance of a skill.
Pros: Immediate corrections, useful for continuous skills.
Cons: May distract performer, less effective for complex tasks.
Example: A swimming coach shouting instructions during a race.
What is open loop control (Level 1)?
Definition: No conscious thought, descion is pre-made by brain
When is it used? For fast, discrete movements that are too rapid for feedback to be used.
Pros: Quick and efficient for simple, well-learned skills.
Cons: No room for adjustments during the movement, prone to errors if conditions change.
Example: A tennis serve or a dart throw.
What is closed loop control (Level 2)?
Definition: Feedback internal + gathered through proprioception + kinaesthetic (feedback only from muscles)
When is it used? For slower or continuous movements where adjustments are possible.
Pros: Allows for accuracy and correction, useful for dynamic environments.
Cons: Slower than open loop due to reliance on feedback; less effective for fast movements.
Example: Controlling the stroke during freestyle swimming.
What is closed loop control (Level 3)?
Definition: Feedback via ** brain**, longer feedback loop, feedback external
When is it used? For learning new skills or refining complex movements over time.
Pros: Enhances skill learning, helps build muscle memory, useful beginners
Cons: Time-intensive, requires significant cognitive and sensory processing.
Example: Passing in netball, return in tennis
