C17 - Equality, Diversity + Migration Flashcards
What are the limits to participation for disabled athletes?
Physical Barriers: Limited access to adapted facilities and equipment.
Social Barriers: Stereotypes and lack of understanding.
Economic Barriers: High costs of specialized equipment and coaching.
Structural Barriers: Fewer events, competitions, or opportunities.
Media Representation: Limited visibility of disabled athletes in mainstream media.
What is Active Alliance?
A UK organization focused on increasing opportunities for disabled people to participate in sport and physical activity.
Works with partners to improve accessibility, challenge negative perceptions, and promote inclusion.
What is the history of the Paralympic Games?
- Originated in 1948 with the Stoke Mandeville Games for WWII veterans with spinal injuries.
- First official Paralympics held in 1960 in Rome.
- Grown to include a wide range of disabilities and sports.
- Part of the global parasport movement, which promotes equality and inclusion in sport.
- 400 athletes in Rome 1960 - 4,237 in London 2012
What are the Invictus Games?
- An international sporting event for wounded, injured, and sick servicemen and women.
- Founded by Prince Harry in 2014.
- Aims to use sport as a form of recovery, inspire recovery, and generate awareness for injured military personnel.
What were past barriers to participation for women in sport?
- Lack of access to facilities and sports teams.
- Stereotypes that sport is ‘unfeminine.’
- Social norms discouraging women from being competitive.
- Limited media coverage of women’s sports.
- Lack of role models and funding.
What are current barriers and improvements for women in sport?
Current Barriers:
* Pay disparities compared to male athletes.
* Unequal media representation.
* Limited leadership roles in sport.
* Negative stereotypes still persist.
Improvements:
* Increased investment in women’s sport.
* Campaigns like ‘This Girl Can.’
* Better media coverage (e.g., FIFA Women’s World Cup).
* More role models inspiring young girls.
What examples and initiatives have increased women’s participation in sport?
** Examples:** Serena Williams, Megan Rapinoe, Simone Biles, and Dina Asher-Smith.
Initiatives:
* ‘This Girl Can’ campaign.
* Increased funding for grassroots women’s sport.
* Equality in prize money for some major events (e.g., Wimbledon).
Why do athletes migrate?
- Economic Reasons: Higher salaries and better sponsorship deals.
- Geographical Reasons: Access to better facilities, coaching or climate
- Political Reasons: Escape from conflict or discrimination.
What is the Bosman ruling?
- A 1995 European Court of Justice decision allowing free movement of players after contracts expire.
- Banned quotas for foreign players in EU leagues.
- Increased player power and freedom in the transfer market.
What is transfer of allegiance?
Athletes switching national representation, often for better opportunities or resources.
Regulated by rules (e.g., minimum waiting periods).
What is Rule 41 of the Olympic Charter?
- Governs athlete eligibility for representing a country in the Olympics.
- Athletes must hold citizenship of the country they represent.
- Ensures fair competition and prevents exploitation of athletes.
What are the benefits of migration in sport?
- Athlete Development: Access to better coaching, facilities, and competition improves skills and performance.
- Economic Opportunities: Higher wages, sponsorship deals, and endorsements boost athletes’ income.
- Cultural Exchange: Promotes diversity and innovation in sports techniques and tactics.
- Globalization of Sport: Broadens the fan base and creates a more inclusive, worldwide appeal for sports.
- Enhanced Competition: High-level talent from around the world raises the quality of leagues and competitions.
- Opportunities for Athletes from Developing Nations: Provides pathways for athletes from underprivileged regions to succeed internationally.
What are the disadvantages of migration in sport?
- Brain Drain: Developing countries lose top talent, weakening local leagues and sports infrastructure.
- Cultural and Language Barriers: Athletes may struggle to adapt to new environments, affecting performance.
- Reduced Local Opportunities: Local athletes may face fewer opportunities due to competition from international talent.
- Financial Disparities: Wealthier nations benefit disproportionately, leading to unequal competition on the global stage.
- Exploitation Risks: Migrant athletes, especially young ones, may face exploitation by agents or clubs.
- Impact on Identity and Loyalty: Frequent transfers or changes in national allegiance can erode local or national connections.
