C2 - Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is a lever?

A

A lever is a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point called the fulcrum to move a load with the application of force (effort).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of a lever system?

A

Fulcrum, Load, and Effort. The position of these components defines the type of lever.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you remember the orders of the components of levers?

A

123
FLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the position of the fulcrum affect the type of lever?

A

The position of the fulcrum relative to the load and effort determines whether a lever is first, second, or third class.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is mechanical advantage in a lever system?

A

Mechanical advantage is the ability of a lever to amplify the force applied. It depends on the relative distances of the load, effort, and fulcrum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the mechanical advantage affect the movement of a lever?

A

A greater mechanical advantage allows for a greater force to move a load with less effort, while a lower mechanical advantage allows for greater speed and range of motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion?

A

Law of Inertia: An object will stay at rest, or move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Newton’s First Law apply to sports performance?

A

Athletes must apply an external force to overcome inertia, such as pushing off the starting blocks in a sprint or changing direction in football.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law of Motion?

A

Law of Acceleration: The force on an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration (F = ma).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Newton’s Second Law relate to performance in sport?

A

The amount of force generated by an athlete determines their acceleration, meaning that for a given mass, higher force leads to faster acceleration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

A

Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Newton’s Third Law apply in sport?

A

When a sprinter pushes off the ground, the ground pushes back with an equal force, propelling the athlete forward.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is stability?

A
  • State of equilibrium
  • Ability of body to resist motion/remain at rest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors affect stability?

A
  1. Base of Support
  2. Centre of Mass
  3. Mass
  4. Posture/Alignment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the centre of mass affect stability?

A

The lower the centre of mass and the closer it is to the base of support, the more stable the body is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What role does posture play in maintaining stability?

A

Proper posture ensures that the centre of mass stays over the base of support, enhancing balance.

17
Q

How does increasing the mass of a body affect stability?

A

A greater mass increases stability by providing more resistance to being displaced from a balanced position.

18
Q

How does the base of support influence stability?

A

A larger base of support (e.g., a wider stance) increases stability, while a smaller base makes it easier to lose balance.

19
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

The centre of mass is the point at which an object’s mass is evenly distributed. It is the balance point of an object.

20
Q

How does the centre of mass affect balance?

A

Balance is maintained when the centre of mass is kept within or near the base of support.

21
Q

How does body position affect the centre of mass?

A

A person’s centre of mass can shift depending on their posture (e.g., standing vs. crouching). Lowering the centre of mass improves stability.

22
Q

How can athletes control their centre of mass during sport?

A

Athletes control their centre of mass by adjusting body posture, such as lowering the body in a sprint start or a diving position.

23
Q

How does the centre of mass affect sports like gymnastics and diving?

A

Gymnasts and divers shift their centre of mass to control rotations and maintain stability during aerial movements.

24
Q

How can the centre of mass change during movement?

A

The centre of mass moves as the body changes posture or as different body parts move in relation to one another (e.g., running, jumping).

25
Q

What is a first-class lever and its advantages?

A

A first-class lever has the fulcrum between the load and the effort.

Example: The neck during flexion and extension - heading a football.
Advantage: Can provide either mechanical advantage or disadvantage

26
Q

What is a second-class lever and its advantages?

A

A second-class lever has the load between the fulcrum and the effort.

Example: A calf raise.
Advantage: Provides a mechanical advantage, requiring less force to move a greater load.

27
Q

What is a third-class lever and its advantages?

A

A third-class lever has the effort between the fulcrum and the load.

Example: A bicep curl.
Advantage: Provides speed and range of motion, but at a mechanical disadvantage.

28
Q

What is the equation for mechanical advantage?

A

MA = effort arm / load arm