C16 - Emergence + Development of Modern Day Sport Flashcards
What was sport like for the rural upper class in pre-industrial England?
- Characteristics: Exclusive, sophisticated, and rules-based activities.
- Examples: Hunting, real tennis, archery.
- Features: Leisurely pace, access to resources, and influenced by status.
What was sport like for the rural lower class in pre-industrial England?
- Characteristics: Simple, physical, and local sports, reflecting their harsh lifestyles.
- Examples: Mob football, bare-knuckle fighting.
- Features: Few rules, violent, often played during festivals or holy days.
What is popular recreation?
- Definition: Simple, traditional games and sports played by the lower class in pre-industrial England.
- Examples: Cockfighting, mob football.
- Features: Localized, violent, irregular, and tied to community identity.
What was the role of factory teams in sport development?
- Role: Factory owners formed teams to promote discipline, teamwork, and loyalty.
- Impact: Created a link between sport and industrial workers (e.g., Manchester United).
How did the press impact the development of sport?
- Role: Popularized sports by reporting results and creating heroes.
- Impact: Increased spectatorship, advertising, and commercialization of sport.
What was the impact of urbanization on sport?
- Improvements: Better transport enabled regional competitions.
- Challenges: Overcrowding limited space for sports, but parks and purpose-built facilities were introduced.
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on sport?
- Negative: Initially reduced leisure time and energy for sports.
- Positive: Improved wages, transport, and more structured leisure time led to increased participation - due to the 1847 Factory Act
How did factories provide for sport?
- Examples: Factory teams, funding for facilities, and organized competitions.
- Impact: Promoted health, morale, and productivity.
What is rational recreation?
- Definition: Sport became codified, respectful, and structured.
- 10 Rs: Regular, rules & regulations, roles & responsibilities, regional, respectable, rights, religion, run
What were the differences between gentleman amateurs and working-class professionals?
- Gentleman Amateur: Played for honor, leisure, and without pay.
- Working-Class Professional: Paid to play; needed to support themselves.
- Impact: Class division and professionalism debates in sport.
How did the church impact sport?
- Role: Promoted healthy recreation through sports clubs.
- Impact: Improved moral behavior and attracted workers to church activities.
What is the contract to compete?
- Definition: The unwritten agreement to abide by the rules, respect opponents, and uphold sportsmanship.
- Impact: Promoted fairness and integrity.
What is the role of corporations in sport?
- Role: Sponsorship, branding, and funding of events and athletes.
- Impact: Increased commercialization and professionalization of sport.
What was the role of public schools in Stage 1 of sport development?
- Stage 1: Boy Culture
- Sports and games were informal and unruly.
- Violence, bullying, and disorganization were common.
- Impact: Laid the foundation for the later development of structured and regulated games.
What was the role of public schools in Stage 2 of sport development?
- Stage 2: Athleticism
- Encouraged physical and moral development through sport.
- Sports became formalized, competitive, and disciplined.
- Promoted teamwork and leadership qualities.
- Clarendon Report (1864): Highlighted the benefits of physical activity and organized sports in public schools.
- Thomas Arnold & Muscular Christianity: Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School, promoted muscular Christianity (moral and physical excellence). Sports were seen as a way to instill Christian values, discipline, and teamwork.
