C6 - Attribution Theory, Confidence, Self-Efficency + Leadership Flashcards
1
Q
What is Weiner’s Attribution Theory?
A
- Explanation: A theory that explains how individuals interpret the causes of their success or failure in sports.
- Attribution Dimensions:
1. Locus of Causality: Internal (e.g., effort) vs. External (e.g., weather).
2. Stability: Stable (e.g., ability) vs. Unstable (e.g., luck).
3. Controllability: Controllable (e.g., practice) vs. Uncontrollable (e.g., referee decisions). - Application: Coaches should promote internal, controllable, and unstable attributions to motivate athletes.
2
Q
What is stability in attribution theory?
A
- Explanation: Refers to whether the cause of success or failure is stable (e.g., natural ability) or unstable (e.g., effort).
- Impact on Motivation: Stable attributions can reinforce future expectations of success, while unstable attributions encourage focus on effort and improvement.
3
Q
What is attribution retraining?
A
- Explanation: A psychological strategy that helps athletes shift negative attributions (e.g., blaming failure on ability) to positive, controllable attributions (e.g., effort).
- Benefits: Improves motivation, resilience, and performance.
- Example: A coach reframing failure as a result of insufficient practice instead of lack of talent.
4
Q
What is the self-serving bias?
A
- Explanation: The tendency to attribute successes to internal factors (e.g., effort) and failures to external factors (e.g., bad luck).
- Benefit: Protects self-esteem and maintains motivation.
- Risk: May lead to a lack of accountability for performance improvements.
5
Q
What is learned helplessness?
A
- Explanation: A psychological state where athletes believe failure is inevitable and beyond their control.
- Causes: Frequent failures, negative feedback, or attributing failure to stable, internal factors (e.g., lack of ability).
- Effects: Low motivation, confidence, and performance.
- Solution: Attribution retraining and positive reinforcement.
6
Q
What is confidence in sports?
A
- Explanation: The belief in one’s ability to perform a task successfully.
- Importance: Enhances motivation, reduces anxiety, and improves performance.
- Factors Influencing Confidence: Previous success, verbal encouragement, and physical/mental preparation.
7
Q
What is self-concept?
A
- Explanation: An individual’s perception of their own abilities and identity.
- Components:
1. Self-esteem: General self-worth.
2. Self-image: How one views themselves.
3. Ideal self: The person they aspire to be. - Impact: Positive self-concept enhances confidence and performance in sports.
8
Q
What is Vealey’s Model of Sports Confidence?
A
- Explanation: A model proposing that sports confidence is influenced by:
1. Trait Sport Confidence: Innate confidence in ability.
2. State Sport Confidence: Confidence in a specific situation.
3. Competitive Orientation: How motivated an athlete is to achieve success. - Outcome: High state sport confidence enhances performance.
9
Q
What is state sport confidence?
A
- Explanation: The confidence an athlete feels in a specific situation.
- Influences: Preparation, feedback, and recent performance.
- Example: A sprinter feeling confident before a race due to successful training sessions.
10
Q
What is Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory?
A
- Explanation: A theory focusing on an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific tasks.
- Sources of Self-Efficacy:
1. Past experiences.
2. Verbal persuasion.
3. Vicarious experiences (observing others).
4. Emotional arousal (stress management). - Impact: High self-efficacy leads to better performance and resilience.
11
Q
What is self-efficacy?
A
- Explanation: The belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a specific task.
- Factors: Past performance, feedback, and preparation.
- Application: Coaches should build athletes’ self-efficacy to enhance confidence and motivation.
12
Q
What is Chelladurai’s Model of Leadership?
A
- Explanation: Proposes effective leadership depends on:
1. Situational characteristics: E.g., group size.
2. Leader characteristics: E.g., leadership style.
3. Member characteristics: E.g., experience level. - Key: Leaders must adapt their style to meet group needs and the situation.
13
Q
What are the styles of leadership?
A
- Autocratic: Leader makes decisions independently; best for beginners or dangerous activities.
- Democratic: Decisions are shared; best for experienced athletes or team settings.
- Laissez-faire: Minimal input; best for highly skilled, independent athletes.
14
Q
What is Fiedler’s Contingency Model?
A
- Explanation: Suggests leadership effectiveness depends on:
1.Relationship with group
2. Demand of task
3. Power + authority of leader - Key: Task-oriented leaders excel in very favorable/unfavorable situations, while person-oriented leaders excel in moderately favorable situations.
15
Q
What are other theories of leadership?
A
- Trait Theory (Great Man Theory): Leaders are born with specific traits.
- Social Learning Theory: Leadership can be learned through actions.
- Interactionist Theory: Leadership is a result of traits and situational factors.
- Transformational Leadership: Inspires followers through vision and motivation.
