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Block One > Study Of The Axial Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Study Of The Axial Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

c7, t13, L7, s3, Cd20; skull mandible, vertebral column, ribs, os penis, sternum

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

thoracic limb, pelvic lim; bones that support the appendages

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3
Q

thoracic limb

A

scapula/ calvical, brachium (humerus, forelimb femur pelvic limb)/ ante brachium, manus (forelimb)

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4
Q

pelvic limb

A

ossa coxarum, thigh/ crus, pes (pelvic limb)

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5
Q

supporting skeleton

A

girdle, supporting column formed by brachium, extremity

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6
Q

laminectomy

A

remove lamina of vertebrae to access spinal cord

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7
Q

formation of vertebral canal

A

formed by lining up of vertebral foramina

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8
Q

spinal cord lies

A

within vertebral canal surrounded by connective tissue coverings (meninges)

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9
Q

vertebrae separate by

A

intervertebral discs

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10
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

where pedicles meet body creates a notch; formed by caudal notch proximal vertebrae and cranial notch of distal vertebrae; space where spinal nerves leave vertebral canal and vessels come in and out (nerves were there bones grew around them)

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11
Q

mammillary process

A

muscle attachment sites; Doral cranial projection of transverse process (T2-T10) or cranial articular process (T11-Cd)

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12
Q

accessory process

A

dorsal caudal projection from projection from pedicles (T5 caudal), project caudally over intervertebral foramen; can press on nerve if not aligned properly

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13
Q

cervical vertebrea

A

C3-C7; short spines, prominent ventral crest on vertebral body; transverse process are two-pronged; transverse foramina in c1-c6 course of vertebral artery and nerve; articular facets article in dorsal/ ventral plane;

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14
Q

cervical vertebrae landmark

A

C6 has prominent ventral lamina of transverse process can use as an imagine landmark

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15
Q

articulations of C3-C7

A

horizontal articulations; tiny synovial joints

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16
Q

atlas

A

C1; transverse processes are very large “wings”; lack spinous process; vertebral artery runs through hole in this vertebrae; large surface are lots of muscle attachments to transverse process; alanto-occipital joint; lateral vertebral forament

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17
Q

alanto-occipital jont

A

cranial articular fovea articulate with occiput at this jt

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18
Q

lateral vertebral forament

A

for passage of C1 & vertebral artery

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19
Q

axis

A

C2; spinous process= prominent ridge; body with a cranial projection= dens; cranial articular surfaces on body lateral to dens

20
Q

dens

A

body with cranial projection; body of c1 that fused with c2 fusion= stabilized by ligaments

21
Q

thoracic vertebrea

A

T1-T13; long spines, short transverse processes; short bodies; cranial and caudal costal fovea for ribs; body articulates with he’d of rib; transverse process articulates with tubercle of rib

22
Q

anticlinical vertebrae

A

T11; spines of vertebrae cr to this = directed caudally; those cd to this directed cranially

23
Q

articular facets between T10 and T11

A

articular facets change orientation between T10-T11 to become oriented in sagittal plane (was horizontal); once you have sagittal articulations you can’t see the articulations well on radiographs anymore

24
Q

costal fovea

A

cranial and caudal fovea come together forming costal fovea

25
Q

head of rib articulation

A

head of rib articulates between fovea and tubercle, articulates with transverse process this forms pivot point for rib

26
Q

lumbar vertebrea

A

L1-L7; relatively short spines; bodies longer than thoracic vertebrae; transverse processes long and directed cranially and ventrolaterally; articular facets are oriented sagittal plane; a lot of muscle attachments on lumbar

27
Q

sacral vertebrea

A

S1-S3; they are fused to form sacrum; have dorsal and ventral foramina, scrum articulates laterally

28
Q

sacroiliac joints

A

articulation of sacrum with ilia; SI jt allows pelvic to relax in large animals

29
Q

dorsal sacral foramina

A

for dorsal branches spinal nn

30
Q

pelvic sacral foramina

A

for ventral branches spinal nn

31
Q

promontory

A

transverse ridge on ventral base

32
Q

ligament

A

connection of bone to bone; usually of connective tissue

33
Q

nucal ligament

A

in dogs NOT cats; goes from C2 to T1

34
Q

supraspinous ligament

A

nuchal ligament continues as supraspinous ligament (forms structural stability)

35
Q

nuchal ligament in horse

A

made of funiculus nuchal and lamina nuchae; funiculus nuchae is dorsal, this goes from occipital bone to T1 the lamina nuchae is deep to this(runs from finical part to vertebrae); this saves energy when lifting the head bc fibers contract back so using connective tissue to aid in lifting the lead as opposed to muscle energy

36
Q

movement in vertebral column

A

cervical, lumbar, and caudal regions of vertebral column have a lot of movement; thorax and sacral region are fairly fixed

37
Q

lesions of vertebral column

A

most likely to occur between transition of stable to more moveable parts of vertebral column

38
Q

longitudinal ligaments

A

there are dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments which run along sides of vertebral disc; d -> v dorsal longitudinal ligament, inter capital ligament, annulus fibrous of intervertebral disc, nucleus pulpous of intervertebral disc, ventral longitudinal ligament; longitudinal ligaments run d and v to disc helping to prevent herniation

39
Q

inter capital ligament

A

between heads to vertebral discs

40
Q

flexion of vertebral column

A

allows galloping to happen

41
Q

bucking

A

extension of vertebral column

42
Q

actions of joint

A

extension, flexion, retrcaation

43
Q

epaxial muscles

A

between sinus and transverse process; medial transversospinalis, intermediate longisimusm, lateral iliocostalis

44
Q

hypaxial muscles

A

non-epaxial muscles in body

45
Q

hypaxial muscles associated with vertebral column

A

cervical region (longus colli, longus capitis) thoracic region (longus colli), lumbar region (psoas major, iliaques muscle= iliopsoas muscle)

46
Q

pelvic diaphgragm

A

coccyges muscle, levato ani muscle

Block One (31 decks)

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