DIsection XIII GI System: Releated Organs, Internal Features And Transitions

Question 1

Crura penis

Answer 1

Penis is attached to left and right aspects of ischiatic arch via crura

Question 2

Obturator foramen

Answer 2

Closed in life by obturator membrane and ext. and int. Obturator muscles that the membrane separates

Question 3

Obturator nerve

Answer 3

Passes through obturator foramen, innervates adductor muscles of hindlimb(motor)(pettiness and gracilis muscles)

Question 4

Ureter

Answer 4

Tubes that connects kidney to the bladder

Question 5

Ductus deferens

Answer 5

Carries spermatozoa from epididymus to to urethra; arises from tail of epydidymus at caudal end of testis and attached to mesorchium by mesoductus deferens accompanied by deferent artery and vein

Question 6

Levator ani muscles

Answer 6

Medial component of pelvic diaphragm (lateral component is the coccygeus muscle); originating on medial edge of body of ilium and dorsal surface of pubis and pelvic symphysis; inserts on caudal vertebrea 3-7

Question 7

Iliac crest

Answer 7

Cranial border (of pelvis?) is arciform more commonly known about iliac crest

Question 8

Ischiatic tuberosities

Answer 8

Thick caudolateral margin of the pelvis

Question 9

Greater trochanters

Answer 9

Top of the femur that fits into the hip joint?

Question 10

Perineum

Answer 10

Area between anus and vulva in female/ scrotum in males

Question 11

Ischiorectal fossae

Answer 11

Wedge shaped space with its base toward perineum and lying between tuberosity of ischium and obturator internus muscle laterally and external anal sphincter and levator ani muscle medially

Question 12

Superficial gluteal

Answer 12

Origin: lateral border of sacrum and 1st cd vertebrea partly by means of sacrotuberous ligament; cranial dorsal iliac spine by means of deep gluteal fascia
Insertion: 3rd trochanter
Innervation: Caudal gluteal nerve
Action: extend hip joint and abduct limb

Question 13

Middle gluteal muscles

Answer 13

Origin: crest and gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: extend and abduct hip joint and rotate pelvic limb medially
Innervation: Cranial gluteal nerve

Question 14

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 14

Consists of fiberous cord between ischiatic tuberosity and the transverse process of the last sacral vertebrea

Question 15

Internal obturator muscle

Answer 15

Origin: symphysis pelvis and dorsal surface of ischium and pubis
Instertion: The trochanteric fossa of the femur
Action: To rotate the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint
Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Question 16

External anal sphincter

Answer 16

Located in the anus, circular muscle that normally maintains constriction; constricts and maintains continence

Question 17

Anal sacs

Answer 17

Located inside the rectum, normally small amount of fluid produced reduced during deification

Question 18

Rectococcygeus muscle

Answer 18

Extends along midline of ventral surface of the tail; involved in raising tail during deffication
Origin: coccygeal vertebrea
Insertion: Rectal longitudinal muscles
Nerve: Inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 19

Emergence of ___ and ___ and ___ from caudomedial border of superfical gluteal muscle lateral to origin of coccygeus from ischiatic spine

Answer 19

Pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery, and vein; course over dorsal surface of internal obturator muscle toward periphery

Question 20

Pudendal nerve

Answer 20

Arises from all 3 sacral nerves; lies lateral to levator ani and coccygeus muscles medial to superfical gluteal muscles and dorsal to internal pudendal vessels; appears superficially in ischiorectal fossa after emerging from medial side of superfical gluteal muscles and courses caudomedially toward pelvic symphysis at ischiatic arch; branches into caudal rectal nerve, perineal nerve, dorsal nerve of the penis

Question 21

Internal pudendal artery

Answer 21

Branches off of internal iliac artery, provides blood to external genitalia

Question 22

Internal pudendal veins

Answer 22

Drain external genitalia, end in internal iliac vein

Question 23

Liver attachment

Answer 23

Held in place by lesser omentum, triangular and coronary ligaments between it and diaphragm

Question 24

Liver lobes

Answer 24

Caudate, right lateral, right medial, quadrate, left medial, left lateral

Question 25

Pancreas made up of

Answer 25

Body left lobe and right lobe

Question 26

Mesenteric lymph nodes

Answer 26

Found dorsally in mesentery of jejunum; HUGE; recieve lymph from large and small intestine filtered by lymph nodes and delivered to cysternea chili that continue into thorax as thoracic duct and return to venous circulation via venous angle

Question 27

Stomach pyloric parts

Answer 27

Pyloric antrum (first part, thin-walled), pyloric canal (narrow), phylorus (muscular sphincter)

Question 28

Gall bladder

Answer 28

Surrounded by right medial lobe, quadrate lobe

Question 29

Cystic duct

Answer 29

Duct of the gall bladder, joins with multiple hepatic ducts directly draining the liver to form bile duct (empties into descending duodenum)

Question 30

Duodenal papillae

Answer 30

Major and minor duodenal papillae, under mucosal surface, these are where bile duct and pancreatic ducts open onto

Question 31

Crus of the diaphragm

Answer 31

Each tendinous attachment and its associated muscular lumbar part of the diaphragm (lumbar attachments of diaphragm L3 and L4)

Question 32

3 openings in the diaphgragm

Answer 32

Aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, caval foramen

Question 33

Vascular lacuna

Answer 33

Point where femoral artery leaves the abdomen to exit hindlimb; located deep and medial to inguinal canal

Question 34

Pelvic inlet

Answer 34

Limited laterally and ventrally by arculate line of the ilium, dorsal boundary is the promontory of the sacrum

Question 35

Pelvic outlet

Answer 35

Bounded ventrally by ischiatic arch; mid dorsally by first caudal vertebrea; laterally by superfical gluteal muscle, muscles of pelvic diaphgragm and sacrotuberous ligament