Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block One > Disection Lab > Flashcards

Disection Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Groups for muscles of thoracic body wall

A

Epaxial, Extrinsic Forelimb Muscles, muscles of ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epaxial muscles

A

Dorsal to transverse process of vertebrae, function to extend vertebral column and help support weight three columns of epaxial muscles lateral iliocostalis system, the intermediate longissimus system, and the medial transversospinalis system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extrinsic forelimb muscles

A

Extend from one attachment along the axial skeleton to another attachment on the bone of the forelimb generally the scapula or humorous. Move limb relative to body or body relative to limb. Ex. Latissimus dorsi, superficial pec, deep pec, serratus ventral is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscles that form muscular sling supporting the trunk

A

Superfical and deep pectoral muscles, latissimus dorsi, and serratus ventralis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Coastal Arch

A

Costal cartilages of 10 11 12th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

The last sternebrea flattened dorsoventrally, caudal end continued by thin plate, xiphoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cutaneous turnci muscle

A

Cutaneous muscles of the neck, thorax, and abdomen The most supperfical muscle of thoracic body wall. Innervation by lateral thoracic nerve (C8,T1) Responsible for making skin twitch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extrinsic limb muscle Digging muscle Lies deep to cutaneous turn I Runs from transverse process of lumbar vertebrea and thoracolumbar fascia to teres major tuberosity of humorous. Innervation- thoracodorsal nerve (C7,C8,T1) Direction-Caudodorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Superfical pectoral muscle

A

Lie on cranial part of sternum and humorous under skin Descending pectoral- smaller, superfical to transverse pectoral Transverse pectoral- arises from first 2 or 3 sternebrea inserts on crest of greater tubercle of humorous, related on deep surface to deep pectoral muscle Origin- first 2 sternebrea, usually part of the third; the fiber opus rap he between adjacent muscles Insertion- whole crest greater tubercle of humorous Action- adduct limb when not weight bearing, prevent adduct on of limb when weight bearing Innervation- Ventral branch of spinal nerves c7 and c8 Direction- medial- lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Deep pectoral muscle

A

Extrinsic limb muscle Originates from the sternum Inserts into lesser tubercle of humorous and on greater tubercle of humorous via aponeurosis Innervation- Caudal pectoral nerves C8 T1 Direction- Caudoventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Serratus Ventralis

A

Fan Shapped, acts as sling to depress scapula and support trunk. Originates from transverse process of cervical vertebrea and from lateral aspects of ventral half of first 7-8 ribs. Attaches to dorsomedial one-third of scapula Innervation- Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and long thoracic nerve (C7) Direction- caudodorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscles of ventilation thorax

A

Scalenus, internal and external intercostal muscles, rectus abdominus, external abdominal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trapezius

A

Extrinsic limb muscle Thoracic and cervicle parts Runs from supraspinous ligament and median raphe of neck to spine of scapula Thoracic part is superfical to dorsal portion of lat dorsi Innervation by accessory spinal nerve (Cranial nerve XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

Originates from last 6 or 7 ribs Terminates at lineal alba and pubic tendon Function: Maintain integrity of abdominal wall and as muscle of expiration Direction- Caudoventrally Medial crus attaches to lineal alba, smaller lateral crus attaches to pelvic brim; Attach by 2 aponeurotic crura the space between the 2 crura forms superfical inguinal ring (Exit of inguinal canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Superfical inguinal ring

A

Aponeurotic crura of external abdominal obliques form this Medial crus attaches to lineal alba Smaller lateral crus attaches to pelvic brim These two crura form exit of inguinal canal ie superfical inguinal ring Vaginal process (outpocketing of peritoneum) leaves abdomen through inguinal canal in female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

Arises with external abdominal oblique from thoracolubar facia caudal to last rib Attach to lineal alba via aponeurosis, this aponeurosis will join that of external abdominal oblique to for external laminate of rectus sheath Direction: Cranioventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

External lamina Formed by the aponeurosis attaching internal abdominal oblique to linea alba and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Linea Alba

A

FIberous cord formed by the midline fusion of the aponeurosis of muscles of abdominal wall. Runs from xiphoid cartilage to carnival end of pelvic symphysis Surgical land mark for ventral midline entry into peritoneal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Abdominal body wall innervation

A

Innervation by caudal intercostal nerves and ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Blood Supply of abdominal wall

A

Cranial epicanthic artery Cranial abdominal artery, Caudal epigastric artery, deep circumflex iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cranial Epigastric artery

A

From internal thoracic artery, branch of subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cranial abdominal artery

A

From common cranial abdominal/ Caudal phrenic trunk, A branch from the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Deep circumflex iliac artery

A

From the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rhomboideus

A

Extrinsic limb muscles, 3 parts names according to osseous attachments Rhomboideus thorasicus- attaches to spinous process of first 7 thoracic vertebrea Rhomboideus cervicus- attaches to median raphe of the neck Rhomboideus capitals- attaches to nucal crest of occipital bone All three parts insert along dorsal border of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Serratus dorsalis

A

Has cranial and Caudal parts Serratus dorsalis cranialis Muscle of inspiration that arises by aponeurosis from thoracolumbar fascia Insert on craniolateral surfaces of ribs Direction- Caudoventral Serratus dorsalis Caudal is Originates from aponeurosis of thoracolumbar fascia Fibers run in cranioventral direction Insert on caudal boarder of last three ribs Function- Draws last 3 ribs caudally during expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Has distinct tendinous intersection that runs transversely. Attaches by aponeurosis to first few ribs and to sternum Attaches caudally to pelvic brim to form pubic tendon In abdominal region covered superficially by external laminitis of rectus sheath (which is formed by aponeuroses of external and internal abdominal obliques) Covered on deep surface by aponeuroses of transvese abdominus Direction- Cranial Caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

Attaches to medial surface of last few ribs and transverse process of lumbar vertebrea Fibers run transversely to attach by aponeuroses to linea alba Aponeurosis of transverse abdominus forms internal lamina of rectus sheath in abdominal region. In pubic region aponeurosis becomes superficial to the rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Three main surgical approaches to peritoneal cavity

A

Ventrally through linea alba, laterally through flank incision, over inguinal rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Surgical approach via linea alba

A

Cuts no muscle fibers only aponeurosis, easier to put back together b/c strength of connective tissue vs frailty of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Flank incision

A

usually for large animals Ideally through grid incisions Caudoventral through external abdominal oblique Cranioventral through internal abdominal oblique Transversely through transversus abdominous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Incision over inguinal ring

A

Done to find cryptorchid testicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Epaxial muscles

A

In cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions these lie between transverse and spinous process of adjacent vertebrea. Function- important in motion and weight bearing Most lateral (and ventral) system is iliocostalis, intermediate is longissimus, most medial and dorsal is transversospinalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Splenius

A

Supperfical epaxial muscle in neck region Muscle is deep to the trapezius, rhomboideus capitis, and serratus dorsalis cranialis. Superfical to semispinalis capitis Attaches caudally in region of third thoracic vertebrea and rostrally in occipitomastoid region of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Longissimus thoracis et lumborum

A

Superfical epaxial muscle. Originates in ilium Iliocostalis and longissimus are fused in lumbar region Craniocaudal direction Muscles are covered by thick thoracolumbar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Visceral (pulmonary) Pleura

A

Serous membrane that intimately covers the surface of each lung in the mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Serous membrane that lines the internal surface of the thoracic cavity Includes Costal parietal pleura, diaphragmatic parietal pleura, and mediastinal parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Costal parietal pleura

A

Lines the thoracic wall along the ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

Covers the thoracic surface of the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Mediastinal parietal pleura

A

Forms the walls of the mediastinum (the central compartment between the two pleural cavities)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Structures in the mediastinum

A

Cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, thymus, aorta, azygous vein, esophogous, trachea, heart, phrenic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Runs from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm, which it innervates (runs from c5,c6,c7). Runs ventral to the hills of the lung Primarily made of somatic efferent axons arising from cervical spinal chord segments providing voluntary motor innervation to the diaphragm NOT PART OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Plica venae cava

A

Serous membrane fold of the medistinal pleura surrounding the caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Pulmonary ligament

A

Double fold of connecting pleura that holds the caudal left lung lobe in place, making it harder to move than its cranial counter part. Runs between the caudal lobe of the lung and the mediastinum at the level of the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Extrinsic thoracic limb muscles

A

Muscles with an attachment on the limb and another on the axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Internal intercostal muscles

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Collection of nerves supplying motor and sensory innervation to the thoracic limb, located in the axillary space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Axilla

A

?

49
Q

Intercostal muscles function

A

Change the size of the thoracic cavity during respiration

50
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

Passage through diaphragm, muscle fibers of left and right crura make this. This is passage through diaphragm for esophagus and vagal trunk

51
Q

Aortic hiatus

A

Tendenous component of crura make this up. This goes around aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic duct

52
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

Bundle of nerve fibers deep to the parietal pleura, ventral-lateral to bodies of thoracic vertebrea

53
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Runs dorsal to hill us of each lung

54
Q

Lung Lobation: Left

A

The left lung is divided into cranial and caudal lobes (cranial lobe is subdivided into cranial and caudal parts)

55
Q

Lung Lobation (Right)

A

Cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes

56
Q

Cardiac notch

A

Right lung, 4th and 5th intercostal space. This is between cranial and middle lung lobes. Accommodates position of left ventricle of heart

57
Q

Hilus

A

Point on an organ where structures enter and exit

58
Q

Accessory lobe of lung

A

Part of the right lung, wraps around caudal vena cava

59
Q

Peripheral autonomic system

A

Peripheral circuitry of autonomic circuit arranged similarly to somatic system Axons of afferent (sensory) neurons relay info about external environment or internal homeostatic states to CNS which integrates and processes info; Axons of efferent (motor) neurons then transmit info from CNS back to the body Every nerve that is grossly visible will have some sensory and some motor axons

60
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

61
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

62
Q

Efferent limb nervous set up

A

For both sympathetic and Parasympathetic the following is true: 2 neurons in a linked series Cell body of first neuron located with in CNS, axon of this neuron exists CNS travels peripheral nerve, synapses on dendritic zone or cell body of 2nd neuron continues upon peripheral course to synapse on target cell

63
Q

Sympathetic system cell bodies

A

Cell bodies of first neurons reside in intermediate grey column of all thoracic and first 4 or 5 lumbar spinal cord segments

64
Q

Parasympathetic system cell bodies

A

Cell bodies of first neurons located with in specific nuclei within brain stem or within intermediate grey column of sacral spinal chord segments

65
Q

Thoracolumbar system

A

Sympathetic system

66
Q

Craniosacral system

A

Parasympathetic system

67
Q

Ansa subclavia

A

Discrete fiber tract connecting cervicothorasic ganglion to ventrally positioned middle cervicle Anglian. This completes a circle around the subclavian artery

68
Q

Vagosympathetic trunk

A

FIbers of the vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk which leave the middle cervical ganglion together to go to the head. It runs parallel to common carotid artery (on each side). Contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic structures

69
Q

Vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic or both

A

Parasympathetic

70
Q

Sympathetic trunk, sympathetic, parasympathetic, or both

A

Sympathetic

71
Q

Axon type phrenic nerve

A

Primarily somatic efferent axons arising from cervical spinal cord segments and provide voluntary motor innervation to the diaphragm. THIS IS NOT PART OF THE AUTONOMIC SYSTEM

72
Q

Is the phrenic nerve part of the ANS?

A

NO

73
Q

Synovial joint

A

Designed to allow for controlled movements in certain planes

74
Q

Non-synovial joints

A

Designed primarily to restrict unwanted movement

75
Q

Structural stability of a joint

A

Primarily due to ligaments and muscles and associated tendons. Also affected by congruity of articulated surfaces of bones and joint capsule which increases stability as well

76
Q

Intrinsic muscles

A

Those that have both attachments on the limb itself

77
Q

Tres Major

A

Other major shoulder flexor. Proximal attachment seen at caudal angle of scapula, distal attachment is on proximal medial aspect of humerus. Distally this attaches to latissimus dorsi

78
Q

Veins of the heart

A

Cranial vena cava, caudal vena cava, pulmonary veins, great cardiac vein, azygous vein

79
Q

Arteries of heart

A

Aorta, pulmonary trunk, coronary arteries, right and left pulmonary aa

80
Q

Chambers of the heart

A

Right artium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

81
Q

Valves

A

Aortic valve, left a-v valve, right a-v valve, pulmonic valve

82
Q

Topographical regions of the heart

A

Base and apex

83
Q

Auricles

A

Small roughly triangular flaps on canine heart, pulmonary trunk runs between them. If you open the left lateral body wall to expose heart you see auricular surface

84
Q

Open dog up from right lateral body wall

A

Open to atrial surface of the heart, if open dog up from left lateral body wall then you are opening to auricle surface

85
Q

Azygous vein

A

Facilitates venous return from dorsal body wall (empties directly into r atrium or cranial vena cava

86
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Final venous return from heart’s own structural blood supply. Vein lies in cardiac groove, externally marks separation of atria from ventricles

87
Q

Intraventricular grooves

A

Venous tributaries that feed into great cardiac vein run superficially in these on either side of heart

88
Q

Structural blood supply

A

Blood supply and drainage to an organ itself, for heart supplied by coronary arteries and drained by great cardiac vein

89
Q

Functional blood supply

A

Blood within the heart chambers is volume of blood used to fulfill its own function

90
Q

Intervenous tubercle

A

Crest that diverts blood from cranial and caudal vena cava as it enters right atrium, keeps blood from sloshing into turbulent wave when entering. Sends blood to right AV opening. Intervenous tubercle looses prominence with right atrium has been opened

91
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Venous return to heart from great cardiac vein is through coronary sinus

92
Q

Right auricle

A

Blind pouch internal surface ( as well as the lateral surface on right atrium) characterized by elaborate muscular bands (pectinate muscles)

93
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Muscular bands that make up internal surface right auricle and lateral surface of right atrium

94
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Smooth walled part of right atrium, opening for the veins

95
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Takes blood from right ventricle to the lungs; splits into left and right pulmonary arteries

96
Q

Left and right pulmonary veins

A

Brings blood back to left atrium

97
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Cord like structure that spans distance from pulmonary trunk to aorta

98
Q

Right AV valve

A

Opens and closes 80-100 times per minute as venous. Blood moves from sinus venarum into chamber of right ventricle

99
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Extend from muscular ventricular walls and connect to valve leaflets via chordae tendinae

100
Q

Trabeculae carnae

A

Muscular developments and irregularities of right ventricular wall

101
Q

Conus arteriosus

A

Directs blood flow through pulmonary valve

102
Q

Carina

A

Each principle bronchus branches from trachea at Carina

103
Q

Lobar bronchi

A

Principle bronchi branch from trachea at craina and then divide into lobar bronchi (supplying individual lung lobes)

104
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary vein from each lung lobe drains directly into left atrium

105
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Each lung is supplied with a single pulmonary artery

106
Q

Valve or the foramen ovale

A

Located at the fossa oval is this is a thin flap of tissue on the cranial aspect of interatrial septal wall

107
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Defines the position where during fetal development blood was shunted from right atrium to left atrium through foramen ovale

108
Q

Systole

A

Phase of heart beat where heart muscles contract and pump blood into arteries

109
Q

Diastole

A

Phase of heartbeat where muscles relax and allow chambers to fill with blood

110
Q

Left and right coronary arteries

A

Heart gives itself the most oxygen and nutrient rich blood using left and right coronary arteries. They leave the ascending position of the aorta at the dilated sinus of the aorta distal to cusp of aortic valve.

111
Q

Scalenus

A

Muscle of inspiration Attaches cranially to transverse process of cervical vertebrea, attaches caudally to first few ribs Brachial plexus emerges from its ventral border

112
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Collection of crossing and intermingling fibers from ventral roots of spinal nerves C6-T2 Emerge ventral to the scalenus Nerves arising from this plexus supply motor innervation to thoracic limb, pectoral muscles, lat dorsi, and cutaneous trounci Additionally they carry sympathetic motor fibers to forelimb and carry sensory information from forelimb to spinal cord

113
Q

Axillary artery

A

Found ventral to scalenus Continuation of subclavian artery and is main blood supply to thoracic limb

114
Q

External intercostal muscles

A

Fibers run caudoventrally, cover dorsal 2/3 of each intercostal space

115
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Vagus is the sole path by which all thoracic and most abdominal viscera are provided with parasympathetic motor innervation Vagosympathetic trunk merges with middle cervical ganglion; Vagus is a complex cranial nerve with both somatic and visceral components each of with contains both somatic and visceral components, each of which contain both sensory and motor fibers

116
Q

Middle cervical ganglion

A

Merges with vagosympathetic trunk. Region of middle cervical ganglion contains extensive intermingling of parasympathetic axons and sympathetic axons and cell bodies .

117
Q

Vagus caudal to middle cervical ganglion

A

Parasympathetic fibers pass through this region to develop motor innervation to the heart

118
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Branches from vagus and passes around the aortic arch; made up of axons of both efferent and afferent somatic neurons, these fibers provide motor and sensory innervation to specific striated muscles of larynx and to the striated muscle with in the wall of the cervical portion of the esophagus

119
Q

Id structures at arrows

A

see answers

Block One (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions