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Block One > Strategies For Head And Neck > Flashcards

Strategies For Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Yellow

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

Blue

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

Derivatives of pectoral gurdle

A

Scapula and clavical, traps, omotransversarius, sternocephalicus, brachiocephalicus all attached to pectoral gurdle and all innervated by accessory nerve

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4
Q

To build neck

A

Had to make cervical vertebrea and elongate muscles

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5
Q

Septum transversum and the neck

A

Septum transversum maintains relationship with the caudal part of the neck which is why c5 c6 c7 are origin of phrenic nerve

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6
Q

Neural crest cells

A

Mesencymal cells will move around and form these

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7
Q

Pharyngeal arches

A

Get pharyngeal arches from tissue migrating down and surrounding aortic arches; each one has aortic arch, veins, cranial nerves, paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells that will form muscles and connective tissue

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8
Q

Cranial nerve paths in neck development

A

These are segmentally oragnized; cranial nerve axon developers when aortic arches in pharyngeal regions cranial nerves will follow aortic arches through hole in pharyngeal arch

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9
Q

Consequences of cranial nerve development for reccurent laryngeal nerve

A

Any aortic arches that persist will take cranial nerve with them (aortic arches on the right degenerate but those on left may stay); left 4th aortic arch becomes aorta 6th left aortic archbecomes ductus arteriosis -> ligamentum arteriosis; L reccurent laryngeal nerve has to go around aortic arch while R reccurent laryngeal nerve has to go round subclavain

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10
Q

Left 4th aortic arch

A

Becomes the aorta

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11
Q

Left 6th aortic arch

A

Becomes ductus arteriosis and eventually ligamentum arteriosis

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12
Q

What is the neck

A

Axial muscles (epaxial and hypaxial), body wall muscles, tubes (gut respritory and vascular), cervical vertebrea and spinal cord, nerves (transverse and longitudinal), no serous membranes, no body cavity, tracheal duct

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13
Q

Axial muscles neck

A

Axial muscles control movements of axial skeletal system (epaxial and hypaxial musculature), this makes up a lot of the neck

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14
Q

Tubes in neck

A

These are important but they don’t take up that much space in neck

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15
Q

Duct in neck

A

Tracheal duct runs in the carotid sheath

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16
Q

Nerves in the neck

A

Transverse nerves and spinal nerves from intervertebral foramen
Longitudinal nerves vagus and accessory nerves, body wall muscles in neck

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17
Q

Transverse innervation

A

Innervates neck body wall

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18
Q

Longitudinal nerves

A

Vagus and accessory nerves also body wall muscles in neck

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19
Q

Are there serous membranes or body cavities in the neck

A

No

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20
Q

Development of the head

A

Tale of two tubes, neural tube and endoderm (gut) tube

21
Q

Oropharyngeal membrane

A

Where ectoderm meets mesoderm in developing embryo

22
Q

Gastrointestinal tract developed from

A

Endoderm

23
Q

Creation of the ectoderm lined stomeodeum

A

Cranial folding brings the rostral pharynx in contact with ectoderm and creates ectoderm lined stomodeum

24
Q

How do you make a face

A

Tubes give rise to tubes, start with a few tubes they start folding and more come from these

25
Q

Eye development

A

Eye forms from evagination of developing brain and invagination of overlying ectoderm

26
Q

Invagination

A

Folding of area of exterior sheet of cells toward inside of blastula

27
Q

Evagination

A

Turn or be turned inside out

28
Q

Ear formation

A

Occurs in three parts inner ear, middle ear, outer ear

29
Q

Inner ear formation

A

Forms when otic placode forms in ectoderm (thickening of ectoderm) (this becomes otic vesicle); cochlea, vestibular apparatus, and petrous temporal bone also from in this stage

30
Q

Middle ear formation

A

In adult includes ossicles tympanic membrane ect. From pharynx an auditory tube moves toward inner ear and expands forming middle ear

31
Q

Outer ear formation

A

Neural crest cells programmed to know where to go and when to develope to form outer ear; external ear canal and pinna

32
Q

Some tubes formed by ___ of ___ tubes

A

Some tubes formed by aggregation of mesenchymal tubes

33
Q

Mandible and maxilla formation

A

Form from 1st pharyngeal arch which splits into maxillary and mandibular prominences this happens at one time not in an order; maxillary prominence is ventral to developing eye

34
Q

Frontonasal prominence

A

Frontonasal prominence expands rostral to forebrain these cells come in and wrap around between maxillary prominences forming the incisor? Bone; this prominence is constrained by development of nasal pits; this meets with maxillary prominence
Frontonasal prominence forms primary palate where it contacts stomadeum

35
Q

Nasal placode

A

Frontal prominence expands (envaginates)

36
Q

Stomadeum

A

Openings into nasal cavity

37
Q

Incisive bone

A

Hole between nasal cavity and oral cavity; need a hard plate to close this up (ie this is where hard palate will come in)

38
Q

Nasal pits

A

Nasal placode, med and lat nasal prominence, invaginate from ectoderm, elongate caudally, contract roof of stomadeum to create second passageways into stomadeum

39
Q

Palatial shelf

A

Maxillary prominence grows under palatial shelf; shelves get firmed and mandible develops and tounge comes down and epithelium comes down so tissue can fuse which leads to the separation of tissues; have caudal openings to allow communication of tissues farther back
Growth -> realignment -> fusion

40
Q

Separation of oral and nasal cavities

A

Invagination of nasal pit contacts stomodeal epithelium followed by breakdown of oronasal membrane and closure of secondary palate to establish separate oral and nasal cavities

41
Q

Cleft palate

A

Maxillary prominence and frontonasal prominence are supposed to fuse but in cleft palate they don’t; lateral palatal shelf also fails to fuse with hard palate

42
Q

Pharyngeal arch development driven by

A

Neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm cells

43
Q

Paraxial mesoderm

A

Unsegmented in head, segment later on; gives rise to craniofacial muscles

44
Q

Neural crest cells vs paraxial mesoderm

A

Neural crest cells have less constraints than paraxial mesoderm does; paraxial mesoderm is good at making somites

45
Q

Facial diversity

A

Neural crest cells permit facial diversity; endo ecto paraxial mesoderm keep doing their same thing and neural crest cells which are independently programmed are where we get facial diversity from

46
Q

Tounge and epiglottis

A

Form from pharyngeal arches 1-4

47
Q

Development of pharyngeal arches and prominence driven by

A

Migration of paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells

48
Q

Neural crest cell migration

A

Migrate ventrally into pharyngeal arches and frontonasal promience

49
Q

Neural crest cells form __

A

All skeletal structures and connective tissues of mid face, jaw, mouth, and hyoid apparatus, and most of orbit

Block One (31 decks)

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