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Block One > Dissection VII Upper Airways: Nasal Passages, Pharynx, And Larynx > Flashcards

Dissection VII Upper Airways: Nasal Passages, Pharynx, And Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx

A
  1. Several sets of cartiledges
  2. A set of mucosal folds
  3. A set of muscles
  4. Several ligaments
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2
Q

Laryngeal cartiledges

A 
A. Basilhyoid bone
B.  Epiglotic cartilage
C.  Thyroid Cartilage
D. Arytenoid cartilage
E. Cricoid cartilage
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3
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Vocal process
Muscular process
Corniculate process
Cuneiform process

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4
Q

Muscular process of the arytenoid

A

3/4 of the intrinsic muscles of larynx attach to this process

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5
Q

Movements of arytenoid cartileges

A

Translated into movements of the vocal folds and hence into movements resulting in changes of size and shape of the airway

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6
Q

Mucosal folds larynx

A

Vestibular fold, vocal fold, laryngeal ventricle

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7
Q

What is relationship between the vocal folds and the muscular process of the arytenoid?

A

Each vocal fold is covered externally by a mucous membrane and contains the thyroarytenoideus muscle and most crainially an elastic ligament

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8
Q

Palatoglossal arches

A

Define the rostral boarder for the oropharynx

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9
Q

If you put tension on the soft palate and retract it dorsally you put tension on the

A

Palatoglossal arches

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10
Q

If you put tension on the soft palate and retract it medially you put tension on the

A

Palatopharyngeal arches

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11
Q

Palatopharyngeal arches

A

Define caudal boarder of the oropharynx

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12
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A 
Have both attachments on laryngeal cartilages and act to move these cartileges relative to each other and in doing so they move the vocal folds and change size and shape of air passage
They are named for their two attachments
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis
Cricothyroid
Thyroarytenoideus
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13
Q

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

Arch over laryngeopharynx and meet partners at midline raphe, play a role in swallowing
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus

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14
Q

Vocal folds

A

Prominent set of mucosal folds which form a v shape on the ventricular floor of the larynx

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15
Q

Laryngeal ventricle

A

Space projecting laterally just rostral to the vocal fold

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16
Q

Vestibular fold

A

Rostral border of the laryngeal ventricle; not prominent fold but anatomical landmark for rostral boarder of laryngeal ventrical

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17
Q

Rostral

A

Toward the nose

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18
Q

Bovine larynx vs equine larynx

A

Bovine larynx will not have a laryngeal ventrical and therefore will not have a vestibular fold

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19
Q

Laryngeal muscle naming

A

Named for attachments caudal to cranial

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20
Q

Abduction/ addition of vocal folds

A

Movement medial/ lateral plane resulting in widening or narrowing of the glottis

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21
Q

Tensing/ relaxing of the vocal fold

A

Movements in the dorsal/ ventral plane important in phonation

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22
Q

Abduction

A

Movement outward

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23
Q

Adduction

A

Movement inward

24
Q

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

A

Abduction of vocal fold

25
Q

Cricoarytenoideus lateralis

A

Adduction of vocal fold

26
Q

Cricothyroid muscle

A

Tensing the vocal fold

27
Q

Thyroarytenoideus

A

Relaxing vocal fold

28
Q

Cricothyroid ligament

A

Attaches to crainial aspect of cricoid cartilage and caudal aspect of thyroid cartilage; long ligament in horses, can be cut to provide access to laryngeal lumen

29
Q

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles and hyoid muscles

A 
One attachment on laryngeal cartilage or hyoid bone and one attachment somewhere extrinsic to the larynx; these stabilize the larynx; named by attachments
Sternohyoideus
Sternothyroideus
Thyrohyoideus
Mylohyoideus
Geniohyoideus
30
Q

Nasal conchae

A

Curled bone shelves that protrude into nasal passages; covered by extensive highly vascularized mucus membranes

31
Q

Cribriform plate

A

This is off of ethmoyd bone, off of this a bony cavity called the ethmoidal labyrinth

32
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Cranial nerve 1; consists of axons present in olfactory epithelium of caudal nasal muscosa that pass through the foramina of cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb

33
Q

Meatus

A

The air passageway between the two conchae

34
Q

Auditory tubes

A

Have pharyngeal openings of these on the lateral walls of nasopharynx; these are connection between nasopharynx and inner ear cavity

35
Q

Path of air external nares to trachea

A

External nares -> nasal conchae -> ethmoidal labrynth ->meatus -> nasopharynx -> rostral extent of laryngopharynx ->epiglottis and glottis -> lumen of larynx -> lumen of trachea

36
Q

Pathway of air oral cavity to trachea

A

Oral cavity -> oropharynx -> rostral part of laryngopharynx -> glottis -> lumen of larynx -> trachea

37
Q

Palatine tonsil

A

In lateral wall of oropharynx; this is lymphatic tissue that functions as line of defense against pathogens that gain entry through nasal and oral cavities

38
Q

Cranial laryngeal artery

A

Branch of common carotid artery; found at cranial extend of thyroid cartilege

39
Q

Cranial laryngeal nerve

A

Accompanies cranial laryngeal artery; this provides sensory innervation to the laryngeal mucosa and motor innervation to cricothyroid muscle

40
Q

Path of blood from left ventricle to larynx

A

Left ventricle -> aorta -> aortic arch-> brachiocephalic trunk -> L or R common carotid artery -> cranial laryngeal artery -> external jugular vein -> brachiocephalic vein -> cranial vena cava -> R atrium -> R ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atria -> left ventricle

41
Q

Parasympathetic control of heart and bronchi

A

Vagus nerve

42
Q

Skeletal muscle of the larynx

A

Recieves somatic motor innervation from branches of the vagus nerve (can be controlled voluntarily for vocalization or in coordination with skeletal pharyngeal muscles by reflexes associated with coughing, gagging and swallowing)

43
Q

Vagus nerve exit from the skull

A

Jugular foramen (within cranial cavity) and tympano-occipital fissure (on the outer surface of the skull)

44
Q

Longus capitus muscle

A

Attaches roughened surface medial to tympani-occipital fissure and to ventral aspect of basiocciptal bone

45
Q

Two large ganglion just outside tympano-occipital fissure

A

Cranial cervical ganglion and distal ganglion of the vagus

46
Q

Distal ganglion of the vagus

A

Found just outside tympano-occipital fissure; contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons and is more distal (caudal) and dorsal of the two (other ganglia located just outside tympano-occipital fissure is cranial cervical)

47
Q

Cranial cervical ganglion

A

Located just outside of tympano-occipital fissure this is the most rostral and ventral of the two ganglia located there (the other is the distal ganglion of the vagus); this ganglia contains cell bodies of second motor neuron in sympathetic pathway to the eye

48
Q

Internal carotid artery neck location

A

It enters the tympano-occipital fissure

49
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS

50
Q

Lower motor neurons that provide ____ innervation to the larynx are located in the ___

A

Lower motor neurons that provide somatic innervation to the larynx are located in the brainstem

51
Q

Cranial laryngeal nerve

A

Supply’s sensory innervation to the entire laryngeal mucosa as well as motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle branch of vagus nerve

52
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

Left goes around aorta and ligamentum arteriosum, right goes around subclavian which is why you get left side paralysis in horses; caudal laryngeal nerve from reccurent laryngeal nerve innervates three intrinsic muscles of the larynx (cricoarytenoideus doralis, cricoarytenoideus lateralis, thyroarytenoideus?); left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes between the arch of the aorta and the left tracheobronchial lymph node

53
Q

Longest peripheral nerve in long necked mammals

A

Left reccurent laryngeal nerve

54
Q

Cricothyroid muscle

A

Innervated by cranial laryngeal nerve; tenses vocal fold indirectly by drawing ventral parts of cricoid and thyroid cartilages together

55
Q

Cricoarytenoideus lateralis

A

Acts to close the glottis by pulling muscular process ventrally and moving vocal process medially

56
Q

Thyroarytenoideus

A

Parent muscle that gives rise to vocal muscle medially and ventricularis muscle rostral; function is to relax vocal fold and constrict glottis

57
Q

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis

A

Rotates arytenoid so that vocal process moves laterally opening the glottis

Block One (31 decks)

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