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Block One > Imaging Neck Back and Tail > Flashcards

Imaging Neck Back and Tail Flashcards

1
Q

types of vertebrea

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal

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2
Q

typical vertebrae consists of

A

body, arch, various processes for muscular or articular connections

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3
Q

vertebral formula for dog

A

C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd20

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4
Q

how to id intervertebral disc space

A

if between c3 and c4 its c3-4

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5
Q

vertebral body

A

located ventral to arch, has convex cranial extremity and centrally depressed caudal extremity

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6
Q

vertebral body formation

A

3 ossification centers, 2 epiphyses and the body

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7
Q

vertebral arch

A

consists of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae

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8
Q

pedicles

A

form lateral sides of vertebral arch

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9
Q

laminae

A

form dorsal roof of vertebral arch

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10
Q

vertebral foramen

A

together with vertebral body vertebral arch forms this, all these together form vertebral canal which spinal cord passes through

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11
Q

interarcuate space

A

space between vertebral arches; yellow ligament is located here dorsally

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12
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

on each side of pedicle smooth notches form shallow cranial vertebral notch, deep caudal vertebral notch; together they form intervertebral foramina which spinal nerves arteries and veins all pass through

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13
Q

spinous process

A

at midline on dorsal part of vertebral arch composed of right and left laminae uniting at midline

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14
Q

transverse process

A

projects laterally from region where pedicle joins vertebral body

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15
Q

articular processes

A

found at junction of pedicle and lamina; cranial articular process faces craniodorsally or medially; caudal articular process faces caudoventrally or laterally

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16
Q

atlas

A

c1; no spinous process, shelf like transverse process called wings; dorsal surface of ventral arch of atlas contains fovea of dens; transverse foramen and lateral vertebral foramen both pass through atlas

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17
Q

transverse foramen

A

short canal passes obliquely through transverse process (wing) of atlas for vertebral artery and vein

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18
Q

lateral vertebral foramen

A

medial to transverse formamen; perforates craniodorsal part of dorsal arch of atlas for passage first cervical spinal nerve and vertebral artery

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19
Q

alar notch

A

located on cranial border of base of transverse process for vertebral artery

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20
Q

axis

A

c2; has sinus process that is blade like cranially and expanded caudally and cranioventral peg-like eminence called dens

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21
Q

transverse foramina

A

c3,c4,c4,c6 have paired transverse foramina located laterally for passage of vertebral vessels and nerves; c7 does not have this

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22
Q

c6

A

has expanded sagittal platelike transverse process called ventral lamina

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23
Q

pedicles dv/vd projection

A

seen end on this view

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24
Q

laminae lat projection

A

seen end on on this view

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25
Q

costal fovea

A

for articulation with rib heads; goes as far caudally as T11

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26
Q

transverse fovea

A

rib tubercle articulates with transverse fovea on transverse process

27
Q

anticlinal vertebrea

A

t11; transition segment of thoracolumbar region all cd to it are cranially all cranial to it are caudal

28
Q

mammillary processes

A

start at T2 or T3 continue as paired projections through remaining part thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal regions; small nob like projections that emirate dorsally from transverse processes at t11 become associated with cranial articular process and continue as laterally compressed tubercles through remaining vertebrea

29
Q

accessory processes

A

appear mid thoracic region, located on succeeding segments as far caudally as L5 or L6

30
Q

lumbar intervertebral foramina

A

horse head shaped

31
Q

lumbar vertebrae transverse processes

A

directed cranially and slightly ventrally

32
Q

accessory processes lumbar vertebrea

A

well developed on l3-l4 absent on l5 or l6

33
Q

sacrum

A

s1-s3 fused; bulk of 4 sided wedge shaped complex lies between ilia and articulates with them

34
Q

wing of sacrum

A

enlarged lateral part; has large rough auricular surface that articulates with ilium; articulations called SI joints

35
Q

median sacral crest

A

on dorsal surface of sacrum, fusion of three spinous processes

36
Q

pelvic surface of sacrum

A

ventrally concave

37
Q

base of sacrum

A

faces cranially

38
Q

sacral canal

A

coalescence of three vertebral foramina

39
Q

promontory

A

cranioventral part of base of sacrum has transverse ridge called promontory

40
Q

apex

A

caudal extremity of the sacrum

41
Q

pelvic inlet

A

promontory and ilia form this; this is dorsal boundary of smallest part of bony ring

42
Q

caudal vertebrea dogs

A

average is 20 but can range from 6-23

43
Q

hemal arches

A

3 separate bones that articulate with ventral surfaces of caudal ends of bodies of Cd4, Cd5, Cd6 vertebrae; slope caudally, shaped V or Y; protect median caudal artery

44
Q

alantoccipital and alantoaxial joints

A

share common joint cavity space

45
Q

alantoocciptal joint

A

formed by dorsolateral extend of occipital condyles and corresponding concave cranial-articular process of atlas; lets head nod yes

46
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

lets head nod no; formed by articulation of atlas and axis; in normal dogs cr aspect of spinous process of axis is adjacent to or overlaps the dorsal arch of atlas and dens of axis should be roughly parallel to ventral arch of atlas and joint space should be represented by thin line

47
Q

articular-processes joints

A

these joints are located in pairs between articular processes of contiguous vertebrae; jt capsule largest in cervical and region and base of tail where greatest degree of movement occurs

48
Q

articular process joints of vertebrae cranial to t10

A

in a nearly dorsal plane; cranial articular processes face dorsally caudal articular processes face ventrally

49
Q

articular processes joints of vertebrae caudal to t10

A

cranial articular processes face medially and caudal articular processes face laterally

50
Q

articular processes joints in cervical region

A

mostly lateral to spinal cord

51
Q

articular process joints in thoracolumbar region

A

mostly dorsal to spinal cord

52
Q

costovertebreal joints

A

formed by articulation of capitulum of each rib with costal fovea on cr aspect of body of the vertebrae of same # rib and articulation of each tuberculum with a fovea on cd aspect of body of vertebrae cr to vertebrae of same number as rib

53
Q

intervertebreal disks

A

made of 3 components; cargilagionous endplate, nucleus pulpous, and annulus fibrosus

54
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

composed of water and proteoglycans; avascular

55
Q

annulus fibrous

A

inner part fibrocartilage; outer portion made up of 15-30 lamellae of collagen fibers; mostly avascular

56
Q

cartilaginous endplate

A

often called vertebral end plate, sometimes considered part of vertebrae not part of disc; composed of osseous and hyaline cartilage components; attached to vertebrae by Sharpey’s fibers; HIGHLY VASCULAR

57
Q

no intervertebral disks

A

c1, c2, sacrum

58
Q

narrow intervertebral disks

A

c2-c3 and t10-t11 intervertebral disk spaces are normally slightly more narrow that other sites

59
Q

l7-s1

A

intervertebral disk space width and shape variable especially with tail position

60
Q

chondrodystrophia

A

disturbance in endochondral ossification

61
Q

epaxial muscles

A

innervated by dorsal branch of spinal nerves predominantly dorsal to vertebral comlumb

62
Q

hypaxial muscles

A

innervated by ventral branch of spinal nerves and predominantly located ventral to vertebral column; include vertebral muscles, diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and all limb muscles

63
Q

which ligamnt is pierced during spinal tap to collect cerebrospinal fluid

A

yellow ligament

Block One (31 decks)

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