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Block One > Organs That Deal With Blood > Flashcards

Organs That Deal With Blood Flashcards

1
Q

cellular components of blood

A

RBC, WBC, platlets

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2
Q

matrix components of blood

A

plasma, fibers (fibrinogen fibers)

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3
Q

blood is a type of ___

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

where is blood formed in a fetus

A

liver, spleen, red bone marrow

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5
Q

how does blood circulate in a fetus

A

circulates via vessels (tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia)

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6
Q

how are red and white cells removed in a fetus

A

spleen and liver

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7
Q

how is blood formed in an adult

A

red bone marrow (RBC only made in red bone marrow, replaced by fat ie yellow bone marrow in an adult)

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8
Q

how does blood circulate in an adult

A

pump (causes flow of circulating fluid); arterial: heart, venous: skeletal and smooth muscle; UNIDIRECITONAL FLOW

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9
Q

how is unidirectional blood flow maintained in an adult

A

pressure differences at ends of arteries, valves in heart, valves in veins; flow is unidirectional but direction can change in an artery based on pressure; vein direction is maintained by veins

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10
Q

homeostasis of blood kenetics

A

maintained between formation, circulation, and removal

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11
Q

structure of a typical vascular tube

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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12
Q

tunica intima of vascular tube

A

endothelium, basal lamina, sub endothelial connective ti, internal elastic membrane

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13
Q

tunica media of vascular tube

A

smooth muscle, elastic laminae, nerves (sympathetic to smooth mm)

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14
Q

tunica adventitia

A

connective tissue, blood vessels (vasa vasorum), nerves (sympathetic to smooth mm)

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15
Q

capillary structure

A

reduced to endothelial layer and basement membrane maximally NO TUNICA MEDIA OR TUNICA ADVENTITA

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16
Q

how many RBC can can capillary transfer at a time

A

one, transfer very quickly, exchange between air and plasma

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17
Q

RBC size

A

7 microns

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18
Q

capillary lining

A

endothelium, which is involved in neutrophil aggregation, clotting, formation of new vessels very important!

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19
Q

increased capillary density if

A

more metabolically active (more capillaries if more metabolic needs)

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20
Q

capillary is

A

the functional surface area of cardiovascular system; flow reduces in pressure and has large surface area cross which exchange from capillary to surrounding interstitial

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21
Q

capillary features

A

low resistance, large surface area, thin membrane, degree of selectivity, reflect metabolic needs of the organ (deisntiy structure), endothelium, pericytes

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22
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

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23
Q

pericytes

A

there are cells that lie enclosed in basement membrane of endothelial cell layer and make new endothelia +/- smooth muscle cells

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24
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

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25
continuous capillary
most common type, have continuous layer of endothelium and continuous basement membrane; found in muscle, respiratory system, and CNS; materials exchanged by fluid filled vesicles (pinocytic vesicles)
26
fenestrated capillary
found where you want quick exchange between capillary and interstitium; intestine, kidney, endocrine gland, pancreas; has pores in it; continuous basement membrane, pores in endothelium; have pirocytic vesicles but also have fenestrations that let things cross basement membrane
27
sinusoid cappilary
whole gaps in endothelia and basement surface let big and small things exchange rapidly; found in liver and spleen
28
portal system capillary beds
flows through two capillary beds as blood returns to the heart
29
arterial portal system
afferent arteriole -> capillary network -> efferent arteriole -> capillary -> venule
30
venous portal system
arteriole -> capillary -> vein -> capillary or sinusoid -> vein
31
hepatic portal system -venous portal system
capillary bed 1: SI, LI; capillary bed 2: liver sinusoids
32
organs with specific functional interface with blood
ie they receive volume of blood they modify; receive structural or nutritional blood volume; receive functional blood volume that is used to perform the organs function
33
heart structural blood supply
coronary artery
34
heart functional blood supply
blood in chambers of the heart
35
lung structural blood supply
bronchial artery
36
lung functional blood supply
pulmonary artery
37
liver structural blood supply
hepatic artery
38
liver function blood supply
hepatic portal vein (supplies 4/5 blood to liver including a large portion of the oxygenated blood the liver uses)
39
spleen structural blood supply
splenic artery
40
spleen functional blood supply
splenic artery
41
kidney structural blood supply
renal artery
42
kidney functional blood supply
renal artery
43
blood filter requirements
functional component parenchyma versus structural support stroma; access to formed and fluid elements (large surface area, thin exchange membrane) capability to filter time for interaction
44
parenchyma
population of cells that let organ perform its function
45
stroma
connective tissue elements
46
arterial side of filtering
lung, kidney
47
venous side of filtering
liver
48
respiratory bronchioles histology
simple cuboidal epithelium with alveolae along wall
49
alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs
entire wall is lined by openings of alveolae, simple squamous epithelium lines alveolar duct, smooth muscle around alveolar openings, alveolar sacs terminations of alveolar ducts
50
alveolus surrounded by
interalveolar septum
51
what runs through ridges capillaries
type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes, and alveolar phagocytes
52
respiratory alveolus
functional unit of lung, thin walls, large surface area, slowed blood, necessary for success
53
what does lymph pick up
bacteria, microorgaisms, RBC, WBC, interstitial fluids, tumor cells, it is therefore a common route for neoplasia; lymph also clears up bruises
54
diapedesis
mechanism of WBC moving form lumen of blood vessel to surrounding interstitum; need to get blood from capillary bed back on venous side WBC migrate from lumen of blood vessel into surrounding interstitum
55
lymph trying to return to venous circulation must
go through at least one or more lymph nodes before retiring to circulation; there is more lymph tissue that lymph nodes; lymph nodes form outside organs
56
lymphatic drainage
bring interstitial fluid back to vascular system via lymph capillaries; these are blind ended ie form then bring lymph back to venous supply; lymph is interstitial fluid that has entered lymph system; lymph must go through at least one lymph node on its way back to venous circulation
57
lymph drainage patters head and neck
- mandibular lymph nodes - medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes - tracheal trunk -> venous angle - superficial cervical lymph nodes - axially lymph nodes -> venous angle - sternal lymph nodes - cranial mediastinal lymph nodes - tracheobronchial lymph nodes -> thoracic duct or tracheal angle-> venous angle
58
lymph drainage patters caudal to heart
- thoracic duct (cranial to diaphragm) -> venous angle - cisterna chyli (caudal to diaphragm) - aortic/ lumbar aortic lymph nodes - mesenteric lymph nodes -> thoracic duct -> venous angle - medial iliac lymph nodes -> thoracic duct ->venous angle - sacral lymph node - subiliac lymph nodes (NOT in dog inconstant in cat yes large animals) - superficial inguinal lymph nodes - popliteal lymph nodes -> thoracic duct -> venous angle
59
mandibular lymph nodes
lymph that goes through here also goes through medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes which outflow to tracheal trunk
60
venous angle
confluence of external jugular and subclavian veins
61
sternal lymph nodes, cranial mediastinal lymph nodes, tracheobronchial lymphnodes
drain directly or indirectly into thoracic duct or tracheal angle
62
mesenteric lymph nodes
a lot of lymph going into this comes from ileum and jejunum, these lymphnodes carry dietary fat, chylomicrons form of fat being carried in lymph nodes
63
medial iliac lymph nodes
gonads drain into these
64
subiliac lymphnodes
NOT in dog, inconstant in cat, found in large animals
65
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
these will NOT enlarge if something wrong with thesticles, will enlarge if something is wrong with tissue around them

Block One (31 decks)

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