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Block One > Organs That Deal With Blood > Flashcards

Organs That Deal With Blood Flashcards

1
Q

cellular components of blood

A

RBC, WBC, platlets

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2
Q

matrix components of blood

A

plasma, fibers (fibrinogen fibers)

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3
Q

blood is a type of ___

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

where is blood formed in a fetus

A

liver, spleen, red bone marrow

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5
Q

how does blood circulate in a fetus

A

circulates via vessels (tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia)

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6
Q

how are red and white cells removed in a fetus

A

spleen and liver

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7
Q

how is blood formed in an adult

A

red bone marrow (RBC only made in red bone marrow, replaced by fat ie yellow bone marrow in an adult)

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8
Q

how does blood circulate in an adult

A

pump (causes flow of circulating fluid); arterial: heart, venous: skeletal and smooth muscle; UNIDIRECITONAL FLOW

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9
Q

how is unidirectional blood flow maintained in an adult

A

pressure differences at ends of arteries, valves in heart, valves in veins; flow is unidirectional but direction can change in an artery based on pressure; vein direction is maintained by veins

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10
Q

homeostasis of blood kenetics

A

maintained between formation, circulation, and removal

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11
Q

structure of a typical vascular tube

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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12
Q

tunica intima of vascular tube

A

endothelium, basal lamina, sub endothelial connective ti, internal elastic membrane

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13
Q

tunica media of vascular tube

A

smooth muscle, elastic laminae, nerves (sympathetic to smooth mm)

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14
Q

tunica adventitia

A

connective tissue, blood vessels (vasa vasorum), nerves (sympathetic to smooth mm)

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15
Q

capillary structure

A

reduced to endothelial layer and basement membrane maximally NO TUNICA MEDIA OR TUNICA ADVENTITA

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16
Q

how many RBC can can capillary transfer at a time

A

one, transfer very quickly, exchange between air and plasma

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17
Q

RBC size

A

7 microns

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18
Q

capillary lining

A

endothelium, which is involved in neutrophil aggregation, clotting, formation of new vessels very important!

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19
Q

increased capillary density if

A

more metabolically active (more capillaries if more metabolic needs)

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20
Q

capillary is

A

the functional surface area of cardiovascular system; flow reduces in pressure and has large surface area cross which exchange from capillary to surrounding interstitial

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21
Q

capillary features

A

low resistance, large surface area, thin membrane, degree of selectivity, reflect metabolic needs of the organ (deisntiy structure), endothelium, pericytes

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22
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium

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23
Q

pericytes

A

there are cells that lie enclosed in basement membrane of endothelial cell layer and make new endothelia +/- smooth muscle cells

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24
Q

types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoid

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25
Q

continuous capillary

A

most common type, have continuous layer of endothelium and continuous basement membrane; found in muscle, respiratory system, and CNS; materials exchanged by fluid filled vesicles (pinocytic vesicles)

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26
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

found where you want quick exchange between capillary and interstitium; intestine, kidney, endocrine gland, pancreas; has pores in it; continuous basement membrane, pores in endothelium; have pirocytic vesicles but also have fenestrations that let things cross basement membrane

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27
Q

sinusoid cappilary

A

whole gaps in endothelia and basement surface let big and small things exchange rapidly; found in liver and spleen

28
Q

portal system capillary beds

A

flows through two capillary beds as blood returns to the heart

29
Q

arterial portal system

A

afferent arteriole -> capillary network -> efferent arteriole -> capillary -> venule

30
Q

venous portal system

A

arteriole -> capillary -> vein -> capillary or sinusoid -> vein

31
Q

hepatic portal system -venous portal system

A

capillary bed 1: SI, LI; capillary bed 2: liver sinusoids

32
Q

organs with specific functional interface with blood

A

ie they receive volume of blood they modify; receive structural or nutritional blood volume; receive functional blood volume that is used to perform the organs function

33
Q

heart structural blood supply

A

coronary artery

34
Q

heart functional blood supply

A

blood in chambers of the heart

35
Q

lung structural blood supply

A

bronchial artery

36
Q

lung functional blood supply

A

pulmonary artery

37
Q

liver structural blood supply

A

hepatic artery

38
Q

liver function blood supply

A

hepatic portal vein (supplies 4/5 blood to liver including a large portion of the oxygenated blood the liver uses)

39
Q

spleen structural blood supply

A

splenic artery

40
Q

spleen functional blood supply

A

splenic artery

41
Q

kidney structural blood supply

A

renal artery

42
Q

kidney functional blood supply

A

renal artery

43
Q

blood filter requirements

A

functional component parenchyma versus structural support stroma;
access to formed and fluid elements (large surface area, thin exchange membrane)
capability to filter
time for interaction

44
Q

parenchyma

A

population of cells that let organ perform its function

45
Q

stroma

A

connective tissue elements

46
Q

arterial side of filtering

A

lung, kidney

47
Q

venous side of filtering

A

liver

48
Q

respiratory bronchioles histology

A

simple cuboidal epithelium with alveolae along wall

49
Q

alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs

A

entire wall is lined by openings of alveolae, simple squamous epithelium lines alveolar duct, smooth muscle around alveolar openings, alveolar sacs terminations of alveolar ducts

50
Q

alveolus surrounded by

A

interalveolar septum

51
Q

what runs through ridges capillaries

A

type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes, and alveolar phagocytes

52
Q

respiratory alveolus

A

functional unit of lung, thin walls, large surface area, slowed blood, necessary for success

53
Q

what does lymph pick up

A

bacteria, microorgaisms, RBC, WBC, interstitial fluids, tumor cells, it is therefore a common route for neoplasia; lymph also clears up bruises

54
Q

diapedesis

A

mechanism of WBC moving form lumen of blood vessel to surrounding interstitum; need to get blood from capillary bed back on venous side WBC migrate from lumen of blood vessel into surrounding interstitum

55
Q

lymph trying to return to venous circulation must

A

go through at least one or more lymph nodes before retiring to circulation; there is more lymph tissue that lymph nodes; lymph nodes form outside organs

56
Q

lymphatic drainage

A

bring interstitial fluid back to vascular system via lymph capillaries; these are blind ended ie form then bring lymph back to venous supply; lymph is interstitial fluid that has entered lymph system; lymph must go through at least one lymph node on its way back to venous circulation

57
Q

lymph drainage patters head and neck

A
  • mandibular lymph nodes
  • medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
  • tracheal trunk -> venous angle
  • superficial cervical lymph nodes
  • axially lymph nodes -> venous angle
  • sternal lymph nodes
  • cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
  • tracheobronchial lymph nodes -> thoracic duct or tracheal angle-> venous angle
58
Q

lymph drainage patters caudal to heart

A
  • thoracic duct (cranial to diaphragm) -> venous angle
  • cisterna chyli (caudal to diaphragm)
  • aortic/ lumbar aortic lymph nodes
  • mesenteric lymph nodes -> thoracic duct -> venous angle
  • medial iliac lymph nodes -> thoracic duct ->venous angle
  • sacral lymph node
  • subiliac lymph nodes (NOT in dog inconstant in cat yes large animals)
  • superficial inguinal lymph nodes
  • popliteal lymph nodes -> thoracic duct -> venous angle
59
Q

mandibular lymph nodes

A

lymph that goes through here also goes through medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes which outflow to tracheal trunk

60
Q

venous angle

A

confluence of external jugular and subclavian veins

61
Q

sternal lymph nodes, cranial mediastinal lymph nodes, tracheobronchial lymphnodes

A

drain directly or indirectly into thoracic duct or tracheal angle

62
Q

mesenteric lymph nodes

A

a lot of lymph going into this comes from ileum and jejunum, these lymphnodes carry dietary fat, chylomicrons form of fat being carried in lymph nodes

63
Q

medial iliac lymph nodes

A

gonads drain into these

64
Q

subiliac lymphnodes

A

NOT in dog, inconstant in cat, found in large animals

65
Q

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

these will NOT enlarge if something wrong with thesticles, will enlarge if something is wrong with tissue around them

Block One (31 decks)

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