Regional Organization Of The Neck And Head Flashcards
Brachiocephalicus
Muscle of protraction, also involved with flexion of the neck. It is superfical to superfical pectoral muscles where it overlaps on chest, also runs along shoulder and neck, is a combination of several different muscles
Sternocephalicus
Most superficial of the sternocephalicus, sternothyroideus, and sternohyodeus muscles. Two pieces on on each side of neck running diagonally from base of jaw to start of superfical pectoral muscles (medial portion of their start)
Sternothyroideus
The most deep of the sternocephalicus, sternothyroideus and sternohyoideus located later and deep (though largely directly under) the sternohyoideus
Sternohyodeus
Deep to sternocephalicus runs down center of throat to hyoid
Mandibular salivary gland
This is like a walnut it is ventral to parotid salivary gland lies between confluence of maxillary and linguofacial veins which come together to form external jugular vein
Parotid salivary gland
Located around base of ear dorsal to mandibular salivary gland
Mandibular lymph nodes
Located at ventral portion of jaw, should be three of these
Muscles of facial expression
Oricularis oculi and orbicularis oris; orbicularis oculi runs in a circular pattern around the eye/ eye lid. Orbicularis oris runs rostrocaudally? Along bottom lip; muscles of facial expression are most superficial muscles in head
Thyroid gland
Dark bilobed elongated structure appears flattened along dorsolateral aspect of trachea immediately caudal to the larynx
Parathyroid gland
Appears as very small and light eplliptical structure on cranial surface of each lobe of thyroid gland
Surgical intervention of cervical intervertebral disks
Done through ventral approach this would mean cutting through sternocephalicus, sternohyoideus, and sternothyroideus while avoiding mandibular lymph nodes which should be lateral to your incision as should the jugular vein under these muscles you will find the trachea dorsal to which is the esophagus, and the carotid sheat containing your vagosympathetic trunk and common carotid artery. You should be able to retract these structures to one side and make contact with the cervical vertebrea on the midline between paired longus colli muscles which run along ventral surface of cervical vertebrea
Medial retropharngeal lymph node
Final drainage point of all lymph in head, outflow is conducted by a tracheal duct to the venous angle which is created by the junction of external jugularr and subclavian veins
External jugular vein surroundings
Surrounded by brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus this is called jugular groove
Longus colli
These run along ventral surface of cervical vertebrea and function as flexors of this segment of the vertebral column
Superfical cervical lymph node
This is found deep to omotransversarius at junction of omotransversarius muscle with brachiocephalicus muscle
Spatial relationship of structures in neck lateral approach
You should have the brachiocephalicus running superficially with connections to humerus (distal 3rd), , dorsal midline of neck, mastoid processes of skill, trapezius, and occipital part of sternocephalicus, deep to this should be the omotransversarius which is superficial to superfical cervical lymph nodes. Trapezius is deep to omotransversarius where they overlap at shoulder, trap attached to supraspinous ligament and median raphe of neck, spine of scapula
Brachiocephalicus
Supperfical muscle in neck You should have the brachiocephalicus running superficially with connections to humerus (distal 3rd), , dorsal midline of neck, mastoid processes of skill, trapezius, and occipital part of sternocephalicus
Omotransversarius
Deep to brachiocephalicus, extends from distal end of spine of scapula to the atlas, related to deep cervical fascia medically, caudal part is sq but crainial part is deep to brachiocephalicus; attachments are distal end of spine of scapula, and transverse processes (wing) of atlas, advances limb and flexes neck laterally; innervated by accessory nerve
Brachial plexus
Subset of 8 cervical spinal nerves and 13 Paris of thoracic spinal nerves make up brachial plexus, innervates forelimb muscle
Accessory nerve
This nerve courses caudally parallel to long axis of the body, if you reflect sternocephalicus from omotransversarius just caudal to head you will seee this nerve; courses along dorsal border of the omotransversarius; innervates several extrinsic forelimb muscles and some muscles of the neck
Sternohyodeus
This is deep to sternocephalicus, has attachment to basihyoid bone; this lies on the trachea and is covered by sternocephalicus caudally, origin is first sternebrea and costal cartilage, inserts at basihyoidbone, pulls tounge and larynx caudally, innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves
Sternothyroideus
Covered at its origin by sternohyoideus, inserts on lateral surface of thyroid cartilage, L muscle bound dorsally by esophagus and medially by trachea, origin is first costal cartilage, it draws larynx and tounge caudally, innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and hypoglossal nerve
Clavicular insertion of brachiocephalicus muscle
A VERY thin band of connective tissue crossing the muscle in the shoulder region (crosses in roughly middle of shoulder shows up as thin white line
Spinal nerves omotransversarius
C3 and C4 pass through belly of the omotransversarius muscle
