Regional Organization Of The Neck And Head

Question 1

Brachiocephalicus

Answer 1

Muscle of protraction, also involved with flexion of the neck. It is superfical to superfical pectoral muscles where it overlaps on chest, also runs along shoulder and neck, is a combination of several different muscles

Question 2

Sternocephalicus

Answer 2

Most superficial of the sternocephalicus, sternothyroideus, and sternohyodeus muscles. Two pieces on on each side of neck running diagonally from base of jaw to start of superfical pectoral muscles (medial portion of their start)

Question 3

Sternothyroideus

Answer 3

The most deep of the sternocephalicus, sternothyroideus and sternohyoideus located later and deep (though largely directly under) the sternohyoideus

Question 4

Sternohyodeus

Answer 4

Deep to sternocephalicus runs down center of throat to hyoid

Question 5

Mandibular salivary gland

Answer 5

This is like a walnut it is ventral to parotid salivary gland lies between confluence of maxillary and linguofacial veins which come together to form external jugular vein

Question 6

Parotid salivary gland

Answer 6

Located around base of ear dorsal to mandibular salivary gland

Question 7

Mandibular lymph nodes

Answer 7

Located at ventral portion of jaw, should be three of these

Question 8

Muscles of facial expression

Answer 8

Oricularis oculi and orbicularis oris; orbicularis oculi runs in a circular pattern around the eye/ eye lid. Orbicularis oris runs rostrocaudally? Along bottom lip; muscles of facial expression are most superficial muscles in head

Question 9

Thyroid gland

Answer 9

Dark bilobed elongated structure appears flattened along dorsolateral aspect of trachea immediately caudal to the larynx

Question 10

Parathyroid gland

Answer 10

Appears as very small and light eplliptical structure on cranial surface of each lobe of thyroid gland

Question 11

Surgical intervention of cervical intervertebral disks

Answer 11

Done through ventral approach this would mean cutting through sternocephalicus, sternohyoideus, and sternothyroideus while avoiding mandibular lymph nodes which should be lateral to your incision as should the jugular vein under these muscles you will find the trachea dorsal to which is the esophagus, and the carotid sheat containing your vagosympathetic trunk and common carotid artery. You should be able to retract these structures to one side and make contact with the cervical vertebrea on the midline between paired longus colli muscles which run along ventral surface of cervical vertebrea

Question 12

Medial retropharngeal lymph node

Answer 12

Final drainage point of all lymph in head, outflow is conducted by a tracheal duct to the venous angle which is created by the junction of external jugularr and subclavian veins

Question 13

External jugular vein surroundings

Answer 13

Surrounded by brachiocephalicus and sternocephalicus this is called jugular groove

Question 14

Longus colli

Answer 14

These run along ventral surface of cervical vertebrea and function as flexors of this segment of the vertebral column

Question 15

Superfical cervical lymph node

Answer 15

This is found deep to omotransversarius at junction of omotransversarius muscle with brachiocephalicus muscle

Question 16

Spatial relationship of structures in neck lateral approach

Answer 16

You should have the brachiocephalicus running superficially with connections to humerus (distal 3rd), , dorsal midline of neck, mastoid processes of skill, trapezius, and occipital part of sternocephalicus, deep to this should be the omotransversarius which is superficial to superfical cervical lymph nodes. Trapezius is deep to omotransversarius where they overlap at shoulder, trap attached to supraspinous ligament and median raphe of neck, spine of scapula

Question 17

Brachiocephalicus

Answer 17

Supperfical muscle in neck You should have the brachiocephalicus running superficially with connections to humerus (distal 3rd), , dorsal midline of neck, mastoid processes of skill, trapezius, and occipital part of sternocephalicus

Question 18

Omotransversarius

Answer 18

Deep to brachiocephalicus, extends from distal end of spine of scapula to the atlas, related to deep cervical fascia medically, caudal part is sq but crainial part is deep to brachiocephalicus; attachments are distal end of spine of scapula, and transverse processes (wing) of atlas, advances limb and flexes neck laterally; innervated by accessory nerve

Question 19

Brachial plexus

Answer 19

Subset of 8 cervical spinal nerves and 13 Paris of thoracic spinal nerves make up brachial plexus, innervates forelimb muscle

Question 20

Accessory nerve

Answer 20

This nerve courses caudally parallel to long axis of the body, if you reflect sternocephalicus from omotransversarius just caudal to head you will seee this nerve; courses along dorsal border of the omotransversarius; innervates several extrinsic forelimb muscles and some muscles of the neck

Question 21

Sternohyodeus

Answer 21

This is deep to sternocephalicus, has attachment to basihyoid bone; this lies on the trachea and is covered by sternocephalicus caudally, origin is first sternebrea and costal cartilage, inserts at basihyoidbone, pulls tounge and larynx caudally, innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves

Question 22

Sternothyroideus

Answer 22

Covered at its origin by sternohyoideus, inserts on lateral surface of thyroid cartilage, L muscle bound dorsally by esophagus and medially by trachea, origin is first costal cartilage, it draws larynx and tounge caudally, innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and hypoglossal nerve

Question 23

Clavicular insertion of brachiocephalicus muscle

Answer 23

A VERY thin band of connective tissue crossing the muscle in the shoulder region (crosses in roughly middle of shoulder shows up as thin white line

Question 24

Spinal nerves omotransversarius

Answer 24

C3 and C4 pass through belly of the omotransversarius muscle

Question 25

Cranial nerves to phrenic nerve

Answer 25

C5,c6,c7