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Block One > Abdominal Circulation > Flashcards

Abdominal Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

branches of the aorta

A

intersegmental arteries, lateral branches, ventral branches, umbilical arteries

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2
Q

intersegmental arteries

A

dorsal and ventral intersegmental branches

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3
Q

lateral branches of the aorta

A

carry blood to structures derived from intermediate mesoderm include testicular/ ovarian and renal arteries to kidneys, gonads

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4
Q

ventral branches of the aorta

A

unpaired, feeds the gut; NOT THE SAME AS VENTRAL INTERSEGMENTAL ARTERIES

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5
Q

umbilical arteries

A

supply deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

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6
Q

venous systems

A

cardinal veins, viteline veins, umbilical veins

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7
Q

cardinal veins

A

drain all body except gut

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8
Q

viteline veins

A

hepatic portal, drain gut; carry blood from yolk sac and gut to liver for filtering

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9
Q

umbilical veins

A

supply oxygenated blood form placenta to fetus

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10
Q

initial bilateral drainage of Venus systems

A

all 3 start out bilateral and then undergo remodeling when inflow of heart moves to right side; initially drain into common cardinal vein and sinus venosus

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11
Q

embryonic veins on ___ are retained

A

right

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12
Q

which umbilical vein is retained

A

left

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13
Q

origin of the caudal vena cava cranial to caudal

A

right vitelline, anastomosis between right vitelline and sub cardinal, anastomosis between cardinal, sub cardinal, and supracardinal

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14
Q

ductus venous

A

in the liver, directs blood from umbilical vein directly into the heart

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15
Q

hepatic portosystemic shunt

A

connection between hepatic portal venous system and a systemic vein (caudal, sub or suprea-cariinal veins); bypasses the liver filtering system (the hepatic sinusoids)

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16
Q

embryonic origin of arteries

A

involves branches of aorta

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17
Q

kidneys and venous development

A

3 sets of kidneys developed with 3 sets vessels developed, first two types kidneys get resorbed but veins with early kidneys establish drainage with other tissues and parts of these venous channels need to be retained

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18
Q

arteries of thorax vs abodment

A

abdominal arterial supply more symmetrical than that in thorax. IN thorax R dorsal aorta degrades and left dorsal aorta remains, in abdomen there is only single aorta for majority of dvelopment which divides into paired aorta at lumbosacral level

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19
Q

iliac artereis

A

roots formed by paired aortae at lumbosacral level

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20
Q

intersegmental artery development

A

develop within each somite; laterally separate into dorsal and ventral intersegmental branches paralleling branches spinal nerves; dorsal bring blood to spinal cord, vertebrae, and associated epaxial tissue and are link to many peripheral arteries; ventral branches supplyy tissues in caudal thoracic and abdominal body wall

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21
Q

bronchoesophageal arteries branch from

A

several intersegmental arteires

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22
Q

ventral branches developent

A

arise initially as viteline arteries and branch from abdominal dorsal aorta and extend into yolk sac; after gut tube forms become celiac, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric arteries

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23
Q

yolk sac blood supply

A

cranial mesenteric artery

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24
Q

umbilical arteries development

A

initially form as multiple ventral branches from paired casual dorsal aorta (viteliine arteries), from anastomoses with iliac arteries, later reduce to single pair large umbilici arteries

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25
Q

lateral ligaments of the bladder

A

umbilical arteries pass bilaterally along lat margin of bladder then cranially though mesentery of bladder to umbilicus in adult remnants remain as this

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26
Q

umbilical artery after birth

A

proximal part of fetal umiblical artery remains as short umbilical artery and small cranial vesicle arteries

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27
Q

veins paired vs unpaired

A

most veins initially paired symmetry retained in most head, neck, body wall, and limb veins, lost in thorax and abdomen)

28
Q

degeneration of vessesl

A

due to redundancy when new and old vessels are redundant older vessels typically degenerate

29
Q

embryonic blood flow placenta to right atrium

A

placenta -> left umbilical vein -> ductus venosus (liver)-> left hepatic vein -> caudal vena cava -> right atrium

30
Q

all three venous systems undergo remodeling including

A

loss of direct connections to the heart on the left side

31
Q

cranial cardinal veins

A

drain embryonic head and forelimbs

32
Q

left brachiocephalic vein formation

A

formed by anastomosis between left and right cranial cardinal vein

33
Q

right brachiocephalic vein derivation

A

derived from right cranial cardinal vein

34
Q

cranial vena cava derivaiton

A

come from right cranial and right common cardinal vein

35
Q

coronary sinus derivation

A

left common cardinal vein becomes coronary sinus

36
Q

azygous vein derivation

A

derived from caudal cardinal veins

37
Q

cardinal veins developmnt

A

form early in development as two paired systems, 1. left and right cranial cardinal veins and left and right caudal cardinal veins -> cranial and caudal cardinal veins join forming common cardinal veins entering paired horns of sinus venosus

38
Q

cranial venous drainage in embryo

A

derived from left and right cranial cardinal veins and their connections to heart (common cardinal veins)

39
Q

cranial cardinal veins embryo and adult

A

embryo- drain cranial body parts

adult0 veins of head (brachiocephalic, jugular); form cranial vena cava

40
Q

caudal cardinal veins embryo and adult

A

embryo- drain caudal body parts including trunk hindlimbs; later becomes set of sub cardinal and supra cardinal veins
adult- caudal vena cava and trunk paired branches of caudal vena cava (renal, gonadal, iliac veins) *most cranial part cd vena cava is derived from right vitelline vein)

41
Q

connection of left and right caudal cardinal veins

A

near the base of the tail anastomoses connect left and right caudal cardinal veins

42
Q

mammalian kidney development

A

pronephros- caudal cardinal veins; mesonephros- subcardinals; metanephros- supracardinals

43
Q

subcardinal anastamosis

A

form multiple anastomoses first with nearby caudal cardinal veins in the abdomen and later with each other

44
Q

subcardinal sinus

A

connects between left and right subcardinals become so numerous and expanded that sub cardinal sinus from in midline between l and r mesonephri within dorsal pt mesentery; THIS SINUS WILL BE RETAINED AS MIDDLE PART OF CADUAL VENA CAVA

45
Q

Middle regions caudal cardinals

A

these will degenerate because the many caudal cardinal-subcardinal anatosmoses lead to drainage of many of the same regions; loss of vessels accompanied by degeneration of cranial half mesonephros

46
Q

retained subcardinal venous drainage

A

venous branches to gonads which develop on medial surface of mesonephroi and also to parts of reproductive ducts retain this subcardinal venous drainage

47
Q

supracardinal vein anastamosis

A

form multiple intersegmental branches and have many anastomoses with subcardinal and caudal carnivals in lumbar region, cd to kidneys forms redundant pathway for blood to the hindlimb and tail

48
Q

only connection between veins of pelvis and leg (iliac veins)

A

these were derived from original caudal cardinals and median subcardinal sinus but only connection ends up being supracardinal veins

49
Q

caudal part of caudal vena cava

A

made up of supra cardinal and caudal cardinal veins

50
Q

yolk sac drainage

A

viteline veins; these pass through mesoderm of septum transverse en route to heart

51
Q

hepatic sinusoid formation

A

as gut tube elongates branches from caudal viteline veins form extensive vascular plexuses in wall of gut tube and carry intestinal blood to heart; rapid growth and branching of liver with in septum transverse breaks intra-hepatic part of viteline veins into multiple smaller channels with many anastomoses

52
Q

viteline venous sytem caudal to liver

A

persists as hepatic portal system

53
Q

cranial to the liver vitelline vein

A

this is post-sinusoidal (i.e. after filtering); extra hepatic part of right vitelline vein forms anastomosis with right subcardinal vein; this new channel carrying blood from body wall and mesonephric tissue to heart is issolated and fully separated from venous drainage of gut tissues, THIS NEW CHANNEL PERSISTS AS CRANIAL PART OF CAUDAL VENA CAVA

54
Q

if anastomosis between right subcardinal vein and right vitelline vein happened upstream of hepatic filtering system

A

this would be before it reaches the liver an this would mean unfiltered blood from gut would be entering subcardingal vein and systemic circulation and would reach heart without being filtered; this blood contains toxins such as neurotoxins, drugs, heavy metals, as well as bacteria and virus

55
Q

vitelline veins embryo and adult

A

embryo- drain yolk sac and gut

adult- most cranial part of caudal vena cava, hepatic portal system

56
Q

hepatic sinusoid cell type

A

endothelial cells

57
Q

hepatic cells derivation

A

these are not hepatic sinusoids these are different these are endoderm derived

58
Q

vitelline venous system card to liver

A

persists as hepatic portal system

59
Q

function of hepatic sinusoids

A

filter blood leaving the gut

60
Q

hepatic portal system and systemic venous system

A

NEED TO BE FULLY SEPARATE

61
Q

umbilical veins early development

A

initially paired and bringing oxygenated placental blood from mom into common cardinal veins and sinus venous of the embryo

62
Q

anastomoses between umbilical veins and vitelline veins

A

blood from umbilical veins can now reach sinus venous directly or via hepatic sinusoids which is redundant so extra-hepatic umbilical veins atrophy and enriched placental blood of mom reaching sinus venous mixed with vitelline veins via hepatic sinusoids which is a problem so form ductus venous so placental blood goes mixed into hepatic vein then to heart

63
Q

ductus venous colapse

A

with cessation of venous inflow via umbilical veins at birth this collapses

64
Q

Intrahepatic shunt

A

shunt within the liver; rempesents either a failure of the ductus venous to close or an anomalous vessel through liver linking portal vein directly with one of the hepatic veins

65
Q

normal connections between cardinal veins and vitelline veins caudal to or within most o the liver

A

none other than right subcardinal-vitelline anastomosis intersects with hepatic veins along cranial (post sinusoidsal) margin of the liver

66
Q

extra hepatic portosystemic shunts

A

formation of one or several new and anomalous blood vessels can occur pre or post natally

67
Q

x-ray of portal systemic shunt

A

porogram of a shunt would show simultaneous pacification of portal and systemic venous system without opacification of capillary bed in the liver because liver is being bypassed

Block One (31 decks)

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