Abdominal Circulation Flashcards
branches of the aorta
intersegmental arteries, lateral branches, ventral branches, umbilical arteries
intersegmental arteries
dorsal and ventral intersegmental branches
lateral branches of the aorta
carry blood to structures derived from intermediate mesoderm include testicular/ ovarian and renal arteries to kidneys, gonads
ventral branches of the aorta
unpaired, feeds the gut; NOT THE SAME AS VENTRAL INTERSEGMENTAL ARTERIES
umbilical arteries
supply deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
venous systems
cardinal veins, viteline veins, umbilical veins
cardinal veins
drain all body except gut
viteline veins
hepatic portal, drain gut; carry blood from yolk sac and gut to liver for filtering
umbilical veins
supply oxygenated blood form placenta to fetus
initial bilateral drainage of Venus systems
all 3 start out bilateral and then undergo remodeling when inflow of heart moves to right side; initially drain into common cardinal vein and sinus venosus
embryonic veins on ___ are retained
right
which umbilical vein is retained
left
origin of the caudal vena cava cranial to caudal
right vitelline, anastomosis between right vitelline and sub cardinal, anastomosis between cardinal, sub cardinal, and supracardinal
ductus venous
in the liver, directs blood from umbilical vein directly into the heart
hepatic portosystemic shunt
connection between hepatic portal venous system and a systemic vein (caudal, sub or suprea-cariinal veins); bypasses the liver filtering system (the hepatic sinusoids)
embryonic origin of arteries
involves branches of aorta
kidneys and venous development
3 sets of kidneys developed with 3 sets vessels developed, first two types kidneys get resorbed but veins with early kidneys establish drainage with other tissues and parts of these venous channels need to be retained
arteries of thorax vs abodment
abdominal arterial supply more symmetrical than that in thorax. IN thorax R dorsal aorta degrades and left dorsal aorta remains, in abdomen there is only single aorta for majority of dvelopment which divides into paired aorta at lumbosacral level
iliac artereis
roots formed by paired aortae at lumbosacral level
intersegmental artery development
develop within each somite; laterally separate into dorsal and ventral intersegmental branches paralleling branches spinal nerves; dorsal bring blood to spinal cord, vertebrae, and associated epaxial tissue and are link to many peripheral arteries; ventral branches supplyy tissues in caudal thoracic and abdominal body wall
bronchoesophageal arteries branch from
several intersegmental arteires
ventral branches developent
arise initially as viteline arteries and branch from abdominal dorsal aorta and extend into yolk sac; after gut tube forms become celiac, cranial mesenteric, and caudal mesenteric arteries
yolk sac blood supply
cranial mesenteric artery
umbilical arteries development
initially form as multiple ventral branches from paired casual dorsal aorta (viteliine arteries), from anastomoses with iliac arteries, later reduce to single pair large umbilici arteries
lateral ligaments of the bladder
umbilical arteries pass bilaterally along lat margin of bladder then cranially though mesentery of bladder to umbilicus in adult remnants remain as this
umbilical artery after birth
proximal part of fetal umiblical artery remains as short umbilical artery and small cranial vesicle arteries
veins paired vs unpaired
most veins initially paired symmetry retained in most head, neck, body wall, and limb veins, lost in thorax and abdomen)
degeneration of vessesl
due to redundancy when new and old vessels are redundant older vessels typically degenerate
embryonic blood flow placenta to right atrium
placenta -> left umbilical vein -> ductus venosus (liver)-> left hepatic vein -> caudal vena cava -> right atrium
all three venous systems undergo remodeling including
loss of direct connections to the heart on the left side
cranial cardinal veins
drain embryonic head and forelimbs
left brachiocephalic vein formation
formed by anastomosis between left and right cranial cardinal vein
right brachiocephalic vein derivation
derived from right cranial cardinal vein
cranial vena cava derivaiton
come from right cranial and right common cardinal vein
coronary sinus derivation
left common cardinal vein becomes coronary sinus
azygous vein derivation
derived from caudal cardinal veins
cardinal veins developmnt
form early in development as two paired systems, 1. left and right cranial cardinal veins and left and right caudal cardinal veins -> cranial and caudal cardinal veins join forming common cardinal veins entering paired horns of sinus venosus
cranial venous drainage in embryo
derived from left and right cranial cardinal veins and their connections to heart (common cardinal veins)
cranial cardinal veins embryo and adult
embryo- drain cranial body parts
adult0 veins of head (brachiocephalic, jugular); form cranial vena cava
caudal cardinal veins embryo and adult
embryo- drain caudal body parts including trunk hindlimbs; later becomes set of sub cardinal and supra cardinal veins
adult- caudal vena cava and trunk paired branches of caudal vena cava (renal, gonadal, iliac veins) *most cranial part cd vena cava is derived from right vitelline vein)
connection of left and right caudal cardinal veins
near the base of the tail anastomoses connect left and right caudal cardinal veins
mammalian kidney development
pronephros- caudal cardinal veins; mesonephros- subcardinals; metanephros- supracardinals
subcardinal anastamosis
form multiple anastomoses first with nearby caudal cardinal veins in the abdomen and later with each other
subcardinal sinus
connects between left and right subcardinals become so numerous and expanded that sub cardinal sinus from in midline between l and r mesonephri within dorsal pt mesentery; THIS SINUS WILL BE RETAINED AS MIDDLE PART OF CADUAL VENA CAVA
Middle regions caudal cardinals
these will degenerate because the many caudal cardinal-subcardinal anatosmoses lead to drainage of many of the same regions; loss of vessels accompanied by degeneration of cranial half mesonephros
retained subcardinal venous drainage
venous branches to gonads which develop on medial surface of mesonephroi and also to parts of reproductive ducts retain this subcardinal venous drainage
supracardinal vein anastamosis
form multiple intersegmental branches and have many anastomoses with subcardinal and caudal carnivals in lumbar region, cd to kidneys forms redundant pathway for blood to the hindlimb and tail
only connection between veins of pelvis and leg (iliac veins)
these were derived from original caudal cardinals and median subcardinal sinus but only connection ends up being supracardinal veins
caudal part of caudal vena cava
made up of supra cardinal and caudal cardinal veins
yolk sac drainage
viteline veins; these pass through mesoderm of septum transverse en route to heart
hepatic sinusoid formation
as gut tube elongates branches from caudal viteline veins form extensive vascular plexuses in wall of gut tube and carry intestinal blood to heart; rapid growth and branching of liver with in septum transverse breaks intra-hepatic part of viteline veins into multiple smaller channels with many anastomoses
viteline venous sytem caudal to liver
persists as hepatic portal system
cranial to the liver vitelline vein
this is post-sinusoidal (i.e. after filtering); extra hepatic part of right vitelline vein forms anastomosis with right subcardinal vein; this new channel carrying blood from body wall and mesonephric tissue to heart is issolated and fully separated from venous drainage of gut tissues, THIS NEW CHANNEL PERSISTS AS CRANIAL PART OF CAUDAL VENA CAVA
if anastomosis between right subcardinal vein and right vitelline vein happened upstream of hepatic filtering system
this would be before it reaches the liver an this would mean unfiltered blood from gut would be entering subcardingal vein and systemic circulation and would reach heart without being filtered; this blood contains toxins such as neurotoxins, drugs, heavy metals, as well as bacteria and virus
vitelline veins embryo and adult
embryo- drain yolk sac and gut
adult- most cranial part of caudal vena cava, hepatic portal system
hepatic sinusoid cell type
endothelial cells
hepatic cells derivation
these are not hepatic sinusoids these are different these are endoderm derived
vitelline venous system card to liver
persists as hepatic portal system
function of hepatic sinusoids
filter blood leaving the gut
hepatic portal system and systemic venous system
NEED TO BE FULLY SEPARATE
umbilical veins early development
initially paired and bringing oxygenated placental blood from mom into common cardinal veins and sinus venous of the embryo
anastomoses between umbilical veins and vitelline veins
blood from umbilical veins can now reach sinus venous directly or via hepatic sinusoids which is redundant so extra-hepatic umbilical veins atrophy and enriched placental blood of mom reaching sinus venous mixed with vitelline veins via hepatic sinusoids which is a problem so form ductus venous so placental blood goes mixed into hepatic vein then to heart
ductus venous colapse
with cessation of venous inflow via umbilical veins at birth this collapses
Intrahepatic shunt
shunt within the liver; rempesents either a failure of the ductus venous to close or an anomalous vessel through liver linking portal vein directly with one of the hepatic veins
normal connections between cardinal veins and vitelline veins caudal to or within most o the liver
none other than right subcardinal-vitelline anastomosis intersects with hepatic veins along cranial (post sinusoidsal) margin of the liver
extra hepatic portosystemic shunts
formation of one or several new and anomalous blood vessels can occur pre or post natally
x-ray of portal systemic shunt
porogram of a shunt would show simultaneous pacification of portal and systemic venous system without opacification of capillary bed in the liver because liver is being bypassed
