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Hi Biology > Structural organisation in Animals > Flashcards

Structural organisation in Animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The epithelium which functions as a lining of body cavities, ducts, and tubes is

A

Simple epithelium

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2
Q

Which epithelium is involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary?

A

Squamous epithelium

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3
Q

Name two locations where squamous epithelium are found

A

Walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs

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4
Q

Name two epitheliums which help in secretion and absorption?

A

cuboidal epithelium and columnar epithelium

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5
Q

Cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in ___ and ___

A

ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys

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6
Q

The epithelium of which part of nephron in the kidney has microvilli?

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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7
Q

The columnar epithelium is found in the lining of ___ and ___

A

stomach and intestine

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8
Q

The epithelium which helps in the movement of particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium is

A

ciliated epithelium

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9
Q

The ciliated epithelium are mainly present in the inner surface of __

A

hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes

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10
Q

Where are unicellular glandular epithelium found?

A

goblet cells of the alimentary canal

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11
Q

Where are multicellular glandular epithelium found?

A

salivary gland

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12
Q

Name six products secreted by exocrine glands

A

mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes

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13
Q

The epithelium which provides protection against chemical and mechanical stresses is

A

compound epithelium

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14
Q

Compound epithelium covers the dry surface of __

A

skin

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15
Q

Compound epithelium is present in the inner lining of ducts of __ and ____

A

salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts

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16
Q

Compound epithelium covers the moist surface of ___ and ____

A

buccal cavity and pharynx

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17
Q

Which type of cell junction helps to stop substances from leaking across a tissue?

A

Tight junctions

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18
Q

Which type of cell junction performs cementing to keep neighbouring cells together?

A

Adhering junctions

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19
Q

Which type of cell junction facilitate the cytoplasmic communication between contacting cells?

A

Gap junctions

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20
Q

Although blood is a connective tissue, its cells do not secrete fibres of structural proteins called ___

A

collagen or elastin

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21
Q

Which type of connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium?

A

areolar tissue

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22
Q

Name three cells that are present in the areolar tissue

A

fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells

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23
Q

Which two types of connective tissues are located mainly beneath the skin?

A

Adipose tissue & areolar tissue

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24
Q

The cells of which type of tissue are specialised to store fats

A

Adipose tissue

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25
Q

Which type of tissue attach skeletal muscles to bones?

A

Tendons

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26
Q

Which type of tissue attach one bone to another?

A

ligaments

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27
Q

The intercellular material of which type of connective tissue is solid and pliable and resists compression?

A

cartilage

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28
Q

What are the cells of cartilage called as?

A

chondrocytes

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29
Q

Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced by which type of tissue in adults?

A

bones

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30
Q

Give four locations where cartilages are present

A

tip of nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults

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31
Q

What are the cells of bone called ?

A

osteocytes

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32
Q

The bone cells are present in the spaces called __

A

lacunae

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33
Q

What is the function served by the limb bones, such as the long bones of the legs?

A

weight-bearing functions

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34
Q

What is the site of production of blood cells in bone?

A

bone marrow

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35
Q

The smooth muscle fibres are held togeher by cell junctions that bundle them together in a _______ tissue sheath.

A

connective

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36
Q

Where are smooth muscles present?

A

wall of internal organs

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37
Q

Cell junctions fuse the plasma membranes of which type of tissue and make them stick together?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

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38
Q

Communication junctions which at some fusion points allow the cells to contract as a unit are known as

A

intercalated discs

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39
Q

Which cell makes up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the body?

A

Neuroglia

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40
Q

Which cell makes up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the body?

A

Neuroglia

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41
Q

The size range of Cockroaches is?

A

¼ inches to 3 inches (0.6-7.6 cm)

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42
Q

The scientific name of Cockroach

A

Periplaneta americana

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43
Q

The length of adults in the common species of cockroach is

A

34-53 mm long

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44
Q

The entire body of coackroach is covered by

A

hard chitinous exoskeleton

45
Q

What do the hardened plates present in the exoskeleton in each segment of cockroach called?

A

sclerites

46
Q

The sclerites present dorsally are called

A

tergites

47
Q

The sclerites present ventrally are called

A

sternites

48
Q

The thin and flexible articular membrane which join each sclerites together is called?

A

arthrodial membrane

49
Q

How many segments are fused to form the head of cockroach?

A

six

50
Q

The upper lip of cockroaches is called

A

labrum

51
Q

Ther lower lip of cockroaches is called

A

labium

52
Q

The mouthparts of cockroach consisting of a pair of ___ and ___

A

mandibles and maxillae

53
Q

A median flexible lobe which acts as tongue is called?

A

hypopharynx

54
Q

The head is connected with thorax by a short extension of the _______ known as the neck.

A

prothorax

55
Q

Each _____ segment bears a pair of walking legs.

A

thoracic

56
Q

From where the first pair of wings arises?

A

mesothorax

57
Q

From where the second pair of wings arises?

A

metathorax

58
Q

Forewings (mesothoracic) which are opaque dark and leathery are called ___

A

tegmina

59
Q

Wings which are used in flight are called

A

hind wings

60
Q

How many segments are present in the abdomen in both males and females?

A

10 segments

61
Q

In females, which sternum is boat shaped?

A

7thsternum

62
Q

In female cockroaches, the 7thsternum together with the 8thand 9thsterna forms ___

A

brood or genital pouch

63
Q

The anterior part of genital pouch consists of ___, ___ and ___

A

female gonopore, spermathecal pores and collateral glands

64
Q

In males, genital pouch lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded dorsally by

A

9thand 10thterga

65
Q

In males, genital pouch lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded ventrally by

A

9thsternum

66
Q

The male genital pouch consists of ___, ___ and ___

A

dorsal anus, ventral male genital pore and gonapophysis

67
Q

The structure present in males but absent in females is

A

anal styles

68
Q

In both sexes, the 10thsegment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called

A

anal cerci

69
Q

A sac like structure in cockroach which is used for storing of food

A

crop

70
Q

Gizzard is also known as

A

proventriculus

71
Q

The structure in cockroach which helps in grinding the food particles is called

A

gizzard

72
Q

How many teeth are present in cockroach?

A

six

73
Q

A ring of 6-8 blind tubules which is present at the junction of foregut and midgut is called

A

hepatic or gastric caeca

74
Q

How many yellow colored bodies are present at the junction of midgut and hindgut?

A

100-150

75
Q

A ring of yellow coloured thin filamentous which help in removal of excretory products from haemolymph is called

A

Malpighian tubules

76
Q

Blood in cockroach is called

A

haemolymph

77
Q

Blood vascular system of cockroach is ________ type

A

open

78
Q

Blood vessels in cockroach open into space called

A

haemocoel

79
Q

Which organs are located in the haemocoel and are bathed in blood?

A

Visceral organs

80
Q

Heart of cockroach lies along the

A

mid dorsal line of thorax and abdomen

81
Q

Blood from sinuses enter heart through

A

ostia

82
Q

The network of trachea open through 10 pairs of small holes which are called

A

spiracles

83
Q

The opening of the spiracles is regulated by the

A

sphincters

84
Q

Which type of cells lined each malpighian tubule ?

A

glandular and ciliated cells

85
Q

The uric acid is excreted out through _____

A

hindgut

86
Q

What type of excretion is performed by cockroches?

A

uricotelic

87
Q

Name the four structures which help in excretion

A

Malpighian tubules, fat body, nephrocytes and urecose glands

88
Q

How many ganglia lie in the thorax?

A

3

89
Q

How many ganglia lie in the abdomen?

A

6

90
Q

Which ganglion supplies nerves to antennae and compound eyes?

A

supra-oesophageal

91
Q

At which surface of head, the compound eyes are situated

A

dorsal surface

92
Q

How many hexagonal ommatidia are present in each eye?

A

2000

93
Q

Which structure helps a cockroach to receive several images of an object?

A

several ommatidia

94
Q

Nocturnal vision in a cockroach is a type of

A

Mosaic vision

95
Q

In cockroaches, both sexes have well developed reproductive organs It is known as

A

dioecious

96
Q

In which segment, a pair of testes is present?

A

4th-6thabdominal segments-

97
Q

Male gonopore is situated ____ to anus

A

ventral

98
Q

In which segment, a characteristic mushroomshaped gland which functions as an accessory reproductive gland present ?

A

6th-7thabdominal segments

99
Q

What does the chitinous asymmetrical structures, surrounding the male gonopore called?

A

male gonapophysis or phallomere

100
Q

Sperms are glued together in the form of bundles It is called

A

spermatophores

101
Q

In which segment, the two large ovaries lie laterally?

A

2nd– 6thabdominal segments

102
Q

How many group of ovarian tubules or ovarioles forms each ovary?

A

Eight

103
Q

In which segment, a pair of spermatheca is present?

A

6thsegment

104
Q

The fertilised eggs are encased in capsules called

A

oothecae

105
Q

What is the length of ootheca?

A

3/8” (8 mm) long

106
Q

How many ootheca are produced by females on an average?

A

9-10

107
Q

How many eggs are present in each oothecae?

A

14-16

108
Q

The development of P americana is through nymphal stage It is called

A

paurometabolous

109
Q

How many times the nymph grows by moulting to reach the adult form?

A

13 times

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