Structural organisation in Animals Flashcards
The epithelium which functions as a lining of body cavities, ducts, and tubes is
Simple epithelium
Which epithelium is involved in functions like forming a diffusion boundary?
Squamous epithelium
Name two locations where squamous epithelium are found
Walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
Name two epitheliums which help in secretion and absorption?
cuboidal epithelium and columnar epithelium
Cuboidal epithelium is commonly found in ___ and ___
ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons in kidneys
The epithelium of which part of nephron in the kidney has microvilli?
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
The columnar epithelium is found in the lining of ___ and ___
stomach and intestine
The epithelium which helps in the movement of particles or mucus in a specific direction over the epithelium is
ciliated epithelium
The ciliated epithelium are mainly present in the inner surface of __
hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes
Where are unicellular glandular epithelium found?
goblet cells of the alimentary canal
Where are multicellular glandular epithelium found?
salivary gland
Name six products secreted by exocrine glands
mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes
The epithelium which provides protection against chemical and mechanical stresses is
compound epithelium
Compound epithelium covers the dry surface of __
skin
Compound epithelium is present in the inner lining of ducts of __ and ____
salivary glands and of pancreatic ducts
Compound epithelium covers the moist surface of ___ and ____
buccal cavity and pharynx
Which type of cell junction helps to stop substances from leaking across a tissue?
Tight junctions
Which type of cell junction performs cementing to keep neighbouring cells together?
Adhering junctions
Which type of cell junction facilitate the cytoplasmic communication between contacting cells?
Gap junctions
Although blood is a connective tissue, its cells do not secrete fibres of structural proteins called ___
collagen or elastin
Which type of connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium?
areolar tissue
Name three cells that are present in the areolar tissue
fibroblasts, macrophages and mast cells
Which two types of connective tissues are located mainly beneath the skin?
Adipose tissue & areolar tissue
The cells of which type of tissue are specialised to store fats
Adipose tissue
Which type of tissue attach skeletal muscles to bones?
Tendons
Which type of tissue attach one bone to another?
ligaments
The intercellular material of which type of connective tissue is solid and pliable and resists compression?
cartilage
What are the cells of cartilage called as?
chondrocytes
Most of the cartilages in vertebrate embryos are replaced by which type of tissue in adults?
bones
Give four locations where cartilages are present
tip of nose, outer ear joints, between adjacent bones of the vertebral column, limbs and hands in adults
What are the cells of bone called ?
osteocytes
The bone cells are present in the spaces called __
lacunae
What is the function served by the limb bones, such as the long bones of the legs?
weight-bearing functions
What is the site of production of blood cells in bone?
bone marrow
The smooth muscle fibres are held togeher by cell junctions that bundle them together in a _______ tissue sheath.
connective
Where are smooth muscles present?
wall of internal organs
Cell junctions fuse the plasma membranes of which type of tissue and make them stick together?
Cardiac muscle tissue
Communication junctions which at some fusion points allow the cells to contract as a unit are known as
intercalated discs
Which cell makes up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the body?
Neuroglia
Which cell makes up more than one half the volume of neural tissue in the body?
Neuroglia
The size range of Cockroaches is?
¼ inches to 3 inches (0.6-7.6 cm)
The scientific name of Cockroach
Periplaneta americana
The length of adults in the common species of cockroach is
34-53 mm long
The entire body of coackroach is covered by
hard chitinous exoskeleton
What do the hardened plates present in the exoskeleton in each segment of cockroach called?
sclerites
The sclerites present dorsally are called
tergites
The sclerites present ventrally are called
sternites
The thin and flexible articular membrane which join each sclerites together is called?
arthrodial membrane
How many segments are fused to form the head of cockroach?
six
The upper lip of cockroaches is called
labrum
Ther lower lip of cockroaches is called
labium
The mouthparts of cockroach consisting of a pair of ___ and ___
mandibles and maxillae
A median flexible lobe which acts as tongue is called?
hypopharynx
The head is connected with thorax by a short extension of the _______ known as the neck.
prothorax
Each _____ segment bears a pair of walking legs.
thoracic
From where the first pair of wings arises?
mesothorax
From where the second pair of wings arises?
metathorax
Forewings (mesothoracic) which are opaque dark and leathery are called ___
tegmina
Wings which are used in flight are called
hind wings
How many segments are present in the abdomen in both males and females?
10 segments
In females, which sternum is boat shaped?
7thsternum
In female cockroaches, the 7thsternum together with the 8thand 9thsterna forms ___
brood or genital pouch
The anterior part of genital pouch consists of ___, ___ and ___
female gonopore, spermathecal pores and collateral glands
In males, genital pouch lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded dorsally by
9thand 10thterga
In males, genital pouch lies at the hind end of abdomen bounded ventrally by
9thsternum
The male genital pouch consists of ___, ___ and ___
dorsal anus, ventral male genital pore and gonapophysis
The structure present in males but absent in females is
anal styles
In both sexes, the 10thsegment bears a pair of jointed filamentous structures called
anal cerci
A sac like structure in cockroach which is used for storing of food
crop
Gizzard is also known as
proventriculus
The structure in cockroach which helps in grinding the food particles is called
gizzard
How many teeth are present in cockroach?
six
A ring of 6-8 blind tubules which is present at the junction of foregut and midgut is called
hepatic or gastric caeca
How many yellow colored bodies are present at the junction of midgut and hindgut?
100-150
A ring of yellow coloured thin filamentous which help in removal of excretory products from haemolymph is called
Malpighian tubules
Blood in cockroach is called
haemolymph
Blood vascular system of cockroach is ________ type
open
Blood vessels in cockroach open into space called
haemocoel
Which organs are located in the haemocoel and are bathed in blood?
Visceral organs
Heart of cockroach lies along the
mid dorsal line of thorax and abdomen
Blood from sinuses enter heart through
ostia
The network of trachea open through 10 pairs of small holes which are called
spiracles
The opening of the spiracles is regulated by the
sphincters
Which type of cells lined each malpighian tubule ?
glandular and ciliated cells
The uric acid is excreted out through _____
hindgut
What type of excretion is performed by cockroches?
uricotelic
Name the four structures which help in excretion
Malpighian tubules, fat body, nephrocytes and urecose glands
How many ganglia lie in the thorax?
3
How many ganglia lie in the abdomen?
6
Which ganglion supplies nerves to antennae and compound eyes?
supra-oesophageal
At which surface of head, the compound eyes are situated
dorsal surface
How many hexagonal ommatidia are present in each eye?
2000
Which structure helps a cockroach to receive several images of an object?
several ommatidia
Nocturnal vision in a cockroach is a type of
Mosaic vision
In cockroaches, both sexes have well developed reproductive organs It is known as
dioecious
In which segment, a pair of testes is present?
4th-6thabdominal segments-
Male gonopore is situated ____ to anus
ventral
In which segment, a characteristic mushroomshaped gland which functions as an accessory reproductive gland present ?
6th-7thabdominal segments
What does the chitinous asymmetrical structures, surrounding the male gonopore called?
male gonapophysis or phallomere
Sperms are glued together in the form of bundles It is called
spermatophores
In which segment, the two large ovaries lie laterally?
2nd– 6thabdominal segments
How many group of ovarian tubules or ovarioles forms each ovary?
Eight
In which segment, a pair of spermatheca is present?
6thsegment
The fertilised eggs are encased in capsules called
oothecae
What is the length of ootheca?
3/8” (8 mm) long
How many ootheca are produced by females on an average?
9-10
How many eggs are present in each oothecae?
14-16
The development of P americana is through nymphal stage It is called
paurometabolous
How many times the nymph grows by moulting to reach the adult form?
13 times
