Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Question 1

Further development of the floral primordium forms _______ which bear the floral buds and then the flowers.

Answer 1

Inflorescences

Question 2

To a biologist, flowers are morphological and embryological marvels and the sites of _______________

Answer 2

Sexual reproduction

Question 3

In the flower the male and female reproductive structures, the ___________ and the ___________ respectively differentiate and develop.

Answer 3

androecium; gynoecium

Question 4

The female reproductive organ is represented by?

Answer 4

Gynoecium

Question 5

The androecium consists of a whorl of:-

Answer 5

Stamen

Question 6

The long and slender stalk of a stamen is called

Answer 6

Filament

Question 7

The terminal structure at the top of the stamen is called

Answer 7

Anther

Question 8

The proximal end of the filament is attached to the __________

Answer 8

Thalamus or petal

Question 9

A typical angiosperm anther is ______ with each lobe having two theca.

Answer 9

bilobed

Question 10

A stamen with two anther lobes is called

Answer 10

bilobed

Question 11

The anther is a four-sided (tetragonal) structure consisting of four _________ located at the corners, two in each lobe.

Answer 11

Microsporangia

Question 12

The microsporangia develop further and become:-

Answer 12

pollen sacs

Question 13

A typical microsporangium appears near __________ in outline

Answer 13

circular

Question 14

Name the four wall layers of microsporangium.

Answer 14

Epidermis, endothecium, middle layers and tapetum

Question 15

Cells of_______ possess dense cytoplasm & generally have more than one nucleus.

Answer 15

Tapetum

Question 16

The innermost wall layer of microsporangium is

Answer 16

Tapetum

Question 17

When the anther is young, a group of compactly arranged homogenous cells called the _________________ occupies the centre of each microsporangium

Answer 17

Sporogenous tissue

Question 18

As the anther develops, the cells of the sporogenous tissue undergo meiotic divisions to form?

Answer 18

Microspore tetrads

Question 19

The process of formation of microspores from a pollen mother cell (PMC) through meiosis is called?

Answer 19

microsporogenesis

Question 20

The ____________ represent the male gametophytes

Answer 20

Pollen grains

Question 21

The hard outer layer of pollen grains is called the

Answer 21

Exine

Question 22

No enzyme that degrades _____________ is so far known

Answer 22

Sporopollenin

Question 23

Pollen grain exine has prominent apertures called

Answer 23

Germ pores

Question 24

The inner wall of the pollen grain is called the ___________

Answer 24

Intine

Question 25

When the pollen grain is mature it contains two cells, the ______________ and ________________

Answer 25

Vegetative cell and generative cell

Question 26

In some cereals such as rice and wheat, pollen grains lose viability within _____ minutes of their release

Answer 26

30

Question 27

Name the plant families which can maintain pollen viability for several months

Answer 27

Rosaceae, Leguminoseae and Solanaceae

Question 28

Each pistil has three parts, namely-

Answer 28

The stigma, style and ovary

Question 29

The _________ serves as a landing platform for pollen grains

Answer 29

Stigma

Question 30

When the gynoecium consists of a single pistil, it is known as

Answer 30

Monocarpellary

Question 31

When the gynoecium consists of more than one pistil, it is known as

Answer 31

Multicarpellary

Question 32

when pistils are fused together, it is called?

Answer 32

Syncarpous

Question 33

When the pistils are free, it is called:-

Answer 33

Apocarpous

Question 34

Each pistil has three parts, the part which comes first is known as

Answer 34

Stigma

Question 35

The _____ is located inside the ovarian cavity.

Answer 35

Placenta

Question 36

Arising from the placenta are the __________, commonly called ovules.

Answer 36

Megasporangia

Question 37

The ovule is a small structure attached to the placenta by means of a stalk called?

Answer 37

Funicle

Question 38

The body of the ovule fuses with funicle in the region called?

Answer 38

Hilum

Question 39

Each ovule has one or two protective envelopes called?

Answer 39

Integuments

Question 40

Integuments encircle the nucellus except at the tip where a small opening called the ____________ is organised.

Answer 40

Micropyle

Question 41

_____ represents the basal part of the ovule.

Answer 41

Chalaza

Question 42

Enclosed within the integuments is a mass of cells called the _________

Answer 42

Nucellus

Question 43

Name the structure located in the nucellus.

Answer 43

Embryo sac or Female gametophyte

Question 44

The process of formation of megaspores from the megaspore mother cell is called?

Answer 44

Megasporogenesis

Question 45

Only the functional megaspore develops into the __________________

Answer 45

Female gametophyte

Question 46

In a majority of flowering plants, one of the megaspores is functional while the other ______ degenerate

Answer 46

three

Question 47

The method of embryo sac formation from a single megaspore is termed _____________ development

Answer 47

Monosporic

Question 48

A typical angiosperm embryo sac, at maturity, though 8-nucleate is ____-celled

Answer 48

7

Question 49

Three cells are grouped together at the micropylar end and constitute?

Answer 49

Egg apparatus

Question 50

The egg apparatus consists of how many cells?

Answer 50

Two synergids and one egg cell

Question 51

The synergids have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip called?

Answer 51

Filiform apparatus

Question 52

Name three types of pollination.

Answer 52

Autogamy, Geitonogamy and Xenogamy.

Question 53

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower is called

Answer 53

Autogamy

Question 54

The flowers which are similar to flowers of other species with exposed anther and stigma are called?

Answer 54

Chasmogamous

Question 55

Bisexual flowers which do not open at all are called

Answer 55

Cleistogamous

Question 56

Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called

Answer 56

Geitonogamy

Question 57

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a different plant is called

Answer 57

Xenogamy

Question 58

Name two agents of pollination

Answer 58

Biotic agents and abiotic agents.

Question 59

Plants use _____ abiotic agents and _____ biotic agent to achieve pollination.

Answer 59

Two (wind and water) and one (animals)

Question 60

Pollination by ______ is more common amongst abiotic pollinations

Answer 60

wind

Question 61

What are the biotic agents for pollination?

Answer 61

Animals

Question 62

Some examples of water pollinated plants which grow in fresh water are-

Answer 62

Vallisneria and hydrilla

Question 63

Give an example of marine plant in which pollination occurs by water?

Answer 63

Zostera

Question 64

In _____________, the female flower reach the surface of water by the long stalk

Answer 64

Vallisneria

Question 65

Name some common biotic pollinating agents.

Answer 65

Bees, butterflies, flies, beetles, wasps, ants, moths, birds and bats

Question 66

Among the animals, insects, particularly _______ are the dominant biotic pollinating agents

Answer 66

bees

Question 67

What are the usual floral rewards for insect pollinators?

Answer 67

nectar and pollen grains

Question 68

The devices which discourage self-pollination and encourage cross-pollination are called?

Answer 68

Outbreeding devices

Question 69

If the female parent bears bisexual flowers, removal of anthers from the flower bud before the anther dehisces using a pair of forceps is necessary. This step is referred to as:-

Answer 69

Emasculation

Question 70

Emasculated flowers have to be covered with a bag of suitable size, generally made up of butter paper, to prevent contamination of its stigma with unwanted pollen. This process is called?

Answer 70

Bagging

Question 71

The other male gamete moves towards the two polar nuclei located in the central cell and fuses with them to produce a triploid:-

Answer 71

Primary endosperm nucleus (PEN).

Question 72

After double fertilization, events of endosperm and embryo development, maturation of ovules into seeds and ovary into fruits, are collectively termed as

Answer 72

Post fertilization events.

Question 73

A typical dicotyledonous embryo, consists of an __________________ and _______________________

Answer 73

Embryonal axis and two cotyledons.

Question 74

The portion of embryonal axis above the level of cotyledons is called?

Answer 74

Epicotyl

Question 75

The portion of embryonal axis below the level of cotyledons is called?

Answer 75

Hypocotyl

Question 76

In the grass family, the cotyledon is called?

Answer 76

Scutellum

Question 77

In monocotyledon embryos, at its lower end, the embryonal axis has the radical and root cap enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called ________.

Answer 77

Coleorrhiza

Question 78

Epicotyl has a shoot apex and a few leaf primordia enclosed in a hollow foliar structure, the ______.

Answer 78

Coleoptile

Question 79

What is the final product of sexual reproduction in angiosperms?

Answer 79

Seed