Mineral Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
The technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution is known as
A
Hydroponics
2
Q
The scientist who demonstrated the technique of hydroponics for the first time was
A
Julius von Sachs
3
Q
In hydroponics, it is important that the nutrient solutions must be adequately ___________
A
Aerated
4
Q
Most of the minerals present in soil can enter plants through _____
A
Roots
5
Q
Out of the 105 discovered elements, more than _____ are found in different varities of plants.
A
60
6
Q
An essential element should be directly involved in the ___________ of plant
A
Metabolism
7
Q
The element which cannot be replaced by another element is called
A
Essential element
8
Q
The essential nutrients present in plant in large amounts are called
A
Macronutrients
9
Q
The nutrients of plants which are present in large amounts i.e., more than 10 mmole/Kg of dry matter are called
A
Macronutrients
10
Q
The macronutrients obtained from CO2and water are
A
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
11
Q
Name the macronutrients absorbed by plants from soil
A
Nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur, potassium, calcium and magnesium
12
Q
The essential nutrients needed in very small amounts are called
A
Micronutrients
13
Q
The nutrients of plants which are present in small amount i.e., less than 10 mmole/Kg of dry matter are called
A
Micronutrients
14
Q
Micronutrients are also called
A
Trace elements
15
Q
Name the micronutrients needed by plants
A
Iron, Manganese, Copper, Molybdenum, Zinc, Boron, Chlorine and Nickel
16
Q
The beneficial elements required by higher plants are
A
Sodium, Silicon, Cobalt, Selenium
17
Q
Essential elements are classified into four groups on the basis of their ________
A
Diverse functions
18
Q
Name four structural elements of plant cells
A
C, H, O and N
19
Q
Energy related chemical compound in chlorophyll is
A
Mg
20
Q
Energy related chemical compound in ATP is
A
Phosphorus
21
Q
The element which acts as an activator of RuBisCO and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase is
A
Magnesium
22
Q
Zinc ion is an activator of enzyme __________and Mo of nitrogenase during
nitrogen metabolism
A
Alcohol dehydrogenase
23
Q
The element which is an activator of nitrogenase during nitrogen metabolism is
A
Molybdenum
24
Q
The element which aids in opening and closing of stomata is
A
Potassium
25
The essential nutrient element that is required by plants in greatest amount is
Nitrogen
26
Most of nitrogen by plant is absorbed in the form of
NO3-
27
After NO3-, some of the nitrogen is also absorbed in the form of
NO2- or NH4+
28
The element that is predominantly required by meristematic tissues and metabolically active cells is
Nitrogen
29
The biomolecules of which nitrogen is a major constituent are proteins, nucleic acids, ___________ and ____________
Vitamins and hormones
30
Phosphorus is abosorbed by plants from soil in the form of _______________
Phosphate ions (H2PO4- or HPO42-)
31
The element required for phosphorylation reactions is
Phosphorus
32
Phosphorus is highly essential for synthesis of a biomolecule i.e.,
Nucleic acid
33
The element which is major component of cell membranes, some proteins and all nucleic acids is
Phosphorus
34
The element that helps to maintain anion-cation balance in plant cells is
Potassium
35
Maintainance of turgidity and an anion-cation balance in cells, activation of enzymes and opening and closing of stomata are some of the functions of __________.
Potassium
36
The element required by meristematic and differentiating tissues and used in synthesis of cell wall is
Calcium
37
Calcium is required for synthesis of cell wall and is used as calcium pectate in synthesis of
Middle lamella
38
The element required in the formation of mitotic spindle is
Calcium
39
The element which gets accumulated in older leaves and plays an important role in regulating metabolic activities is
Calcium
40
Magnesium particularly activates the enzymes involved in the process of ______________ and _______________
Respiration and photosynthesis
41
The element that is the constituent of ring structure of chlorophyll is
Magnesium
42
The element involved in synthesis of DNA and RNA and maintains ribosome structure is
Magnesium
43
Plants absorb sulphur in the form of ____________
SO2−4
44
The two amino acids containing sulphur are
Cysteine and methionine
45
The element which is a main constituent of several coenzymes and vitamins is
Sulphur
46
The element which is a constitutent of thiamine, biotin and Coenzyme A is
Sulphur
47
The element which is a major constituent of ferredoxin and cytochromes is
Iron
48
Iron is obtained by plants in the form of _______
Ferric ions
49
During electron transfer, _________ state is reversibly oxidised to ________ state of iron
Ferrous, ferric
50
The element essential for the formation of chlorophyll is
Iron
51
The micronutrient which is required in larger amounts as compared to other micronutrients is
Iron
52
Catalase enzyme is activated by ________
Iron
53
The element involved in splitting of water to liberate oxygen during photosynthesis is
Manganese
54
The element which activates carboxylase and is involved in synthesis of auxin is
Zinc
55
Zinc is involved in synthesis of phytohormone
Auxin
56
Copper is absorbed by plants in the form of ?
Cupric ions
57
Copper is associated with certain enzymes of _________ reactions
Redox
58
The element required for calcium uptake and utilisation by plants is
Boron
59
The element involved in cell elongation and differentiation, pollen germination and membrane functioning is
Boron
60
Boron is required during translocation of which biomolecule?
Carbohydrates
61
The element which is a component of enzymes like nitrogenase and nitrate reductase is
Molybdenum
62
Along with Na and K, the element involved in maintaining anion-cation balance in plant cells is
Chlorine
63
Along with Mn, the element required during water-splitting reaction of photosynthesis is
Chlorine
64
The concentration of the essential element below which plant growth is retarded is called
Critical concentration
65
An element, when present below the critical concentration is said to be
Deficient
66
The morphological changes that occur due to the absence of any particular element are called
Deficiency symptoms
67
The deficiency of N, K and Mg is first visible in ____________ leaves.
Senescent
68
The deficiency of structural elements like S and Ca is first visible in ________ leaves.
Younger
69
The loss of chlorophyll leading to yellowing in leaves is called
Chlorosis
70
The symptom caused by deficiency of N, K, Mg and Mo is
Chlorosis
71
The death of tissue is called
Necrosis
72
Necrosis is seen due to the deficiency of
Ca, Mg, Cu and K
73
Absence or low levels of N, K, S and Mo causes
Inhibition of cell division
74
Delay in flowering occurs due to lower concentrations of which nutrients?
N, S and Mo
75
A moderate increase in concentration of mineral ion above optimum value causes ___________
Toxicity
76
Any mineral ion concentration that reduces the dry weight of tissue by about _____% is considered toxic
10
77
Brown spots surrounded by chlorotic veins are the symptoms for toxicity of
Manganese
78
The element that competes with Fe and Mg for uptake is
Manganese
79
The element that inhibits calcium translocation in shoot apex is
Manganese
80
Toxicity of which element induce deficiencies of Fe, Mg and Ca?
Manganese
81
The passive uptake of ions into free or outer space of cells occurs by ________ pathway
Apoplastic
82
The passive movement of ions into the apoplast usually occurs through ____, the ______ proteins that function as selective pores.
Ion channels; trans-membrane proteins
83
Mineral salts are translocated through ___________
Xylem
84
The pull force for translocation through xylem is provided by
Transpiration
85
The process that enriches the soil with dissolved ions and inorganic salts is
Weathering and breakdown of rocks
86
Nitrogen fixing bacteria and matrix for stability is provided to plants by
Soil
87
Additional minerals to soil are added in the form of _____________
Fertilisers
88
The element which is most prevalent in plants apart from C, H and O and is component of amino acids, proteins, etc is
Nitrogen
89
Plants compete with which organisms for the limited amount of nitrogen available in soil?
Microbes
90
The process of conversion of nitrogen to ammonia is called
Nitrogen fixation
91
Nitrogen is converted to its oxides by energy provided through natural processes like
Lightning and UV radiation
92
To nitrogen cycle, industrial combustions and forest fires are a source of ____________
Nitrogen oxides
93
Decomposition of organic nitrogen of dead plants and animals into ammonia is called
Ammonification
94
Soil bacteria converts ammonia into
Nitrate
95
The bacteria that oxidises ammonia to nitrite is
Nitrosomonas or Nitrococcus
96
Nitrite is oxidised to nitrate with the help of bacterium
Nitrobacter
97
The oxidation of ammonia to nitrate and nitrite is called
Nitrification
98
The nitrifying bacteria are which type of autotrophs?
Chemoautotrophs
99
The form in which nitrogen is absorbed by the plants is
Nitrate
100
In leaves, nitrate is reduced to form ____________
Ammonia
101
Nitrate present in soil is reduced to nitrogen by the process of
Denitrification
102
Bacterium which can carry out denitrification is
Pseudomonas or Thiobacillus
103
In nitrogen cycle, Thiobacillus is involved in the process of
Denitrification
104
Reduction of nitrogen to ammonia by living organisms is called as
Biological nitrogen fixation
105
The enzyme of prokaryotes which are responsible for nitrogen reduction is
Nitrogenase
106
Name two freeliving nitrogenfixing aerobic microbes
Azotobacter and Beijernickia
107
A freeliving, anaerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria is
Rhodospirillum
108
Cyanobacteria responsible for fixing nitrogen are
Anabaena or Nostoc
109
The rodshaped bacteria that has symbiotic relationship with roots of legumes like alfaalfa, lentils,etc is
Rhizobium
110
The most common association on roots is in the form of outgrowths called
Nodules
111
The microbe which produces nitrogenfixing nodules on roots of non-leguminous plants is
Frankia
112
A nonleguminous plant on which Frankia produces root nodules is
Alnus
113
The nodules are pink due to the presence of ______________
Leg-haemoglobin
114
Rhizobia multiply and colonise the surroundings of roots and get attached to which cells of root?
Epidermal and root-hair cells
115
Before root hair is invaded by bacteria, what change occurs in its shape?
Curling
116
The process of nodule formation is initiated in the _________ of the root.
cortex
117
The enzyme which catalyses the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia in nodules is
Nitrogenase
118
Two essential elements constituting enzyme nitrogenase are
Fe and Mo
119
The first stable product of nitrogen fixation is
Ammonia
120
The molecules of ATP required to fix one molecule of nitrogen to two molecules of ammonia are
16
121
The enzyme nitrogenase is highly sensitive to ___________
Oxygen
122
The oxygen scavenger present in root nodules is
Leg-haemoglobin
123
Bacteria involved in nitrogen fixation live as free-living aerobes but during nitrogen fixation, they become ____________
Anaerobic
124
The reaction of nitrogen fixation is anaerobic to protect the sensitive enzyme
Nitrogenase
125
At physiological pH, ammonia is protonated to form ___________
Ammonium ion
126
Out of nitrate and ammonium ions, the molecule that is toxic to plants is
Ammonium ion
127
Ammonia is converted to glutamic acid by the process of
Reductive amination
128
The enzyme involved in synthesis of glutamate from α-ketoglutaric acid is
Glutamate dehydrogenase
129
Ammonia reacts with which acid to form glutamate by the process of reductive amination?
α-ketoglutaric acid
130
The process of transfer of amino group from one amino acid to the keto group of a keto acid is
Transamination
131
Most of the essential amino acids are synthesised by the process of
Transamination
132
The process of transamination is catalysed by the enzyme -
The process of transamination is catalysed by the enzyme -
133
Two most important amides of plants that are structural part of proteins are
Asparagine and Glutamine
134
To form glutamine, hydroxyl part of glutamic acid is replaced by
NH2 – radicle
135
Amides are transported to other parts of plant through
Xylem
136
Fixed nitrogen is transported via transpiration stream in soyabean as ________
Ureids
