Biodiversity Flashcards by Panjwani Tuition

Biodiversity is the term popularised by the sociobiologist:

Edward Wilson

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An active hormone secreted by Rauwolfia Vomitoria is:

reserpine

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A single species might high diversity at the ______ level over its distributional range

genetic

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Availability of 1000 varieties of mango varieties show diversity at the _____ level

genetic

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Western ghats have a greater ____ species diversity than Eastern ghats

amphibian

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Western ghats have more diversity of amphibians than the Eastern ghats. This is an example of ______ diversity

species

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Diversity at the ecosystem level is known as:

Ecological diversity

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IUCN stands for

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

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According to IUCN, the total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than ______ million

1.5

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Large proportion of the species waiting to be discovered are in the ______ regions

tropical

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According to Robert May, the global species diversity is estimated to be ____ million

7 million

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More than 70% of all the species recorded belongs to kingdom:

Animalia

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Plant kingdom accounts for ____% of the total living species

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The most species-rich taxonomic group making up mor than 70% of the total species are:

insects

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Although India has only 2.4 per cent of the world’s land area. It’s share of the global species diversity is an impressive _____ per cent

8.1

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The most well known pattern of diversity is:

Latitudinal gradients

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In general, species diversity ______ as we move away from the equator towards the pole

decreases

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Colombia located near the equator has nearly ______ species of birds

1400

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Newyork at _____ N has 105 species of birds

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Greenland has approximately ____ species of birds

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India has more than _____ species of birds

1200

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Amazonian rainforest is home to more than _____ species of plants

40,000

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In terms of speciation, ______ have remained undisturbed for millions of years

Tropical latitudes

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Constant environment of tropical regions promote _____ specialisation and thus, greater species diversity

niche

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There is more _____ energy available in the tropics, which contributes to higher productivity

solar

The greater German naturalist and geographer _______ observed that within a region species richness increased with increasing explored area

Alexander von Humboldt

The relation between species richness and area for a wide variety of taxa turns out to be a:

Rectangular hyperbola

S in species area relationship equation is:

Species richness

The equation for species area relationship is:

log S = log C + Z log A

Ecologists have discovered that the value of Z lies in the range of _____ regardless of the taxonomic group or the region

0.1 to 0.2

Slope value (Z) of frugivorous birds and mammals in the tropical forests is:

1.15

Ecologists believed that communities with more species, generally, tend to be more ______ than those with less species

Stable

David Tilman found that high _______ contributes to higher productivity

Species diversity

The 'Rivet popper hypothesis' was proposed by Stanford ecologist:

Paul Ehrlich

According to rivet popper hypothesis, _____ of key species that drive major ecosystem functions is a threat to ecosystem

Extinction

The IUCN Red List (2004) documents the extinction of _____ species in the last 500 years

784

Dodo got extinct from:

Mauritius

A native of Africa that got extinct is:

Quagga

Thylacine got extinct from:

Australia

Stellar's Sea Cow got extinct from:

Russia

Subspecies of tiger that recently got extinct are:

Bali, Javan, Caspian

______ per cent of all bird species and _____ per cent of all mammals species in the world face the threat of extinction

12; 23

______ per cent of all amphibian species and _____ per cent of all gymnosperm species in the world face the threat of extinction

32; 31

Before the appearance of human species on earth, there were ____ episodes of mass extinction of species

five

Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to decline in:

Plant production

Loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as ____

drought

The sobriquet used to describe four major causes of biodiversity loss is:

The evil quartet

The most important cause driving plants and animals to extinction is _____ and ____

Habitat loss and fragmentation

Tropical rainforests now cover only ______% of the earth's land surface

The rainforest called the 'lungs of the planet' is :

The Amazon rain forest

The Amazon rain forest is being cut and cleared for cultivating _________

Soya beans

Amazon rain forest is being cut and cleared for conversion to ______ for raising beef cattle

grasslands

Fragmentation affects certain animals with ______ habitats, leading to population declines

migratory

When 'need' turns to 'greed', it leads to _____ of natural resources

over-exploitation

Name two species which got extinct due to over-exploitation of natural resources

Steller's sea cow and passenger pigeon

When alien species are introduced unintentionally or deliberately for whatever purpose, some of them turn invasive, and cause decline or extinction of ______ species

indigenous

Introduction of which species into Lake Victoria in East Africa led to extinction of cichlid fish?

Nile perch

Name three invasive weed species

Parthenium, Lantana, Eicchornia

Carrot grass is common name of:

Parthenium

Water hyacinth is common name of:

Eicchornia

Illegal introduction of which African catfish is posing a threat to indigenous catfishes in rivers?

Clarias gariepinus

When a species become extinct, plant or animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct, this is called:

co-extincton

Extinction of host fish along with its parasite is an example of:

co-extinction

Name some industrial products we get from plants

Tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins, perfumes

More than ______% of drugs in use are derived from plants

Conserving biodiversity for economic benefits is related to which argument?

Narrowly utilitarian

The argument for biodiversity conservation that says biodiversity plays a major role in many ecosystem services that nature provides is:

Broadly utilitarian

Amazon rain forest produces approximately ______% of total oxygen on earth's atmosphere

The service of nature without which plants cannot propagate is:

pollination

Name some pollinating agents

Bees, bumblebees, birds and bats

Which argument for conserving biodiversity relates to intrinsic value of every species?

Ethical argument

The on-site conservation of biodiversity is called:

In situ conservation

Desirable approach for conserving endangered or threatened species is:

Ex situ conservation

Species that are confined to a particular region and not found anywhere else are called:

Endemic species

Total number of biodiversity hotspots in the world stands at:

The regions which face accelerated habitat loss are:

Biodiversity hotspots

The three hotspots that cover India's high biodiversity regions are:

Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma and Himalaya

Biodiversity hotspots account for less than _____% of the total earth's land area

In India, ecologically unique and biodiversity rich regions are legally protected as:

Biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries

Total number of biosphere reserves in India stands at

Total number of national parks in India stands at:

The number of wildlife sanctuaries in India stands at:

448

The forests which are venerated and protected due to cultural practices are called:

Sacred groves

Sacred groves in Meghalaya are found in:

Khasi and Jaintia Hills

Sacred groves of Rajasthan are found in:

Aravali Hills

Western Ghats regions of Karnataka and Maharashtra are an example of:

Sacred groves

Sacred groves are found in ______ areas of Madhya Pradesh?

Sarguja, Chanda, Bastar

Sacred groves of ______ regions are the last refuge for a large number of rare and threatened plants?

Meghalaya

The type of conservation in which threatened plants and animals are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in a protective setting is:

Ex situ conservation

Off-site conservation of threatened species is done by protecting them in _______, _______ and ________

Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks

Gametes of threatened species are preserved in viable and fertile condition using _____ techniques

cryopreservation

Seeds of different genetic strains of commercially important plants is kept for preservation in:

Seed banks

The Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro in year:

1992

World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in 2002 in:

Johannesburg, South Africa

How many countries pledged their commitment during World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002?

190 countries

Mark A, B and C in the following figure

A) S = CA^Z B) species richness C) log S = log C + Z log A