Cell - The unit of life Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

The structural and fundamental unit of life is

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Living cell was first described by

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The nucleus was discovered by

A

Robert brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The structural components of a cell were well defined after the discovery of _____

A

electron microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A german botanist who observed that all plants are composed of different kinds of cells which form tissues was

A

Matthias Schleiden

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The thin outer layer of animal cells, now known as plasma membrane, was first reported by

A

Theodore Schwann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The scientists who together formulated the cell theory were ____ and _____

A

Schleiden and Schwann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The scientist who first explained that cells divide and new cells form from pre-existing cells was

A

Rudolf Virchow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The outer boundary of a typical plant cell is _____

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DNA containing chromosomes are structures located inside _____

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The cells which possess membrane bound nuclei are called

A

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cells which lack membrane bound nucleus are called

A

prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The cell volume is occupied by semi-fluid matrix is called as

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Majority of cellular activities which keep a cell in living state are performed in ____

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The non-membrane bound organelles found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The organelle which contains ribosomes and is specifically present in plants is

A

chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Apart from cytoplasm, organelles containing ribosomes in animals are

A

Mitochondria and rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The type of ER possessing ribosomes is

A

rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A non membrane bound organelle which helps in cell division is

A

centrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The smallest living cells are

A

Mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The length of mycoplasmas is

A

0.3um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The size of bacteria ranges from

A

3 to 5im

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The largest isolated single cell is an egg of _____

A

ostrich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diameter of a human RBC is

A

7um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name four prokaryotes

A

bacteria, blue - green algae, mycoplasma and PPLO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PPLO stands for

A

Pleuro Pneumonia Like organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The rod shaped bacteria are generally called

A

Bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The spherical shaped bacteria are generally called

A

Coccus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The comma shaped bacteria are generally called

A

Vibrio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The shape of spirillium bacteria

A

Spiral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A prokaryote which lack cell wall is

A

Mycoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The fluid matrix filling a cell is

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Naked nucleus without nuclear membrane are characteristics of

A

Prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A small circular DNA outside genomic DNA in bacteria is

A

Plasmid DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A phenotypic character provided to bacteria by plasmid DNA is

A

Resistance to antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The ______ conifers certain unique phenotypic characters to bacteria

A

Plasmid DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Well organised nucleus with a nuclear membrane is the characteristic feature of _____ cells

A

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

_____ is the only organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

A specialised differentiated form of cell membrane called ____ is the characteristic of prokaryotes

A

mesosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Mesosomes are essential infoldings of

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Tightly bound three layered structure of bacterial cell envelope consists of

A

Glycocalyx, cell wall and plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The three layered cell envelope of bacteria is ____ in function

A

protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

The outermost layer of cell envelope in bacteria is

A

glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

On the basis of gram staining, bacteria are classified as

A

Gram positive and gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Bacteria that take up the gram stain are ____ and the others that donot are called _____ bacteria

A

gram positive; gram negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

The layer of cell envelope whose composition and thickness varies to large extent

A

Glycocalyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The loose sheath of glycocalyx in bacteria is called

A

Slime layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The thick sheath of glycocalyx in bacteria is called

A

capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Which determines the shape of cell?

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The structural component of a abcterial cell that prevents bacterium from byrsting or collapsing

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The selectively permeable membrane of cells is

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The membrane which is structurally similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

A membranous structure which is formed by the extensions of plasma membrane into the cells is

A

mesosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

The extensions of cell membrane are in the form of

A

vesicles, tubules and lamella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

One major role of mesosomes is

A

DNA replication/ cell wall formation/DNA distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Which part of cell membrane assists in DNA replication?

A

Mesosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

The surface area of plasma membrane gets increased due to the presence of

A

Mesosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Pigment containing membranous extensions in cyanobacteria are called

A

chromatophores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Motile bacteria have thin filamentous extensions from their cell wall, known as

A

flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

The three main parts of bacterial flagellum are

A

filament, hook and basal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

The longest portion of bacterial flagellum is

A

filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

The two surface structures of bacteria which donot play role in locomotion are

A

pili and fimbrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

The elongated tubular structures composed of protein in bacteria are

A

pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the bacterial cell are

A

fimbrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

The structures which are known to attach bacteria to rocks in streams or to hosts are

A

fimbrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Ribosomes are associated with the _____ of cell in prokaryotes

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

The average size of prokaryotic ribosome is

A

15 nm by 20 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

The two sub-units of prokaryotic ribosomes are

A

50S and 30S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

50S and 30S subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes together form

A

70S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Ribosomes are the site of

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Several ribosomes may attach to a single mRNA and form a chain called ____

A

Polyribosomes or polysome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

The ribosomes of a polysome translate the ____ into _____

A

mRNA into proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Reserve material in prokaryotic cells is stored in the cytoplasm in the form of

A

Inclusion bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Phosphate granule is an example of

A

Inclusion body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Gas vacuoles are the types of _____ bodies found in blue green and purple and green photosynthetic bacteria

A

inclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Gas vacuoles are found in which bacteria?

A

blue green, purple and green photosynthetic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

In eukaryotic cells, there is an extensive compartmentalisation of cytoplasm through the presence of _____

A

membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

The cells possessing complex locomotory and cytoskeletal structures are

A

Eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Eukaryotic cells possess and organised nucleus with

A

nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

The genetic material of eukaryoties is organised into

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

The organelles that are present in plant cell but not in animal cell are

A

plastids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

The characteristic feature of animal cells in the presence of

A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

The chemical studies on the cell membrane, especially in _____,enabled the scientist to deduce the possible structure of plasma membrane

A

Human red blood cells (RBC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Cell membrane is mainly composed of

A

Lipids and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

The major lipids in cell membrane are

A

phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Phospholipids in cell membrane are arranged in a

A

bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

In a lipid bilayer, the part of lipids that lie towards inside is

A

hydrophobic tails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

In addition to phospholipids membrane also contains _____

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Apart from cholesterol and lipids, other biomolecules that make up the cell membrane are

A

proteins and carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

The % of proteins in membrane of human erythrocyte is

A

52%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

The % of lipid in membrane of human erythrocyte is

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Membrane proteins are classified as

A

integral and peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

The proteins that lie on the surface of membrane are called

A

peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

The protens that are partially or totally buried in membrane are called

A

integral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

The fluid mosaic model was proposed by

A

singer and nicolson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

Fluid mosaic model was proposed in year

A

1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

According to fluid mosaic model, what nature of lipid enables lateral movement of proteins?

A

Quasi-fluid nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

The quasi-fluid nature of lipid enables which movement of proteins within bilayer?

A

lateral movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

The ability of protein to move within membrane is measured as its _____

A

fluidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

The fluid nature of membrane is important for

A

cellular functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Transport of molecules across itself is the most important function of _____

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

The nature of permeability of plasma membrane is

A

selectively membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

The movement of molecules across the membrane without any requirement of energy is called

A

passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

Neutral molecules move across the membrane by the process of

A

simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Simple diffusion occurs along the _____ gradient

A

concentration

106
Q

Movement of water by diffusion is called

A

osmosis

107
Q

The type of molecules which require protein to facilitate their transport across membrane are

A

polar molecules

108
Q

The proteins required by polar molecules to facilitate their treansport are called

A

carrier proteins

109
Q

During active transport, molecules are transported _____ the concentation gradient

A

against

110
Q

Active transport occurs with the utilization of ______

A

ATP

111
Q

The type of transport during which ATP is utilised is

A

Active transport

112
Q

An example of active transport is

A

Na+/ K+ pump

113
Q

The non living rigid structure forming the outer covering of plasma membrane in fungi and plants is called

A

cell wall

114
Q

Cell wall acts as an outer covering for which membrane?

A

plasma membrane

115
Q

_____ forms an outer covering for the plasma membrane of fungi and plants

A

cell wall

116
Q

Cell wall protects the cell from _____ and _____

A

mechanical damage and infection

117
Q

Cell wall provides barrier to _____

A

undesirable macromolecules

118
Q

Algae cell wall is primarily composed of

A

cellulose, galactans, mannans and mineral like calcium carbonate

119
Q

Name a mineral component of algal cell wall

A

calcium carbonate

120
Q

Plant cell wall is composed of

A

cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins and proteins

121
Q

The cell wall of young plants which is capable of growth is

A

primary wall

122
Q

The layer of cell which specifically holds different neighbouring cells together in plants is

A

middle lamella

123
Q

Middle lamella in plants mainly composed of

A

calcium pectate

124
Q

The cell wall and middle lamellae are traversed by _____

A

plasmodesmata

125
Q

Cytoplasm of neighbouring cells are connected by _____

A

plasmodesmata

126
Q

ER, golgi complex, lysosomes and vacuoles are the part of _____ system

A

endomembrane system

127
Q

The organelles whose functions are coordinated, are considered as a part of ____ system

A

endomembrane

128
Q

Name three organelles which are not a part of endomembrane system

A

mitochondria, chloroplast and peroxisomes

129
Q

The organelle which divides intracellular space into luminal and extra luminal is

A

endoplasmic recticulum

130
Q

The recticulum of tiny tubular structures scattered in the cytoplasm is called

A

endoplasmic recticulum

131
Q

The region inside ER is called

A

luminal

132
Q

The region outside ER is called

A

extra luminal

133
Q

The ER often shows _____ attached to their outer surface

A

ribosomes

134
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum bearing ribosomes on their surface is called

A

RER

135
Q

The ER devoid of ribosomes is called as

A

SER

136
Q

The ER involved in active protein synthesis is

A

RER

137
Q

RER is _____ and continous with the outer membrane of the _____

A

extensive; nucleus

138
Q

The site of lipid syntheisis in ER is

A

SER

139
Q

Lipids like steroidal hormones in animals cells are synthesised by

A

SER

140
Q

Golgi bodies were first observed by

A

camillo golgi

141
Q

Flat, disc-shaped sacs are called

A

cisternae

142
Q

The diameter of sacs of Golgi varies from_____ to _____

A

0.5 um to 1 um

143
Q

The golgi cisternae around nucleus are arranged _____

A

concentrically

144
Q

The forming face of golgi body is called

A

convex cis

145
Q

Concave trans is the _____ face of golgi body

A

maturing

146
Q

The primary function of golgi apparatus is

A

packaging of materials

147
Q

Materials to be packed in the form of vesicles from ER fuse with which face of golgi?

A

cis

148
Q

Proteins synthesised by ribosomes are modified by

A

golgi apparatus

149
Q

Modified roteins from cisternae are released through ____ of golgi apparatus

A

trans face

150
Q

Golgi apparatus is an important site for the formation of _____ and ______

A

glycoproteins and glycolipids

151
Q

Membrane bound vesicular structures formed by the process of packing in the golgi apprartus are called

A

lysosomes

152
Q

Which organelle forms lysosomes?

A

golgi apparatus

153
Q

Lysosomal vesicles are rich in ______

A

hydrolytic enzymes

154
Q

The hydrolases present in lysosomes are -

A

lipases, proteases, carbohydrases

155
Q

Enzymes of lysosomal vesicles get active at ____ pH

A

acidic

156
Q

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nuclei acids in lysosomes are digested by enzymes

A

Hydrolases

157
Q

The membrane bound space found in cytoplasm is

A

vacuole

158
Q

Water, sap, excretory waste are stored in

A

vacuoles

159
Q

The vacuole is bound by a single membrane called

A

tonoplast

160
Q

Vacuoles can occupy upto how much volume of plant cell?

A

90%

161
Q

The transport of number of ions and other materials against concentration gradients into the vacuole is facilitated by

A

tonoplast

162
Q

The vacuole responsible for excretion in Amoeba is

A

contractile vacuole

163
Q

Food vacuoles are formed by engulfing food particles in

A

protists

164
Q

The number of mitochondria in a cell depends on _____ of the cell

A

physiological activity

165
Q

The diameter of mitochondria varies from ____ to _____

A

0.2 to 1 um

166
Q

The length of mitochondria varies from ____ to ____

A

1 to 4.1 um

167
Q

Each mitochondrion is a ____ structure

A

double membrane-bound

168
Q

The inner compartment of mitochondria is filled witha dense homogenous sustance called

A

matrix

169
Q

The membrane of mitochondria forming the continous limitiong boundary of the organelle is

A

outer mitochondrial membrane

170
Q

The inner mitochondrial membrane forms a number of infoldinds called

A

cristae

171
Q

The infoldings increasing the surface area of mitochondria are

A

cristae

172
Q

Mitochondria is the site of which respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration

173
Q

Energy is released by mitochondria in the form of

A

ATP

174
Q

Mitochondria is also called

A

power house of cell

175
Q

The ribosomal subunits preesnt in mitochondrial matrix are

A

70S

176
Q

Mitochondria divides by

A

fission

177
Q

The pigment imparting organelles present in plants and some euglenoids is

A

plastids

178
Q

Plastids are classified into chloroplast, leucoplast and chromoplast on the basis of

A

Pigments

179
Q

Choroplhyll containing plastids are called

A

chloroplasts

180
Q

Along with chlorophyll, chloroplast contains

A

carotenoids pigments

181
Q

Light energy trapped by pigments of chloroplats is required for

A

photosynthesis

182
Q

Name two fat soluble carotenoids pigments of chromoplasts

A

carotene and xanthophyll

183
Q

The three colours provided to plants by chromoplast are

A

yellow, orange or red colour

184
Q

The colourless plastids are called

A

leucoplats

185
Q

The function of leucoplast is to

A

store nutrients

186
Q

Carbohydrates storing leucoplasts are called

A

amyloplasts

187
Q

Leucoplast storing oils and fats is called

A

Elaioplasts

188
Q

Protein storing leucoplast is known as

A

Aleuroplasts

189
Q

Majority of chloroplast of green plants is found in which cells?

A

Mesophyll cells

190
Q

Number of chloroplast in Chlamydomonas is ___ per cell

A

one

191
Q

Number of chloroplast in a mesophyll cell is _____ per cell

A

20-40

192
Q

______ chloroplast membrane is less permeabe

A

Inner

193
Q

The space limited by inner membrane of the chloroplast is called

A

Stroma

194
Q

Thylakoids are present in

A

stroma

195
Q

A number of organised flattened membranous sacs present in the stroma are called

A

Thylakoids

196
Q

Thylakoids are arranged in piles called

A

grana

197
Q

The flat membranous tubule joining thylakoids of different grana are called

A

stroma lamella

198
Q

The stroma of chloroplast contains enzymes required for the synthesis of ____ and ____

A

carbohydrates and proteins

199
Q

The pigments present in thylakoids are called

A

chlorophyll pigments

200
Q

The ribosomal subunit present in chloroplast is

A

70S

201
Q

Ribosomes were first observed under electron microscope by

A

george palade

202
Q

Ribosomes are composed of _____ and _____

A

RNA and proteins

203
Q

The membrane less, protein syn thesising organelles are called

A

ribosomes

204
Q

The eukaryotic ribosome is ____

A

80S

205
Q

The prokaryotic ribosome is ____

A

70S

206
Q

The two subunits of 80S ribosome are

A

60S and 40S

207
Q

The two subunits of 70S ribosome are

A

50S and 30S

208
Q

S (Svedberg’s Unit) in ribosomal subunit stands for

A

Sedimentation coefficient

209
Q

Sedimentation coefficient is the measure of _____ and _____

A

density and size

210
Q

An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures consisting of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments present in the cytoplasm is collectively referred to as

A

cytoskeleton

211
Q

Cytoskeleton is composed of proteinaceous structures like

A

microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments

212
Q

Two hair like outgrowths of the cell membrane are

A

cilia and flagella

213
Q

The small structures causing movement of either cell surrounding fluid are called

A

Cilium

214
Q

The small structures causing movement of either cell surrounding fluid are called

A

Cilium

215
Q

An extension longer than cilia which is responsible for cellular movement is

A

Flagella

216
Q

Cilium and flagellum are covered by

A

Plasma membrane

217
Q

The core of flagellum or cilium is called

A

axoneme

218
Q

Axoneme consists of number of _____ running in parallel to long axis

A

microtubules

219
Q

Axoneme has ____ of radially arranged peripheral microtubules

A

nine doublets

220
Q

The arrangement of axonemal microtubules is called

A

9+2 array

221
Q

Central sheath is connected to one of the tubules of each peripheral doublets by

A

radial spoke

222
Q

The number of radial spokes in 9 + 2 arrangement is

A

Nine

223
Q

Peripheral doublets are interconnected by

A

Linkers

224
Q

The cilium and flagellum emerge from centriole like structure called

A

basal bodies

225
Q

An organelle usually containing two cylindrical structures called

A

centrosome

226
Q

Centrosomes are surrounded by

A

amorphous pericentriolar material

227
Q

Centrioles in centrosome lie _____ to each other

A

perpendicular

228
Q

Centrioles are made up of ____ evenly spaced peripheral fibrils of tubulin protein

A

nine

229
Q

The protein forming peripheral fibrils in centriole is

A

Tubulin protein

230
Q

Each of the _____ in centriole is a triplet

A

peripheral fibril

231
Q

The proteinaceous, cental part of proximal region of centriole is called

A

hub

232
Q

Hub is connected with tubules of peripheral triplets by

A

radial spokes

233
Q

Radial spokes are composed of

A

Protein

234
Q

The basal body of cilia or flagella is formed by

A

Centrioles

235
Q

The basal body of spindle fibres is formed by

A

Centriole

236
Q

Nucleus was first described by

A

Robert brown

237
Q

The material of the nucleus stained by the basic dyes was given by the name chromatin by

A

Flemming

238
Q

Nucleolus, chromatin and nuclear matrix are characteristics of which nucleus ?

A

Interphase nucleus

239
Q

The space between two parallel membrane of nuclear envelope is called

A

perinuclear envelope

240
Q

The outer membrane of nucleus remains continous with

A

endoplasmic reticulum

241
Q

The outer membrane of nucleus remains continuous with ER and bears

A

ribosomes

242
Q

Movement of RNA and protein between nucleus and cytoplasm takes place through

A

nuclear pores

243
Q

Some mature cells in mammals lacking nucleus are

A

Erthrocytes

244
Q

The plant cells devoid of nucleus are

A

Sieve tube cells

245
Q

The nuclear matrix or the nucleoplasm contains _____ and _____

A

nucleus and chromatin

246
Q

The spherical structures present in nucleoplasm are called

A

nucleoli

247
Q

The site of active ribosomal RNA synthesis in nucleus is

A

Nucleolus

248
Q

Chromatin primarily contains

A

DNA

249
Q

Basic proteins present in chromatin are

A

histones

250
Q

Human beings have _____ pairs of chromosomes

A

23

251
Q

The primary constriction on chromosome is called

A

Centromere

252
Q

Kinetochores are present on the sides of

A

Centromere

253
Q

The disc shaped structures present on the sides of centromere are called

A

KInetochores

254
Q

A chromosomes having middle centromere forming two equal arms of the chromosome is called

A

Metacentric chromosome

255
Q

A chromosome whose centromere is slightly away from the middle of the chromosome resulting in one shorter and one longer arm is called

A

sub-metacentric chromosome

256
Q

The centromere is situated close to its end forming one extremely short and one very long arm in ____ chromosome

A

acrocentric chromosome

257
Q

Chromosomes having terminal centromere are called

A

Telocentric chromosome

258
Q

Secondary constriction in chromosomes give appearance of __________

A

satellite

259
Q

Minute enzyme containing vesicles in both plants and animals are called

A

Microbodies

260
Q

Each mitochondrion is a double membrane-bound structure with the outer membrane and the inner membrane dividing its lumen distinctly into _____ compartments.

A

Two aqueous compartments