Biomolecules Flashcards
1
Q
Acid soluble pool or filtrate form a living tissue is rich in
A
Organic compounds
2
Q
The carbon compounds extracted from living tissues are called
A
Biomolecules
3
Q
A fully burnt tissue i.e., ash will give you access to ____ elements
A
Inorganic elements
4
Q
The predominant element in human body, after oxygen is
A
Carbon
5
Q
Amino acids are organic compounds containing an amino group and an acidic group and an acidic group as substituents on the same carbon i.e., the alpha-carbon. Hence, they are called
A
alpha - amino acids
6
Q
Alpha amino acids are substituted _____
A
Methanes
7
Q
Amino acids which occur in proteins are only ____ in number
A
Twenty
8
Q
The R group of glycine is
A
Hydrogen
9
Q
The amino acid possessing methyl group as an R group is
A
Alanine
10
Q
The R group of serine is
A
Hydroxy methyl
11
Q
Chemically, glutamic acid is an
A
Acidic amino acid
12
Q
An example of a basic amino acid is
A
Lysine
13
Q
The charge on valine under normal conditions is
A
Zero
14
Q
The three aromatic amino acids are
A
Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan
15
Q
Structurally, Phenylalanine is an
A
Aromatic amino acid
16
Q
Two ionisable groups of amino acids are particulary ___ and ____
A
-COOH and -NH2
17
Q
The net charge on zwitter ionic form an amino acid is
A
Zero
18
Q
Simple fatty acids which are not soluble in water are called
A
Lipids
19
Q
In a fatty acid, R group is attached to ____ group
A
Carboxyl
20
Q
Carbon atoms in an R group of fatty acid, excluding carboxyl carbon, can vary upto
A
19
21
Q
A fatty acid containing 16 carbons in total is named as
A
Palmitic acid
22
Q
Carbon atoms present in arachidonic acid are
A
20
23
Q
Fatty acid without double bond are called
A
Saturated fatty acid
24
Q
Unsaturated fatty acids contains one or more ____ bonds
A
C = C double
25
Glycerol is common name for
Trihydroxy propane
26
Monoglycerides are composed of both ___ and ____
Fatty acids and glycerol
27
Oils remain as liquid even during winter due to
low melting point
28
Lecithin is an example of
Phosphoipid
29
The tissues having lipids with more compex structures are
Neutral tissues
30
A nitrogen base attached to sugar forms a
nucleoslide
31
Nucleotide is composed of nucleoslide and ___
phosphate group
32
Uridine is a
Nucleoside
33
A phosphate group attached to thymidine forms ____
Thymidylic acid (a nucleotide)
34
The building block of DNA and RNA is
Nucleotide
35
In nucleotide, phosphate group is attached to
Sugar
36
The two most abundant elements found in living organism, other than oxygen are
Carbon and nitrogen
37
The metabolite compounds other than primary metabolites found in plants, fungal and microbial cells are called ____
Secondary metabolites
38
Morphine and codeine are secondary metabolites categorized under
Alkaloids
39
The two secondary metabolites which function as plant pigments are ____ and ____
Carotenoids and anthocyanins
40
A terpenoid of ecological importance is
Monoterpenes or diterpenes
41
Name three compounds which are secondary metabolites used as polymeric substances
Rubber, gum and cellulose
42
The metabolites which are important for normal physiological processes are
Primary metabolites
43
A toxin produced as a secondary metabollite
Ricin or abrin
44
Antibiotics and spices are the examples of
secondary metabolites
45
The molecular weight of compounds in acid-soluble pool ranges from
18 - 800 daltons
46
The biomolecules having molecular weight of less than 1000 daltons are referred to as
micromolecules
47
Proteins, nuclei acids, lipids and polysaccharides are found in acid ____ fraction
insoluble
48
The compound of acid insoluble pool which is not polymeric substance is
Lipids
49
The molecular weight of lipid molecular does not exceed ____ daltons
800
50
Compounds in acid insoluble pool with the exception of _____, have molecular weights in the range of ten thousand daltons and above
lipids
51
Acid insoluble pool includes macromolecules from both ____ and ____
cytoplasm and organelles
52
The most abundant chemical found in living organisms is
water
53
Proteins are linear chains of
Amino acids
54
Amino acids in a polypeptide are linked by ____
peptide bond
55
The type of amino acids supplied through our diet are called
Essential amino acids
56
The building blocks of enzymes are some hormones are
Proteins
57
Proteins which enables glucose transport in cells is
GLUT-4
58
The most abundant protein in animal world is
Collagen
59
The most abundant protein in whole biosphere is
RuBisCO
60
Polysaccharides are macromolecules that are composed of ____
Sugars
61
Cellulose is a polymer of
Glucose
62
Polymer of fructose is known as
Inulin
63
The store house of energy in plant tissues is
Starch
64
The molecules starch can hold in its helical structure are
I2 (iodine)
65
Plant cell walls are made of ____
Cellulose
66
The major component of paper and cotton fibre is
Cellulose
67
Exoskeleton of arthropods is composed of
Chitin
68
The fraction of living tissue in which nuclei acids are found is
Acid insoluble pool
69
The building block of nuclei acid is
Nucleotide
70
Nucleotide is composed of a heterocyclic compound, monosaccharide and _____
phosphate group
71
The heterocyclic component of nucleotide is
nitrogenous base
72
Adenine and guanine are substitued ____
Purines
73
Cytosine is a substituted _____
Pyrimidine
74
The sugar found in RNA is
Ribose or a monosaccharide pentose
75
The sugar found in DNA is
2' deoxyribose
76
The pyrimidines found in nuclei acid are ____, _____ and ____
cytosine, uracil and thymine
77
The structure of protein depicting the sequence of amino acids is
primary structure
78
The first amino acid of a polypeptide chain is referred as
N-terminal amino acid
79
The last structure of the primary structure of protein is
C - terminal amino acid
80
The type of helix observed in secondary structure of protein is
Right-handed helix
81
The protein structure which gives a 3-dimensional view is
Tertiary structure
82
The structure of protein required for most of the biological activites is
Tertiary structure
83
Proteins arranged as linear string of spheres and spheres arranged upon one another gives ____ structures
Quaternary
84
Two types of subunits making up adult human haemoglobin are ____ and ____
Alpha and beta
85
Total number of subunits making up the structure of adult human haemoglobin are
Four
86
The chemical process involved in the formation of a peptide bond is
Dehydration
87
Peptide bond is formed between carboxyl group of one amino acid and ____ group of next amino acid
amino
88
The molecule that get eliminated during the formation of peptide bond is
Water
89
Individual monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are linked together by
Glycosidic bond
90
Formation of glycosidic bond leads to the elimination of
water molecule
91
The bond between phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar in a nuclei acid is
Ester bond
92
Nucleotides in a nucleic acid are linked by
Phosphodiester bond
93
According to Watson Crick model, DNA exists in secondary structure as
Double helix
94
The backbone of DNA is formed by
Sugar phosphate sugar chain
95
The component of nuclei acid projecting inwards in DNA helix is
Nitrogenous base
96
In DNA, A and T are linked to each other by
Two hydrogen bonds
97
G and C in nucleic acid are bonded by
Three hydrogen bonds
98
The number of base pairs involved in one full turn of helical strand are
10
99
The pitch of DNA helix is
34 A
100
The rise per base pair in B- DNA is
3.4 A
101
Metabolites are converted into each other in series of linked reactions called
Metabolic pathways
102
The catalyst which increase the rate of metabolic reaction in living system are called
Enzymes
103
Enzymes are composed of
proteins
104
Metabolic pathways that lead to synthesis of complex structures from simpler structures are called
Anabolic pathways
105
Metabolic pathways that involve degradation of complex substances to yield simpler structures are called
Catabolic pathways
106
During anabolic reactions, energy is
Consumed
107
Degradation of glucose to lactic acid in skeletal muscles is an example of
Catabolic pathways
108
The most important energy currency of living systems is
ATP
109
The concentration of glucose in blood of a normal healthy individual is _____ mmol/L
4.2 - 6.1
110
The nuclei acids that behave as enzymes are called
Ribozymes
111
The structure of enzyme that depicts its active site is
Tertiary structure
112
The site of enzymes where the substrate fits is called
Active site
113
The catalyst that can work at high temperatures and high pressures are
Inorganic catalyst
114
The catalyst which get damaged at high temperatures are
enzymes
115
Rate of reaction doubles or decreases by half for every ___ change in either direction
10 C
116
The enzyme catalysing the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide and water is
Carbonic anhydrase
117
Under anaerobic conditions, glucose in skeletal muscles is converted to ____
lactic acid
118
In yeast, during fermentation, breakdown of glucose leads to the formation of
ethanol
119
What is converted by enzymes into product?
substrate
120
Transition state structure is formed when substrate binds to ____ site
Enzyme active
121
The formation of which complex in an enzymatic process is a transient phenomenon?
ES complex
122
When energy of product is lower that that of substrate, the rate of reaction is
Exothermic
123
The difference in energy content of 'S' from that of transition state is called
activation energy
124
Formation of which complex is essential for catalysis in a chemical reaction?
ES complex
125
Enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature called
Optimum temperature
126
Enzyme remains inactive at low temperature while enzymatic structure denatures at ____ temperatures
High
127
Velocity of an enzymatic reaction does not exceed beyond ___
Maximum velocity
128
When an inhibitor closely resembles the substrates in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as
Competitive inhibitor
129
Malonate closely resembles the substrate ____
succinate
130
Dehydrogenases generally catalyse the reaction of ___
oxireduction
131
Enzymes catalysing hydrolysis fall under the class-
Hydrolases
132
Enzymes that catalyse removal of groups from substrate by mechanism other than hydrolysis, leaving double bonds are categorised under class-
Lyases
133
Reaction linking together two compounds are catalysed by
ligases
134
Enzymes involved in interconversion of optical, geometric or positional isomers are
isomerases
135
Non-protein constituents that are bound to enzymes to make them catalytically active are called
Co-factors
136
The protein part of enzymes is called
Apoenzyme
137
Prosthetic groups, coenzymes and metal ions are
Co-factors
138
The cofactors that are organic compounds tightly bound to apoenzyme are known as
Prosthetic groups
139
The prosthetic group in peroxidase and catalase which catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen is
Haem
140
The organic compounds whose association with apoenzyme is transient, usually occurring during the course of catalysis are known as ___
Co-enzymes
141
Coenzyme NAD contains vitamin-
Niacin
142
The bond formed by metal ions during their association with active site as well as substrate are
Co-ordination bonds
143
The metal ion acting as a cofactor for carboxypeptidase is
Zinc
144
Write the name of amino acid which does not contain chiral centre?
NH2 - CH2- COOH (glycine)
