STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY HATCHER 7

Question 1

imperfectios in crystal lattice

Answer 1

Defects

Question 2

involves a foreign ion or atom in a lattice site or a normal atom out of its proper place, may be introduced while the crystal is forming

Answer 2

Substitution or Interstitial Defects

Question 3

defects when an unoccupied site is produced due to irradiation by high energy particles and by sudden cooling of a crystal from high temp

Answer 3

Vacancies

Question 4

A line on a crystallograhic slip plane that separates the slipped from the unslipped portion of a crystal

Answer 4

Dislocation

Question 5

Lines dislocation in w/c slip sense across the crystalloraphic slip plane is normal to the dislocation

Answer 5

Edge Dislocation

Question 6

Lines dislocation in w/c slip sense across the crystalloraphic slip plane is parallell to the dislocation

Answer 6

Screw Disolications

Question 7

Describing edge or screew dislocations

Answer 7

Burgers Vectors or Circuit

Question 8

Consist of irregularities in the repeat order of unit cells in a series of layers in a lattice

Answer 8

Stacking Faults (As in pagkakamali)

Question 9

A deformation that occur in a crystal by HOMOGENOUS SIMPLE SHEAR that causes movement of a dislocation located parallel to an existing crystallographic plane thus having an offset planes called slip systems

Answer 9

Dislocation or Translational Gliding
aka Mechanical Crystal Plasticity

Question 10

A defomration by Homogenous simple shear that produces DEFLECTION SLIP of less than 1 repeat interval along crystallographic planes thus producing Shear induced twinning of the crystal

Answer 10

Twin Gliding

Question 11

Brittle deformation concentrated on movement surfaces that have NO COHESION which produces granulation of rock at LOW T and P with high strain rate

Answer 11

Cataclasis

Question 12

Cohesive rocks produced by this brittle granulation of rocks mostly angular

Answer 12

Cataclasite

Question 13

Ductilely formed fault rocks which iccurs under conditions of moderate to low strain rate and high temp

Answer 13

Mylonite

Question 14

Brittle deformation (microscopic) which produces apparent flow of fine grain material.
Ductile sa labas pero net effect lang ng cataclasis

Answer 14

Cataclastic Flow

Question 15

Behavior that shows apparent megascopic ductile behaviour but is shown to be brittle in microscopic scale

Answer 15

Triboplastic

Question 16

Indication of Cataclasis

Answer 16

Megascopic Breccia
Gouge, Fault and Fractures
Microbreccia and Microfarctures

Question 17

aka steady state deformation mechanisms

Answer 17

Creep Processes

Question 18

Dissolution under stress of soluble constituents particularly qtz and calcite and is generally active at LOW to MOD Temp<350 in THE PRESENCE OF WATER

Answer 18

Pressure Solution

Question 19

What makes a rock more susceptible to pressure solution?

Answer 19

Fine Grains sizes and presnce of impurities

Question 20

Irregular surface coated with insoluble minerals parallel to the bedding formed during diaganeses

Answer 20

Stylolites

Question 21

what distinguishes a diagenetic stylolite to a tectonic stylolite?

Answer 21

Diagenetic sub parallel
Tectonic High angles ot the bedding

Question 22

Processes that dominate at Temp >400 where there is a THERMALLY DRIVE DIFFUSION MASS TRANSFER along grain boundaries especially when water from pressure solution becomes less efficient and there is an additional heat energy acceleration

Answer 22

Cobble Creep or
Grain boundary Diffusion Creep

Question 23

A two step process that includes both strain (Glide) and accomodation of the lattice (Climb) to such strain driven by Mod to High Temp and Pressure

Glide - the movement of Edge Dislocation
Creep - the recovery of the lattice form the glide

Answer 23

Dislocation Creep

Question 24

This involves diffusion of point defects particularly vacancies through crystals toward points of high stress.

Mapuputa ung vacanies sa region of high stress

Answer 24

Volume -Diffusion Creep
Nabarro-Herring Creep

Question 25

Non Frictional Movement of grain boundaries that occur on a plain in which a single grain will maintain its initial shape even though the aggregate shape changes significantly

Answer 25

Grain Boundary Sliding

Question 26

Movement of grain boundaries normal to the plane and is a fundamental of dynamic recrystallization in rocks

Answer 26

Grain Bondary Migration

Question 27

A macroscopic behavior that results from sliding along grain boundaries and involves both cobble creep and grain Boundary sliding

Answer 27

Superplasticity

Question 28

Undulartory extintcions of quartz is caused by

Answer 28

difference in optical extinction caused by dislocations or microcracks distorting the lattice or simply unrecovered strain

Question 29

Small part of grains with different lattice orientation in adjacent parts of the same grains

Answer 29

Subgrains

Question 30

Accumulations of dislocations (Hardening or Softening?)

Answer 30

Hardening

Question 31

Prcesses that reduce dislocation density, interaction, and increase rate of Dislocation glide and climb in crystals being deformed by diffussion creep

Answer 31

Dynamic Recovery

Question 32

a thermal and stress driven process that results in decrease in dislocation densities and CREATION OF NEW GRAIN BOUNDARIES through Grain Boundary migration thus decreasing strain in a crystal

Answer 32

Dynamic Recrystallization