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GLE 2024 (Day 1) > STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY HATCHER 14 > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY HATCHER 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Wave like structures resulting from deformation of bedding, foliation or other ORIGINALLY planar structure

A

Folds

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2
Q

In which part of the stress regime does folding occur?

A

All deformation evnironments in the Crust

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3
Q

Deposits found in the hinges of a fold

A

Saddle Reef Deposits

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4
Q

Straighter or least curved segmets of a fault

A

Limbs

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5
Q

Parts of the fold with greatest cruvature

A

Hinge zones

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6
Q

The line moved parallel to itself to generate folded surface

A

Fold Axis or Axial Line

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7
Q

the line joining points of greatest curvature

A

Hinge Line

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8
Q

If the Fold Axis and the hingle line coindicdes the fold is

A

Cylindrical

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9
Q

The plane compose of several hinge lines on successive folded surfaces of the same fold

A

Axial Surface or Axial Plane

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10
Q

Fold hinges that is inclined to the horizontal

A

Plunge

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11
Q

Folds with non horizontal hinges are called

A

Plunging folds

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12
Q

A line that separates a concave curvature in one direction from concave curvature in the opposite direction

A

Inflection point

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13
Q

Crest to crest distance

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

Crest to Inflection oint distance and parallel to axial plane

A

Amplitude

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15
Q

Degree of leaning or direction of overturning of a fold and is only a property of assymetical fold

A

Vergence

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16
Q

Produced by relative motion of riginally adjcent reference ponts on either side of a slip surface duriing folding or other deformation

A

Slip lines

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17
Q

Largest folds in a given area

A

First order folds

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18
Q

smaller folds on the flanks

A

Second order folds

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19
Q

A smoothly varying surface tangent to the crest or troughs of a folded surface

A

Enveloping surface

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20
Q

Folds thata are concave towards older rocks

A

Anticline

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21
Q

A concave downward fold

A

Antiform

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22
Q

Folds that are concve towards younger rocks - that is younger strata are in the central part of the structure

A

Syncline

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23
Q

Concave up fold

A

Synform

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24
Q

antiform where in layering dips in all directions away from a central point

A

Dome

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25
Q

synnform in which layering dips inward to a central point

A

Basin

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26
Q

An downward facing syncline

A

Antiformal Synclines

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27
Q

Upward Facing Anticline

A

Synformal Anticlines

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28
Q

Rocks that dip uniformly in one direction

A

Homocline

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29
Q

A step like fold produced by local steepening of an otherwise uniform regional dip

A

Monocline

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30
Q

A step like fold produced by local flattening of an otherwise uniform regional dip

A

Structural Terrace

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31
Q

How would you know if a fold is cylindrical?

A

If a fold axis can be traced or moved parallel to itself

32
Q

Folds that deviate slightly from the ideal cylindricity

A

Aberrant Fold

33
Q

Folds that contains hinges that are not parallel on successive folds

A

Non Cyndrical Fold

34
Q

Folds that are non cylindrical and are generated by moving one end of a line in a cricular arc whie the other end stays stationary

A

Conical Fold

35
Q

Strongly non cylindrical folds thata re closed at one end and fold hinges curve within tha axial surface

A

Sheath Fold

36
Q

Folds with vertical axials surface

A

Upright Fold

37
Q

one inverted limb

A

Overturned Fold

38
Q

Axes plunge at nearly the same angle as the axial surface or when the axis plunge normal to the strike of the axial surface

A

Reclined Fold

39
Q

Horizontal axes and axial surface

A

Recumbent Fold

40
Q

Limbs are VERY GENTLY AWAY from or toward one another

A

Open Folds

41
Q

Fold that have limbs are STEEPLY DIPPING away or toward one anotehr

A

Closed Folds

42
Q

Tight Folds that have axial Surface and limbs parallel

A

Isoclinal fold

43
Q

Flds with constant layer thickness

A

Parallel Folds

44
Q

Parallel folds in which folded surfaces define cicular arcs and maintain same center of curvature

A

Concentric Folds

45
Q

Folds that have lobate and nearly concentric shape and attentuate limbs (Isaw-Like)

A

Ptygmatic Folds

46
Q

Folds that maintain their shape throughout a section and do not die out upward or downard but has varying thickness in the axial zones which is thicker and thinner in the limbs

A

Similar folds

47
Q

Folds with straight limbs and sharp angular hinges

A

Chevron (Large Scale) and Kink Folds (mas sharp si kink)

48
Q

Folds in which shape or wavelength changes from one layer to another

A

Disharmonic Folds

49
Q

Folds in which Anticlines are are thinned while synclines are thickened

A

Suprataneous Folds

50
Q

Angle between the limbs of a fold and is the measure of the tightness of a fold

A

Interlimb Angle

51
Q

180-120

A

Gentle

52
Q

120-70

A

Open

53
Q

70-30

A

Closed

54
Q

30-0

A

Tight

55
Q

0

A

Isoclincal

56
Q

negative angle

A

Elastica

57
Q

Classifacation of angles based on Dip isogons which are lines connecting points of equal slope or dip

A

Rasmsay Classification

58
Q

Isogons change direction faster than the bedding surface

A

Class 1

59
Q

Isogons change direction in the same rate as bedding surface

A

Class 1B Parallel

60
Q

Isogons change direction slower than the bedding surface

A

Class 1C

61
Q

Isogons are parallel

A

Class 2 similar

62
Q

Isogons change direction in the opposite sense to the surface they connect

A

Class 3

63
Q

Classification based on mean ductility and dusctility contrast within the fold sequence (Generic mechanical Scheme)

A

Donath and Parker

64
Q

Folds in which the shape are controlled by layering in the rocks

A

Flexural Folds

65
Q

Folds in which layering serves only as displacement marker

A

Passive Folds

66
Q

Formed from displacement or slip along beding surfaces that is analogous to holding an open or bending of a telephone book. (Within Layers) Maintaining Constant thickness

A

Flexural Slip

67
Q

Involves applicaton of force transverse to the layer and form folds that are very gentle with large interlimb layers.
May involve passive flow in response to such transverse forces that may be caused by Differential Compaction, Forceful intrusion

A

Bending

68
Q

Occurs when force is applied parallel to the bedding or layering of rocks and the easiest way of relief is normal to the applied force. Often accompanied by Flexural slip in low T and P

A

Buckling

69
Q

Slip at an angle to the layering that result in new cleavage or schistosity that accommodate movement parallel to the new surface and in which bedding and layering only serves as strain markers

A

Passive Slip

70
Q

How do kink/ chevron forms?

A

Parallel compression og thinly layered rocks with an intial flexural slip

71
Q

formed when there is moderate to high ductility contrast between layers of rocks and when deformation occurs highly ductile rocks undergo thinning while brittle rocks may not undergo appreciable thickness change

A

Flexural Flow

72
Q

A uniform ductile flow due to lack of contrast in ductility between layers which in this case only serve as strain markers only

A

Passive Flow

73
Q

examples of flexural flow folds

A

Simlar type folds (Class 1C and 3)

74
Q

Examples of Passive Flow Folds

A

Ideal Similar type folds Class 2

75
Q

Results where one set of folds overprints another

A

Superpose or Interference Folds

GLE 2024 (Day 1) (34 decks)

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