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GLE 2024 (Day 1) > GENERAL GEOLOGY (PLANETARY GEOLOGY) > Flashcards

GENERAL GEOLOGY (PLANETARY GEOLOGY) Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Study of the Chemistry of the universe
A

Cosmochemistry

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2
Q
  1. Theoretical Age of the UNiverse
A

13.7 Ga

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3
Q
  1. Who proposed big bang theory?
A

Belgian Priest, George Lemaitre

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4
Q

Model of the evolution of the universe that postulates its origin from a hot dense mass that expanded rapidly and cooled

A

Big Bang

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5
Q
  1. When was big bang proposed?
A

1920s (1927)

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6
Q
  1. Evidences or Supporting observation of Big Bang?
A

1) REd Shift or the Expansion of the Universe
2) Abundance of light elements such H, He, Li, and
3) Pervasive Background Radiation or Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation

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7
Q
  1. Who proposed Red Shift and when?
A

Edwin Hubble in 1929

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8
Q
  1. Who obseved the Cosmic Microwave Radiation?
A

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1965

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9
Q
  1. Where did CMBR first observed?
A

Bell Telephone Laboratories

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10
Q
  1. What 2 methods were used by scientists to date the universe?
A

1) Oldest Stars, and
2) Extrapolation though the rate of expansion of galaxies

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11
Q

A segment of universe formation wherein the universe became neutral and Opaque

A

Dark Age

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12
Q

End of Dark Age

A

Cosmic Ionization

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13
Q

Nuclear Process which forms stars

A

Nuclear Fusion

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14
Q
  1. This is the process of creation of elements
A

Nucleosynthesis

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15
Q
  1. This refers to the creation of H, He, and Li during the first few moments of big bang and became the starting ingredients for all other elements?
A

Cosmological Nucleosynthesis

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16
Q
  1. This refer to the creation of elements with atomic masses up to 26Fe through variety of nuclear reactions
A

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

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17
Q
  1. How do elements with atomic masses greater than 26 created?
A

Through explosive burning during supernova

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18
Q
  1. Sequence of burning during nucleosynthesis
A

H - He - C - O - Si- Fe

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19
Q
  1. What is the constant H:He ratio which is largely dictated by Big Bang?
A

12.5

20
Q
  1. Why is Li, B, Be anomalously low in concentration?
A

Because they are unstable and are tend to be used and destroyed in the production of C12

21
Q
  1. What is Oddo Harkins Rule?
A

sawtooth pattern of elemental abundance in the universe in whic elements with even atomic numbers are more abundant than those with odd atomic numbers

22
Q
  1. This element has the highest binding energy per nucleon and is the most stable
A

Fe

23
Q
  1. This is the diagram used to classify stars
A

Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram

24
Q
  1. Which are the hottest stars?
A

White Dwarfs

25
Q
  1. Who proposed Nebular Hypothesis (2)?
A

Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon de Laplace

26
Q
  1. How did scientist discover the age of the solar system?
A

Determining the age of the oldest rock

27
Q
  1. What is the oldest rock in the earth?
A

Rock 14321 found in Moon

28
Q
  1. Who and when was the rock discovered?
A

Alan Shepard, Apollo 11 Astronaut in Feb 6, 1971

29
Q
  1. How old is the rock and what dating technique was used?
A

4.011 Ga, Zircon Dating

30
Q
  1. What is the oldest Material on earth
A

Pre-Solar Grains of Murchison Meteorite which fell in Australia in 1969

31
Q
  1. Age of the oldest materials and what dating technique used?
A

7.5 Ga Neon21 Isotope

32
Q

Oldest material formed on Earth and its age?

A

Jack Hills Zircon in a Quartzite/Metaconglomerate 4.4Ga

33
Q

Where was this oldest material found?

A

Western Australia

34
Q
  1. What similar compositions do terrestrial plaents have?
A

high temp minerals, Fe-Mg Silicates Metallic Alloy

35
Q
  1. What similar compositions do Jovian Plaents have?
A

Low temp minerals, Methane, Ammonia and Water

36
Q
  1. This is the arrangement of condensation of minerals depending on the temperature and distance from the sun
A

Condensation Sequence

37
Q
  1. The line which marks that the temperature is cold enough for volatile compounds to condense into solid grains
A

Frost line

38
Q
  1. Relative abundance of Materials in the Solar Nebular
A

98% Light gases
1.4% H cmpds
0.4% Rocks and
0.2% Metals

39
Q

39 Solar system composition by mass

A

Sun 99.85%,
0.10% Jupiter
0.04% other planets,
0.01% Comets
0% satellites, rings and asteroids, Meteroids and
dut 0.0000001%

40
Q
  1. Meteorite whch comes from differentiated planetisimals with Taenite as primary composition?
A

Magmatic Fe Meteories

41
Q
  1. Composed of Pallasites and Mesosiderites?
A

Stony Fe

42
Q
  1. Composed mostly of basaltic rocks from crusts and mantle of planetisimals
A

Achrondrite

43
Q
  1. Most abundant meteorite
A

Ordinary Chondrites

44
Q
  1. Meteorites composed of Magnesium Pyroxene
A

Enstatite Chondrites

45
Q
  1. These are the most primitive Chondrites
A

Carbonaceous Chrondrites

46
Q
  1. What does Carbonaceous Chrondrites represent?
A

Bulk Composition of the Sun

GLE 2024 (Day 1) (34 decks)

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