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GLE 2024 (Day 1) > GENERAL GEOLOGY (OROGENY & MOUNTAIN BELTS) > Flashcards

GENERAL GEOLOGY (OROGENY & MOUNTAIN BELTS) Flashcards

1
Q

Young Mountain Belts in the World

A

NA Cordillera (Capehorn - Alaska)
Andes
Alpine-Himalaya
Atlas
Alps
Caucasus
Zagros
Tien shan
Himalayas
West Pacific Mountaunous Terrain

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2
Q

What is the meaning of Cordillera

A

“Spine” or Back bone

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3
Q

Age of Himalayas

A

50 Ma

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4
Q

Old Moutain Belts

A

Appalachians (E. US)
Urals (Russia)
Caledonian Sz
Altay Sayan China
Great Dividing Ranges (aus)

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5
Q

Processes that collectively produce mountain belt

A

Orogenesis “Oros” Mountains

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6
Q

Type of subduction for Island Arc type orogey

A

Ocean-Ocean

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7
Q

Andean Type

A

Continental-Ocean

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8
Q

Continental Margins where sedimentation has produced a thick platform of shallow water sandsones, limestones and shales

A

it will be peeled or cut off from the descending plate and thrust (Accrete to the adjacent continental blocl)

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9
Q

Depth of partial melting by devolatilization and inducing of fluid at subduction zones

A

100 kilometers

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10
Q

Partial melting of Ultramafic Rocks produces this kinds of Magma

A

Primary Magma (Basaltic)

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11
Q

After primary melting what happens next?

A

Basaltic magma which is less denser will rise and will pond below continental crust

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12
Q

Then afterwards?

A

Through magmatic differention, a basltic magma can generate low density felsic or intermediate secondary magma which can rise through the continental crust

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13
Q

In continental-oceanic volcanic arcs what proceeds after subduction?

A

Uplift

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14
Q

Why does continental crust impedes the ascent of molten rock?

A

Because of its density and great thickness

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15
Q

When a magma intrudes the crust and crystallizes at depth it forms

A

Batholiths

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16
Q

Resulting chaotic accumulation of deformed and thurst faulted sediments and scraps of ocean crust

A

Accretionary wedge

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17
Q

Since the accretionary wedge acts as a barrier for sediments from the Volcanic Arc to the trench, it forms an accumulation of sediments in between the accretionary wedge and the volcanic arc which is realatively undeformed

A

Forearc Basins

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18
Q

Proto Pacific Plate

A

Farallon Plate

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19
Q

Example of A volcanic Arc system

A

Sierra Nevada - Volcanic Arc
Great Valley - Forearc Basin
Coast Ranges -Accreationary Wedge

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20
Q

Terrain vs Terrane

A

Terrane (E for evolved)- A crustal fragment with distinct and recognizable series of rock formations transported by Plate Tectonics Processes
Terrain - Shape of the surface topography or lay of land

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21
Q

A type of orogeny associated with Pacific like oceans in which Fast spreading rates is balanced by the high rate of subduction which make it unlikely to close but rather carry islands arcs or crustal fragments to collide with an active citinental margin through collission and orogeny

A

Cordilleran type Mountain building

22
Q

Nature of terranes in the pacific

A

Microcontinents
Island Arc
Submerged Plateau

23
Q

When the oceanic plate contains small seamounts (submerged) and meets and andean type subduction, what will most likely happen?

A

Submerged plateau will be consumed through the descending oceanic slab unless they are thick units or are mainly composed of light felsic minerals

24
Q

When a crustal fragment accretes to the adjacent continental crust what would most likely happen?

A

It will be peeled or cut off from the descending plate and thrust (Accrete to the adjacent continental blocl)

25
Q

This type of mountain building happends when two continental masses collide. (characterized by vertical thickening)

A

Alpine Type Mountain Building

26
Q

Mountains formed by contintental collisions

A

Himalayas
Appalachians
Urals
Alps

27
Q

The zone where two cotinents collide and are welded together and which is characterized by preserved slivers of oceanic lithosphere that were trapped between the colliiding plates

A

Suture zone

28
Q

Earth’s youngest collisional mountains

A

Himalayas

29
Q

Syaty of Himalayan Orogeny

A

Early Eocene

30
Q

Highest elevation or mountain in the US

A

Mt.Whitney

31
Q

A mechanism responsible for the formation of SE asia where the northward migration of india produced a lateral eastward displacement of crustal blocks

A

Contintental Escape

32
Q

Supercontinent 750 Ma Mesoproterozoic

A

Rodinia

33
Q

how many orogenic episodes does appalachian orogeny have?

A

3

34
Q

What was the culmination of Pangaea Formation?

A

Allenghian Orogeny (250-300 Ma)

35
Q

What was the three part Appalachian Orogeny?

A

Taconic
Acadian
Alleghanian

36
Q

Orogeny which involves closing of the sea between East protoNAm (Laurentia) plate and a volcanic arc at 450 Ma Ordovician and which the now is reprecented by the metamorphic rocks of the western appalachian especially New York

A

Taconic Orogney

37
Q

Closing of Northen Iapetus and collision of Baltica with Laurentia

A

Caledonian Orogeny

38
Q

Second epidsode of mountain building when avalonia microcontinent colllided with N. America that closes southern Iapetus Ocean formation of laurasia (350 Ma Carboniferous)

A

Acadian Orogeny

39
Q

Final orogeny which occurred 250-300 Ma (Permian) in which africa callided with north america as borders of Laurasia and Gondwana respectively which finally formed

A

Allenghanian Orogeny

40
Q

Breaking of Pangeaa

A

180 Ma (Triassic)

41
Q

This formed when Africa and two other crustal fragment collided upward with europe and closed Tethys Sea

A

Alps

42
Q

This formed during the assemblage of Pangea when Northern Europe Collided with Northen Asia

A

Urals

43
Q

Orogeny which formed the rocky mountains 60 yrs ago (Paleocene)

A

Laramide Orogeny

44
Q

Whats the back arc of sierra nevada?

A

Colorado Plateau

45
Q

Concept of floating crust in gravitational balance upon the material of the mantle

A

Isostasy

46
Q

Whats the guiding principle of isostacy,

A

The higher the elvation the deeper its roots
Basta mataas kailangan mas malalim na base

47
Q

Process of establishing new gravitational balance by loading or unloading

A

Isostatic Adjustment

48
Q

What happens when mountains are eroded?

A

There will be uplift due to crustal rebound

49
Q

This happens when the vertical pull of gravity surpasses the horizontal compression during collision and involves ductile spreading at deoth and normal faulting and subsidence in upper, brittle portions of Earth’s crust

A

Gravitational collapse

50
Q

Airy’s Theory

A

Mountains have roots that extend into the mantle. The Deeper the roots the higher the mountains will be

51
Q

Pratt’s Theory

A

Elevation is inversely proportional to density thus, higher mountains have lower densities

GLE 2024 (Day 1) (34 decks)

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