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PHARM 203 (Final) > Stimulants & Psychotomimetics (General) > Flashcards

Stimulants & Psychotomimetics (General) Flashcards

1
Q

Amphetamine Effects

A

Locomotor Stimulation
Insomnia
Anorexia
Euphoria

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2
Q

Amphetamine Long Term Effects

A

If taken repeatedly over a few days
–> Psychotic Symptoms, Anxiety, Depression, Cognitive Impairment

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3
Q

Amphetamine Mechanism

A

End Goal = Increase DA and NE

4 Methods
1) Block Reuptake (Inhibit DAT and NET)
2) Displace endogenous monoamines in vesicles and move them into cytoplasm
3) DAT and NET work in reverse
4) At high concentrations inhibit MAO

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4
Q

Amphetamine Locomotor and Rewarding Effects
- Cause?

A

Dopamine Release (Not NA release)

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5
Q

Amphetamine Peripheral Effects

A

Increase BP/Heart Rate
Reduces Gastrointestinal Motility

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6
Q

Amphetamine Effects of Stopping

A

Period of deep sleep
When waking up, feel lethargic

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7
Q

Amphetamine Drug of Abuse Effects

A
  • Tolerance to drug’s weight loss effects
  • Dependence develops as dose increases
  • Uncontrolled binges can cause high risk of acute toxicity
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8
Q

What is more potent synthetic cathinones or natural cathinone

A

Synthetic derivatives are more potent```````````

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9
Q

Methedrone Mechanism of Action

A

Increase extracellular 5-HT and DA levels:
- Inhibit reuptake
- Enhance release

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10
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits NET and DAT transporters on plasma membrane

Do not enter nerve terminals
–> Does not cause release of NE or DA

Inhibits SERT but at a lower potency

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11
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) Treats What?

A

Treats ADHD (Kids with ADHD have low dopamine)
Treats Narcolepsy (Increase Hyperactivity to wake up)

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12
Q

Modafinil Treats What?

A

Treats Narcolepsy
- Improves wakefulness, memory and executive action in sleep-deprived people

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13
Q

Modafinil Mechanism of Action

A

Blocks Dopamine Reuptake
- Inhibit DAT

Has other CNS effects

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14
Q

Cocaine Effect

A

Psychomotor Stimulant
Enhances sympathetic nerve activity
Produces euphoria

Local Anaesthetic and a Drug of Abuse

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15
Q

Cocaine Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits NET, DAT, and SERT transporters on nerve terminals

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16
Q

Cocaine Adverse Effects

A

Strong Psychological Dependence (Similar to amphetamine)

Excessive Dosage can cause:
- Tremors, convulsions, cardiovascular events

Can impair brain development and cause fetal malformation

17
Q

Methylxanthines Effects

A

CNS Stimulant: Reduces fatigue, improved concentration

Also Causes:
- Diuresis (Urinate a lot)
- Stimulates cardiac muscle
- Relaxes bronchi smooth muscle

18
Q

Adenosine Mechanism of Action

A

Adenosine inhibits transmitter release from neurons in the CNS (Greater effect on inhibiting excitatory neurons)

19
Q

Methylxanthines Mechanism of Action (CNS)

A

Antagonist of A2 Receptors, prevents adenosine from inhibiting excitatory neurons in CNS

20
Q

Methylxanthines Mechanism of Action (Cardiac and Bronchi Muscles)

A

Inhibits PDEs (Break down cAMP) and Increases cAMP
- More cAMP –> Greater stimulation of cardiac muscle and dilation of bronchi muscle

21
Q

Methylxanthines Mechanism of Action (Diuretic)

A

Vasodilation of afferent arterioles resulting in increased GFR

22
Q

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Effects

A

Sensory Distortion, awareness that disturbances are caused by drug

Hallucinations can become paranoid delusions

Can cause long lasting psychopathological changes

23
Q

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Mechanism of Action

A

Agonist at 5-HT2A Receptors in Brain

24
Q

Psilocybin Effects

A

Similar to LSD

25
Q

Psilocybin Mechanism of Action

A

Chemically related to 5-HT
Agonist at 5-HT2A Receptors in Brain

26
Q

MDMA Mechanism of Action

A

Ecstasy

Inhibits DA, NA, SERT reuptake/transporters

Euphoria and Rebound Dysphoria
- Inhibition of NA and DA reuptake
Psychomimetic Effects
- Inhibition of 5-HT reuptake

27
Q

Mescaline Mechanism of Action

A

Probably by 5-HT Signaling

28
Q

Ketamine Mechanism of Action

A

Blocks NMDA Receptor Channel

At Higher Doses:
- Feeling of detachment (Anaesthetic)
- Euphoria
- Hallucinations
- Disorientation
- Numbness

29
Q

Phencyclidine Mechanism of Action

A

AKA PCP

Blocks NMDA Receptor Channel

At Higher Doses:
- Feeling of detachment (Anaesthetic)
- Euphoria
- Hallucinations
- Disorientation
- Numbness

Can cause psychotic episodes/schizophrenic attacks

PHARM 203 (Final) (41 decks)

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