Lipid Lowering (General)

Question 1

Lipids

Answer 1

AKA Triglycerides

Acts as energy storage

Question 2

Cholesterol

Answer 2

Synthesized by liver
- Excreted
- Remains unchanged in body

Question 3

Lipoproteins

Answer 3

Transports lipids in blood and extracellular fluid

Question 4

Apolipoproteins

Answer 4

Regulates lipoprotein metabolism

Question 5

Lipoprotein Lipase

Answer 5

LPL
- Hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins to form free fatty acids

Question 6

Lipid Abundance and Lipid Density

Answer 6

The higher the lipid abundance the lower the density
- HLD = Low lipid abundance

Question 7

Atherosclerosis

Answer 7

• LDL enters damaged endothelium
• Recruits macrophages
• LDL sticks to macrophages and forms foam cells
• Recruits SMC
• Calcification
• Cell apoptosis and cell death
• Forms thrombus, forms fibrous plaque, can rupture blood vessel

Question 8

Exogenous Transport Pathway

Answer 8

1. Fats are taken from diet
2. Take up Lipoproteins, Cholesterol
3. Move through intestine
4. Formation of Chylomicrons
5. LPL cleave off TG
6. Forms Chylomicron remnants
7. Remnants taken up by liver

Question 9

Endogenous Transport Pathway

Answer 9

1. Liver releases VLDL particles that circulate
   2a. LPL cleave TG to provide energy for tissues
   2b. When VLDL is cleaved they also release cholesterol (VLDL –> IDL –> LDL)
   3a Through LDL Receptors tissues take up cholesterol from liver
   3b. Through LDL Receptors liver can take back cholesterol

Question 10

Reverse Cholesterol Pathway

Answer 10

1. HDL can take cholesterol from tissues
2. HDL binds to LDL Receptor to reabsorb cholesterol back into liver
3. Liver redistributes cholesterol