Statistics and Probability Full Blown Reviewer Flashcards
“STATISTICS” comes from the Italian word
“_______” which means “______”.
stato which means state
Comes from the Italian word
“stato” which means “state”.
STATISTICS
In the early times if someone works with
statistics he/she concerns him/herself with
_________________
government affairs.
The word statistics first appeared in print in the
book by ___________ entitled, “Abriss
statswissen der heutigen vornehmsten
europaishen Reiche und Republiken” in 1979.
Gottfried Achenwall
During this time statistics was simply a
______________________ like
numbers of deaths, births, causes of death, etc.
collection of data on government records
In the early day-day statistics, data were ____________________
This is because the theory of probability was
not yet considered part in the analysis of data.
not
utilized to predict future events nor data were
analyzed in relation with other sets of data.
The term __________________ , in layman’s terms, is the degree of
likelihood for an event to happen.
Probability
The concise mathematical computation on this degree falls
under the ____________
theory of probability.
The theory of probability has its beginnings during the time of
___________
Cardano in 1525.
In 1654, a certain__________ asked an intriguing
question that deals with probability which provoked the fertile
minds of ____________
Chevalier de Mere, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat.
A certain Dutch mathematician ____________
also worked on the posed by Chevalier.
Christiaan Huygens
The science of collecting, analyzing,
presenting, and interpreting data.
Statistics,
Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing,
presenting, and interpreting _____.
Data
Governmental
needs for __________ as well as information
about a variety of economic activities provided
much of the early__________ for the field of statistics.
census data, impetus
- is the field of statistics that focuses on
quantitatively description of a collection of data.
Descriptive statistics
-It is usually used to define the basic characteristics
of the data in a study.
Descriptive statistics
- It is used to make conclusions of the
probability that a difference between samples is
either reliable or by chance.
Inferential statistics
- Inferential statistics, conclusions are being
formulated from the direct data.
Inferential statistics
a whole population while a
statistics described a sample of a given population.
Parameter
are all the information of a given
population and this is something that is hard to
determine since it requires a lot of time, resource and
skills.
-parameters
is a measure of “types” and may be
represented in terms of characteristics, names or symbols.
Qualitative data
is a measured of “values”, or “counts”
and expressed in numerical values.
Quantitative data
*Basically qualitative data answer the question “__________”
while quantitative answers the question “________________”.
what, how many
Measure of “types” and may
be represented by names or
symbols
QUALITATIVE DATA
Describes individuals or
objects by their categories or
groups
QUALITATIVE DATA
Answer the question “what
type”
QUALITATIVE DATA
Measure of “values” or
“counts” and expressed in
numbers
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Operations such as addition
and averaging make sense
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Answer the questions “how
many”, “how much”
QUANTITATIVE DATA
Data are in original form.
Raw data
Data collected is already arranged
in certain pattern such as in ascending or
descending order.
Array data
ARE THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
INDIVIDUAL TO BE OBSERVED OR
MEASURED.
VARIABLES
Called the
predictor variable.
Independent Variable
Called the criterion
variable.
Dependent Variable
variables that can be expressed in
decimals.
Continuous Variables
Variables that cannot be
expressed in decimals.
Discrete or Discontinuous Variables