Compounds Science Flashcards
There is a connection between the polarity of a molecule and the
types of _____________________ that are present.
polar or non-polar covalent bonds
To know if a molecule is polar or nonpolar, it is always useful to look at ____________.
Lewis structures
Is bonded by covalent bonding in which
one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end of the molecule is slightly negative.
polar molecule
A polar molecule is bonded by ___________ in which
one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end of the
molecule is slightly negative.
covalent bonding
A polar molecule is bonded by covalent bonding in which
one end of the molecule is slightly _________, while the other end of the
molecule is slightly ____________.
positive and negative
Bonded thru covalent
bond, the electrons are evenly distributed.
nonpolar molecule
When molecules share electrons equally in a covalent
bond there is no ___________ across the
molecule.
net electrical charge
This means they have unequal sharing of
electrons.
polar covalent bond
Polar Molecules means they have unequal sharing of
electrons. In which, one atom has a _______________ while the other one has a
_________________
a smaller number of electrons and bigger number of electrons.
Electrons in a polar
covalent bond are unequally shared between
the ___________, which results in what?
two bonded atoms, partial
positive and negative charges.
The separation
of the partial charges creates a what?
DIPOLE
The word DIPOLE MEANS what?:=
TWO POLES
these are the separated partial positive and negative
charges?
Dipole or two poles
results when a
molecule contains polar bonds in an
unsymmetrical arrangement which means they
contain lone pairs of electrons on a central
atom or having atoms with different
electronegativities bonded.
polar molecule
is a measure of the tendency of an
atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.
Electronegativity
> 0.5 and not equal to 0.5?
polar molecule.
< 0.5 or equal to 0.5
nonpolar molecule.
greater than 2.0 or equal to 2.0?
Ionic Bond
are extremely polar molecules.
Ionic Bonds
WHEN GETTING THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY, WHAT SHOULD GO FIRST? THE BIGGER OR SMALLER NUMBER?
Bigger (There lmao)
WHEN GETTING THE ELECTRONEGATIVITY, WHAT SHOULD GO FIRST? THE BIGGER OR SMALLER NUMBER?
Bigger (There lmao)
is a characteristic of polar covalent
molecules.
Molecular geometry
helps us to predict the molecular structure,
including the approximate bond angles around a central
an atom of a molecule-based on the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure.
Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR
theory)
States that electron pairs in the valence
shell of a central atom will follow an arrangement that
minimizes the repulsion between these electron pairs by
maximizing the distance between them.
The VSEPR model
What does the VSEPR Model states?
States that electron pairs in the valence
shell of a central atom will follow an arrangement that
minimizes the repulsion between these electron pairs by
maximizing the distance between them.
What shows the arrangement of electron
pairs around each central atom and the correct
arrangement of atoms in a molecule?
VSEPR theory
It should be clear, that the theory only considers what?
electron-pair repulsions, nuclear-nuclear repulsions
and nuclear-electron attractions.
shows
the arrangement of
electron pairs around
each central atom and
the correct
arrangement of atoms
in a molecule.
VSEPR theory
A straight line
Linear
———-/-————–
Bent
Letter X shape with only 3 lines?
Trigonal Planar
Letter X shape with 4 lines?
Tetrahedral
Letter X shape with 4 lines?
Tetrahedral
Examples of NONPOLAR MOLECULES (list them)
Hydrogen (H2)
Nitrogen (N2)
Oxygen (O2)
Fluorine (F2)
Chlorine (Cl2)
Iodine (I2)
Bromine (Br2)
*Carbon dioxide - CO2
*Benzene - C6H6
*Carbon tetrachloride - CCl4
*Methane - CH4
*Ethylene - C2H4
gasoline (C8H18)
toluene (C6H5CH3)
Helium
Neon
Argon
Krypton
Neon
Xenon
Radon
Asymmetrical bond
POLAR COMPOUND
Symmetrical bond
NON-POLAR COMPOUND
meaning all the sides around the
central atom are identical - bonded to the same
element with no unshared pairs of electrons.
SYMMETRICAL
have zero or very small dipole
moments.
Molecules whose atoms have equal or nearly equal
electro-negativities
When molecules share electrons equally in
a covalent bond there is ______________
no net electrical charge
across the molecule.
In a nonpolar covalent bond, the electrons are ________________
evenly
distributed.
You can predict nonpolar molecules will
form when atoms have _____________
the same or similar
electronegativity
Nonpolar molecules also form when?
Atoms sharing a polar bond arrange such that the electric charges cancel each other out.
Polar solutes can be
dissolved by what?
Polar Solvents
Nonpolar solutes can be
dissolved by what?
nonpolar
solvents.
Polar or Non-polar? Which Melts slower? Why?
Polar have strong
intermolecular forces
between atoms, therefore
they need a higher temp. to
melt. While none polar has weak
intermolecular forces
between atoms, therefore
they need a lower temp.
to melt.
Polar has a ______ boiling point
Higher
Nonpolar has _____ boiling point
lower
The general rule is that “like dissolves like”, which means?
polar molecules will dissolve into other polar liquids and nonpolar
molecules will dissolve into nonpolar liquids.
oil is __________while
water is _________. Do they mix?
nonpolar while water is polar, nope
When mixing paint you only mix what?
The same type of paint together
Important rule of paint?
Water base with water base,
oil with oil, chalk/mineral paint with chalk/mineral
paint.
Any structure that isn’t an X is what?
Polar
Any structure that is an X is what?
NonPolar
A bent X structure is what?
Polar
Are formed when atoms lose, accept or share
electrons.
CHEMICAL BONDS
Occurs when there is a transfer of one or more
valence electrons form one atom to another.
IONIC BOND
Ionic Bond occurs when?
when there is a transfer of one or more
valence electrons form one atom to another.
Ionic bond exist in?
It exists between metal and nonmetal atoms
A cluster of atoms is also called what?
Molecule
It is a small unit that can undergo a chemical reaction
Molecule
Influences the strength and types of intermolecular forces of attraction in a substance.
Molecule Polarity
is a physical property of compounds such as melting and boiling points, solubility, and intermolecular forces between molecules
Polarity
