PHYSICAL SCIENCE Flashcards
is a concept
that describes the Earth
as the centre of the
universe
Geocentric model
Earth is at the centre of
universe and other
objects revolve around it
Geocentric model
Sun appearing to be
revolving around the
Earth once per day and
an observer for Earth
sees a stationary Earth
Geocentric model
Is an
astronormical rnodel in
Whhich the Earth and
planets rmove around
the Sun at the centre of
the Solar syster-n
Heliocentric Model
Sun Is at the centre Of
the solar systern while
other objects including
the Earth revolve
around the Sun
Heliocentric Model
Telescopic Evidence
Heliocentric Model
stated that the Earth is the center of the universe
Geocentric theory
considered that the sun is the center of the universe.
Heliocentric Model
There were scientists who supported the geocentric model like
Eudoxus, Aristotle, and Ptolemy
believed in Heliocentric theory.
Aristarchus and Copernicus
The ideas about the
spherical Earth were also argued
at around ____________. in
ancient time.
6th Century B.C
One of the Scientists
who supported the idea of a
spherical Earth was ___________.
Aristotle
He also observed that every
a portion of Earth tends toward the
center and form a sphere by
_________________
CONVERGENCE OR
COMPRESSION.
He also explained that the
travelers going south see southern
constellations rise higher above
the horizon and during the __________________, the shadow of Earth on
Moon is ______________
lunar
eclipse, round.
He also observed that the
stars seen in Egypt and Cyprus
were not seen in the northerly
regions and this could only
happen in a _____________
Tycho Brahe, curved surface.
___________
believed that the Earth is
spherical.
Aristotle and the Ancient Greeks
To prove his claim, he
provided physical and
observational arguments about
this. He also observed that every
portion of Earth tends toward the
center and form a sphere by
CONVERGENCE OR
COMPRESSION.
Aristotle
Even before the invention of ___________,
astronomers and ancient people have already
observed different astronomical phenomena
particularly the things happening on the sun,
moon, and the planets.
telescope
The motion of the sun was studied by
the ancient ______________ using a
primitive way of ____________which they called as
GNOMON.
Babylonian and Egyptian, sundial, GNOMON
rising and setting of the ____________in the________________, respectively,
SUN , east and
the west,
point where the Sun rises and sets in the
________________varies in a year,
HORIZON
phases of the _____________,
moon
lunar ______________,
eclipse
_____ eclipse,
solar
daily and annual motion of the _________ , and
7. planets _____________________
stars, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and
Saturn.
In a lunar eclipse, the Moon moves into
the _____________ cast by______________.
shadow of Earth ,the Sun
When the Moon passes through the
the outer part of Earth’s shadow—the
_____________,
penumbra
, where the light of the Sun is
only partly extinguished—the Moon
dims only slightly in what is called a
__________________.
penumbral eclipse
When the Moon
passes through the central part of
Earth’s shadow—the ___________, where the
direct light of the Sun is totally
blocked—the lunar eclipse is considered
partial if the Moon is partly within the
umbra or total if the Moon is
completely within it.
umbra
In a _______________, the Moon passes between
Earth and the Sun and stops some or all of
the Sun’s light from reaching Earth.
solar eclipse
In a _______________, the Sun is partly covered when
the Moon passes in front of it.
partial
solar eclipse
it. In a _____________, the Moon completely covers the Sun.
total solar
eclipse
In an ______________, the Moon does
not completely cover the Sun but leaves the
edge of the Sun showing.
annular solar eclipse
made accurate
measurements and observations of the
position of stars, sun, moon, and the
planets even before the invention of
telescope.
Tycho Brahe
His innovations and extensive
collection of data in observational
astronomy was obtained by his student
___________ when he died.
Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler
Using these
observations,_______________ found that
the orbits of the planets followed three
laws.
Johannes Kepler
He formulated the three
laws of planetary motion based on
the data gathered by____________.
Johannes Kepler
Kepler eventually used the data
gathered by Brahe to prove
_________________ and to calculate the
_______.
heliocentrism, orbital laws
Kepler also noticed an
an imaginary line is drawn from a
planet to the sun swept out
equal area of space in equal
time, regardless of the position
of the planet from its orbit. He
explained that the planet
moves faster when it is near
the sun and slower when it is
far from the sun. this
observation led him to
formulate his second law of
planetary motion which he
called ___________
Law Of Equal Areas.
He also observed that the orbits of the planets are ellipse with the sun at one focus
thus formulating his first law of planetary motion, the _________________________
Law Of Ellipses.
He
showed that there is a
precise mathematical
relationship between a
planet’s distance from
the sun and the
amount of time it
takes to revolve
around the sun.
Keplers third law
ACTION OF CHANGING LOCATION OR POSITION.
Motion
the motion of a projectile which is the
result of the tendency of any object in motion, to remain in
motion at constant velocity.
HORIZONTAL MOTION
Is referred as the movement of the object
against the gravitational pull. It can also be a straight upward
and downward motion.
VERTICAL MOTION i
Is a form of motion experienced by an
object or particle that is projected near the Earth’s surface and
moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only.
PROJECTILE MOTION
Vertical motion is referred to as ______________.
Galileo or Aristotle or answer
ARISTOTLE, NATURAL MOTION
the
object will move and will return to its natural state based on the object’s material
or composition - earth, water, air, and fire.
ARISTOTLE, natural motion,
An object moving in a violent motion require _________ to maintain horizontal
motion.
s push or pull
Motion continues only so long as there is an applied force to an object.
WHEN THE FORCE IS __________, MOTION STOPS.
ARISTOTLE, REMOVED
believed that the projectile motion of an object is______
until it is the object’s time to fall back into the ground.
ARISTOTLE, parallel to the ground
He said that HEAVY OBJECTS FALL
FASTER THAN LIGHT ONES
ARISTOTLE
In the absence of resistance, objects would fall not depending on their weight,
but in the time of fall.
Vertical Motion, Galileo
Also, if the object encountered a resistive force from a fluid
equal or greater than its weight, it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion
until it reaches the bottom and stops.
Galileo
object in motion, if not obstructed or hindered, will continue to be in motion,
and an external force is not necessary to maintain the motion.
Galileo,
If the Earth’s
the surface is very flat and extended infinitely, objects that are pushed will not be hindered. Thus, the objects will continue to move.
Galileo
for quantifying the “rate of fall” by measurement of
distance and time and plotting it graphically.
Galileo
performed experiments on uniformly accelerated motion using an
inclined plane, and used the same apparatus to study projectile motion.
Galileo
Galileo was able to determine that the path of a
the projectile is ___________.
Galileo, parabolic
He believed that a projectile is a combination of uniform
motion in the horizontal direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in the vertical direction. If it is not
hindered, it will continue to move even without an
applied force.
Galileo
Which is an example of motion
with uniform acceleration.
FREE FALL
Which means the change in
velocity with a given time.
ACCELERATION
Which is the distance travelled of an
object in a specific amount of time.
SPEED
____________ was an Ancient Greek philosopher
who thought that ___________objects fall faster
than__________________
Aristotle, heavier and lighter ones.
Force would be needed to have a constant
velocity according to _________ . _________ is
required for violent but not natural
motion.
Force, Aristotle
Objects in a ____________ will fall at the ________
because in a vacuum there is nothing. Since
there is no air or anything in space, objects
that are heavy or light, will fall at the same
time.
Galileo, vacuum, same time
_____________ is not necessarily required for violent
motion. Force is not required for object
moving at constant velocity.
Force, Galileo
Freely falling bodies undergo constant
acceleration in which it is referred to as ____________
The free fall acceleration represent a symbol “___”
which means _____________.
free fall, g, gravity
leads the object to accelerate in a
constant rate.
Gravity
At the surface of the earth, gravity (g) is
approximately ____________
9.8 m/s2.
Natural state
of object at
rest
ARISTOTLE
Imagined
motion will
continue
without friction
Galileo
constant in value which
represent by x axis
rolling balls
inertia
leaning tower of Pisa
HORIZONTAL
changing value which
represent by y axis
free fall
Aristotle versus
Galileo
VERTICAL
In his book “ _________”, wrote his ideas on forces and motions based on
_______ work.
ISAAC NEWTON’S, PRINCIPIA, Galileo’s
_________ is the tendency of an object to resist
change when in motion or when at rest. Newton’s
first law of motion is also called ____________________________
Inertia, LAW OF
INERTIA.
➢ If an object is moving, inertia will keep it in
______. When it is at rest, it will continue to be
at _________, unless there is a force applied on it.
motion, rest
an object will stay in place unless something
or somebody moves it.
INERTIA OF REST-
______________- an object will continue at the same speed
until a force acts on it.
INERTIA OF MOTION
__________ - an object will stay moving in the same
direction unless a force acts on it.
INERTIA OF DIRECTION
According to Galileo, objects in motion eventually
stop because of a force called ________.
FRICTION
____________________is a
the force that opposes motion between any surfaces that are touching.
FRICTION
He said that a difference between initial
and final heights was due to the presence of _________.
Galileo, friction
is the amount of matter or substance
that makes up an object. It is measured in
units called ______________.
MASS, kilogram
An object with a
greater mass has a _____________ and an
object with a lesser mass will also have a
__________________
greater inertia, lesser inertia.
An object’s tendency to
resist change in its motion
depends on its __________.
mass
A ________________causes an object to move, to stop or remain at
rest.
force
is defined as a push or a pull.
Force
__________ is the unit of force
Newton (N)
is a force that opposes motion between any
surfaces that are touching.
➢Friction
➢_________ occurs because no surface is perfectly smooth.
Friction
➢______________ have more friction than smooth
surfaces.
Rough surfaces
also have more friction
because they are pressed harder with
greater force than lighter objects.
Heavier objects
➢Friction produces ____ because it
causes the molecules on rubbing
surfaces to move faster and have more
energy.
heat
is a force in which the net
force is equal to zero.
balanced force
the total combination of
forces (in opposite direction or the same
direction) acting on an object.
NET FORCE
upward
NORMAL FORCE
downward.
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
is a force in which the net
force is greater than zero.
unbalanced force
cause acceleration. Only
unbalanced force can change the motion and
direction of an object.
unbalanced force
an object will stay in place unless something
or somebody moves it.
INERTIA OF REST-
An object will continue at the same speed
until a force acts on it.
INERTIA OF MOTION-
An object will stay moving in the same
direction unless a force acts on it.
INERTIA OF DIRECTION-
