SPLOPS COMPLETE COMBINED Flashcards
Organic peroxides are composed of what?
an oxidizer and compound that contains a fuel.
what is vapor density?
the ability of the vapor to rise or sink when compared to air
NFPA definition of Flammable liquid?
NFPA definition of combustable liquid?
liquids have flash points less than 100 degrees F
liquids have flash points between 100 and 200 degrees F
definition of vapor pressure
ability of material to evaporate.
DOT definition of flammable liquid?
liquid have a flash point less than 140 degrees F.
Definition of solubility?
ability of a substance to mix completely with another substance.
what are the common units of measurement for pressure?
760 mmhg
760 torr
1 atm
14.7psi
what are non-polar substances?
gasolines, oils, petroleum based products.
Home propane tank pressures are regulated at?
working pressure of 240psi
pressure relief @ 375psi
testing pressure @ 480psi.
the amount of time it takes for half the atoms in a sample to decay is what?
half- life.
How is vapor density measured (2 ways)?
in relation to air being 1 and MW of air being 29.
Radioactive particles cause damage by 2 ways:
disrupting cell division
forming H202 chemicals in the body.
Pyrophoric solids ignite at what temperature?
at or below 130 degrees F
Acidity is based on what factor?
amount of H ions in solution.
Definition of corrosivity?
solid, liquid, or gas that burns, irritates, or destructively attacks organic tissues.
Either acids or bases.
Properties of Beta particles
travel distance of approx 30ft.
moderate size particle
moderate energy emited.
OSHA radiation exposure limits are ?
3 rem/ quarter or 5 rem/ year.
Definition of viscosity?
ability of a liquid to be poured.
defintion of temperature
measure of heat energy.
Definition of flash point?
minimum temp of a LIQUID can ignite a flash in the vapor space of the liquid.
What does OC and CC mean with relation to flammable liquids?
open cup and closed cup testing.
Definition of contamination?
when a radioactive material becomes attached to something.
Radiation is measured in what units?
RAD- radiation absorbed dose
Definition of solute?
material in LESSER concentration in a mixture.
Expansion ratio for LNG- liquid natural gas?
600:1
Definition of “ignition temperature or Auto ignition temperature”?
Temperature at which a materials vapors start to burn without flame or other ignition source.
Which “TYPE” of organic peroxides are the most unstable and forbidden in transport?
Type A and are usually dissolved in a solvent to prevent the chemical reaction.
DOT definition of compressed gas?
pressure of 40psi at 70 degrees F.
Difference between gamma and x-rays origination?
Gamma originate in the nucleus and x-rays outside the the nucleus.
By doubling the distance in regards to radioactivity what happens?
the energy is decreased by 1/4.
oxidizers and corrosives make what class of chemical?
inorganic perioxides
definition of sublimation
the ability of a solid to change state directly to a gas.
Definition of LEL and UEL?
concentration of vapor from a liquid
or flammable gas in air.
Properties of alpha particles
shortest traveling distance at about 4”
largest of radioactive particles
lowest energy emmited.
Cyrogenics are defined at what temperature?
Boiling point - 130 degrees F
1% equals how many PPM?
10,000.
Expansion ratio of LPG- liquified petroleum gas?
250:1
Definition of Solvent?
material in GREATER concentration in a mixture
Emmited energy as a result of a change in the nucleus or its atoms is called?
Radioactivity.
What is the flash point of gasoline?
-45 degrees F
Definition of specific gravity?
the weight of a material with reference to water wether it will sink or float. Water being 1.0.
Properties of Neutrons
Travels the furthest and requires significant shielding
size is larger than beta but 1/4 the size of alpha.
found generally with atomic weapons.
what percentage of space must remain in the container of a compressed gas?
15%
the lower the flash point the ________ flammability of the liquid.
“Higher”
Easiest and most dangerous way for exposure from hazardous materials is?
through the respiratory system.
A good donning team will a backup team ready in how many minutes?
less than 1.
Describe level B protection?
NFPA 1992-highest level of respiratory protection
Protects against contacts with spills or splashes.
not- fully encapsulated –no permeation barrier/ just “Penetration”
not to be worn with dangerous gases or vapors
no thermal protection.
The first glove as the underglove should be which type?
nitrile - thin surgical type glove.
what is the minimum ratio to dress in protective clothing?
1:1
NFPA donning recommendations V/S?
BP < 150/90 HR < 70% of max HR (220-age) RR<24/min Oral temp 97f - 99.5f Core temp 98f-100.5f No sick S/S or new medication including OTC for 72hrs No ETOH in last 6hrs
where do instructions for donning and doffing clothing come from?
manufacturer.
Describe Level C protection?
NFPA 1993- Respiratory uses a APR (lower respiratory protection)
Allows for splash or leak protection from liquids that are KNOWN.
Does not constitute a health hazard if exposed.
Limited to support zone activities.
The best course of action when determining what to wear in a flammable environment is?
Change the atmosphere.
What issues are to be considered when wearing chemical protective clothing?
Buddy system
communications
working with tools
In- sight work.
Normalized break-through time is defined as?
0.1ug/cm2/min @80.6F.
What is the function of a butyl glove?
primarily to protect the ensemble glove not chemical resistance.
If a chemical does not appear on the clothing for resistance, what can be done?
consult a chemical compatibility and product properties chart.
level of protection for doffing persons out of CPC is determined by who?
safety officer and or group sector supervisor.
What is a major limitation of an “SAR”
hose length limited to 300ft.
Not approved in IDLH atmospheres unless equipped with an emergency escape SCBA.
Simple testing for level A garments consists of what?
visual inspection and gastight integrity.
What is a disadvantage of closed circuit SCBA?
inability to inflate a level A suit.
The OSHA law governing Respiratory equipment requires what type of notification to employees?
Written.
What is a “SAR”
supplied air respirator.
when did soft permeable lenses become allowed?
Feb 1998 OSHA.
Define Degradation?
Change in a material caused by contact with another agent.
Simple testing of Level B garments consists of what?
visual inspection only.
when should the mission briefing take place?
prior to members being suited up in CPC.
Define Actual break-through time?
When the detector first detects the chemical on the material being tested.
Limitations of level B suits
No permeation protection from gases or vapors
May still leak liquids
No thermal protection.
What is the last item removed of CPC?
Respiratory protection.
What are the visible signs of degradation?
charring, shrinking, softening, cracking, dissolving.
Describe Level A protective equipment….
Falls under NFPA 1991
provides highest level of respiratory and skin protection.
Should have flash protection.
Inner and outter gloves resistance of 60min
Pass 21 chemical tests for permeation.
How should entry and back-up persons dress in CPC?
at the same rate and same level of dress.
What is a major limitation of an “APR”
Cannot be used IDLH or 02 deficient atmospheres (<19.5% 02)
Only protects against specific chemicals.
Not Positive pressure.
Define Permeation?
Movement of chemical through a material on the molecular level.
What are the best methods to ensure heat related stress do not compromise hazardous entries from personnel?
Pre-donning physical and proper hydration.
Limitations of Level C suits?
Very use limited only for controlled situations.
No thermal protection.
OSHA standard for selection, use , testing , cleaning, maintenance…
1910.134 1998 edition.
Describe Level D protection?
Normal workplace protections and conditions.
No NFPA standard for Level D.
Use for in NON-EMERGENT situations.
Limitations of a Level A suit?
bulky
reduced mvt
communication is difficult.
physically stressful.
Define Penetration?
A “leak”. Movement of chemical through existing openings in a material or garment.
What needs to needs to be logged at a minimum for CPC?
Date of purchase manufacturer vendor serial # markings color material destruction date and disposal.
What is an “APR”
Air purifying respirator.
Penetration time criteria?
Garment must not show any leakage for 60min of continuous spray of water.
Most detection read-out is done ?
in real time
How should detector tubes be stored?
left in the their original box.
Transport packaging containing radioactive material is read how?
millirem/ hr @ 1 meter from the surface of the box.
Although detector tubes are calibrated to 1 material it may respond how?
to other materials that have similar structure and reactivity.
What is relative response?
when an instrument reading is higher or lower than the actual concentration of vapors or gases present.
Definition of precision?
grouping of separate readings around a calculated average.
alpha and beta radiation is read in what?
CPM- counts per minute
PID’s are designed to detect what?
organic vapors or gases in low PPM range.
What are the simplest kits in order to test for hazards?
Test papers and or kits.
What is the sampling procedure while using a sample line?
1 to 2 seconds per ft of hose.
Another name for radiation survey instruments commonly found in fire departments today is called what?
Ludlam meter.
What are the basic rules for detection devices? (7)
- prioritize monitoring- measure 02 levels first.
- select to appropriate instrument
- absence of evidence is evidence of absence.
- never assume only 1 hazard is present.
- use one instrument to confirm another
- interpret readings in more than 1 way
- establish action levels.- (unknowns have a 25% LEL.)
UL and FL markings mean what?
intrinsically safe for class 1 division 1 groups ABCD.
PID’s readouts in regards to IP are in what measure?
PPM.
What is gas chromatography mode?
the sample can be identified by seperating it into GC columns and the chemicals retention time.
FID’s measure reading are in what?
PPM
The aspiration pump for detector tubes must be calibrated how often?
on a quarterly basis.
oxygen enriched atmospheres are what %?
greater than 23.5%
what gas or vapor must be present in order for the FID to work?
oxygen.
What is survey mode with a FID?
translates organic vapors into concentration of PPM.
Primary disadvantage of a dosimeter is?
gives measurements of radiation that ALREADY has been received.
How is ionization potential (IP) expressed?
Electron volts.
CGI’s with IR capability can read what?
CO2 and CH3 levels in concentrations above 5,000PPM.
The time it takes the instrument to obtain the sample and produce readings is called what?
Response time.
Detector tubes detect what?
only if a chemical is present
Advantage of FID vs PID?
FID’s are not restricted by IP because it burns the actual material allowing higher PPM and allow identification of the gas or vapor.
what 2 modes do FID’s work in?
Survey and gas chromatography.
PID’s determine what?
if there are high or low concentrations of s chemical present.
Gamma radiation is measured in what?
mR/hr or uR/hr - roentgens.
Definition of accuracy?
average of all measurements fall within an acceptable predetermined interval from the true value.
PID readings of 5 PPM or more of an unknown gas or vapor mean what?
Indicate need for protective clothing and breathing apparatus.
An appropriately set CGI low level alarm is set at what percent of the cal gas?
10%
what is the most important initial check on an instrument?
the battery check
ambient air for calibrating and 02 sensor should be what %?
20.9%
A negative response for a detection tube may be more informative than a positive one why?
Since in can exclude number of potential chemical contaminants.
What is retention time?
the amount of time a substance remains within the column of the GC .
In order to use the FID’s GCs function what has to be known?
A general idea what gases or vapors may be present.
Explosion proof labels mean?
reactions are contained within enclosures.
Monitoring equipment helps you determine what 3 things?
appropriate PPE
safe areas and evacuation zones
control tactics
Definition of ionization potential?
the energy required to move the OUTTER MOST electron from the atom or nucleus.
what are the three different scales for a CGI?
PPM
% LEL
% gas
What gas is required for proper functioning of a CGI since it requires combustion of the vapor or gas its detecting?
Oxygen
what are the general confinement techniques for a liquid?
absorption/ adsorption damming/diking diversion dispersion retention.
What are the general techniques for containment?
Auxiliary closure devices bandages neutralization overpacking patching plugging
What are offensive operations decisions that need to be made?
what stresses caused the breech? Identity of the product Defensive actions already taken Offensive ops risk vs. benifit what hazards result in taking offensive ops Can offensive ops work Can offensive ops be done safely Can offensive ops mitigate the situation.
What is the pressure in the piping generally for a cargo tank?
75 psi
What are considered auxiliary tools?
bung wrenches
non- sparking tools
drum leveler/ up righting
dolly/ carts
What must be done to any container before attempting to control a leak?
stabilize the container.
Define containment?
KEEP IN CONTAINER
actions taken to keep material in “container”
what are the general confinement techniques for a solid?
Site control.
What are considered general hazards?
physical environmental container hazards container stability Container integrity Energy releases.
What are the considerations for overpacking a container?
Must be 85 gallons
Compatible with material or chemical hazard
must write chemical name on container
must write salvage drum on container
must be able to withstand pressure and not over pressurize container
What type of call makes up most Hazardous materials calls?
Non- bulk container.
What are auxiliary control devices or measures?
Dome clamps
engineered shut off valves
A B C chlorine kits
sealants
Cargo tank mitigation includes what?
replacing bolts, gaskets or caps.
If a relief valve on a non-cyrogenic tank is operating what should you do?
find out the reason it is operating, if the product is causing a hazard then defensive measures should be taken.
when and why do hazardous materials releases occur?
improperly secured valves bad gaskets overfilling unsecured fittings venting from relief valves
Flaring is used when?
disposal of flammable materials
Pneumatic plugs for drums range in size from ?
4 inches to 3 feet.
What should be done first before overpacking a drum?
stop the leak first.
AFFF foam for non-polar substances like gasoline/ oils work by?
reduces surface are and decreases heat production
define confinement
actions to keep material in an area?
Cargo control tank mitigation from piping or valves should be?
closing valves upstream of the leak.
What are the general control techniques for a gas or vapor?
Suppression
dispersion
confinement.
What are the terms when discussing damage to a container?
Cracks- narrow splits or breaks scores- indentation gouges-removal of container material dents- deformities burns
Can ABC kits be used for other chemicals than chlorine?
yes.
what are the most basic control measures for tank cars?
if open- close it - clockwise
if loose- tighten it- clockwise
if missing- replace it
Best methods for practicing on pressure vessels?
First practice without protective clothing
second add gloves
Third, use all together.
how much does a nearly full 35 gal drum weigh?
approx 600lbs
Cargo tank removal methods include?
flaring
transferring
venting
venting/burning
what should be done if unsure of a container’s status?
take defensive measures and get expert help.
What are mitigation methods for 55 gal drums?
Overpacking
bandages
plugging/ patching
sealants
Venting is used for what material?
non-flammable gases
What is the advantage of a vacuum truck
does not have to develop a higher pressure than the damaged container.
Are leaks from pressure relief valves considered a breach?
NO.
What is the anatomy of a drum?
circular opening at the top- BUNG
First rim at the top- CHIME
rims or rings below the 1st- ROLL RINGS
Regardless of flammability hazards, what should be controlled?
All ignition sources.
How are chemical exposures documented?
Hazmat form V-IID filled and given to Dist. Capt.
Supervisor incident report filled out with chemical exposures included
Tracking number
Casualty page
Notifications and forms sent to exposure control officer.
Who completes the 3 page billing report?
SPLOPS captain.
FOUO stands for?
“For official use Only”
Hazmat incident reporting will be in line with which policies?
VI-2 as well as Web EOC.
What are detection resources made up of?
physical, canine, and technical
Mitigation with regards to DRU trailers is defined by what activities?
Jurisdictional hazard analysis
Pre - planning (collection points)
Training- (public and private sectors).
Dive training certifications have when with an audit when?
January through August and Audit in September.
In order to bid into SPLOPS person must have completed ?
Dept approved Hazardous materials technician course.
what ordinance does hazmat incidents apply
98-13
Who is responsible for ensuring employees receive training in dive rescue?
Training and safety division.
Phase 3 - s/r of void spaces includes?
search of structures likely to contain survivors
detection resources include physical, canine, or technical.
IF other agencies have safeguarded information, how should it be handled?
Follow the guidelines from the sending organization, if no direction then follow PBCFR policy.
Topics and sources for Sensitive information come from?
Intellegence analysis reports Fire service intelligence enterprise open source reporting Florida virtual fusion center DHS reports Intelligence briefings
Who is responsible to review completed task books?
DC and BC of SPLOPS
Since a security clearance is not needed, what is sensitive information based on?
Need to know basis.
Task book completions for the crew is signed by who?
Who signs off Captains of SPLOPS?
SPLOPS captain for crew
DC for SPLOPS capt.
What happens to the 3 copies of the billing report?
Pink goes to originator
White and yellow go to DC of SPLOPS
Hard copies of sensitive information may be destroyed how?
shredding
pulping
pulverizing
Who itemizes the hazmat billing form?
DC of SPLOPS
Who determines which entities or individuals receive information?
The originator.
Assistance in SAR reporting can be gained by contacting who?
BC of Special operations
Incident reporting with suspicious activity reports (SAR) are notified in which order.
DC
FOO
PBC regional fusion center
How are sensitive materials marked at a minimum?
FOUO on the bottom of each page.
Hazardous materials technicians must meet or exceed minimum levels of what?
skill
knowledge
functional levels
FOUO material is marked by which agency?
DHS- dept of homeland security.
The sharing of sensitive information may be shared with which other agencies?
Federal, state, tribal, private, local, LEO.
Which exposure does not qualify of an HIV test?
Airborne.
When should the annexes be reviewed with subordinates and crew?
On an annual basis in the month of JULY.
What are the 5 phases of search and rescue?
phase 1- recon-
phase 2- rapid and hasty
phase 3- s/r of voids
phase 4- debris removal and human remains dectection
phase 5- general debris removal with human remains detection
What are the facilities that would require evacuation assistance?
hospitals nursing homes evacuation shelters fire stations/ police stations critical infrastructure facilities
On scene mgt of the DRU trailers for decontamination is the responsibility of who?
Dist. Captains
Storage of FOUO material can be placed in?
Filing cabinet
desk drawer
overhead storage compartment
all the above with locking capabilities.
Who determines dismenination of material?
Fire chief or designee.
Once the emergency needs of the community have met what are the priorities for returning to operation?
demobilization decontamination Employee notification documentation PIA
Responses are governed which documents?
Current edition of PBC regional HRMRT guidelines and PBCFR SOG 2401
Phase 4- debris removal and search for human remains includes?
systematic search of every room in a structure.
Audits of Hazmat completions and competency are done when?
Are signed off when?
November and signed in December.
What are the 2 search modes for USAR?
detection mode- determine if victims are present
location mode- pinpoint location for rescue
Electronic storage of sensitive material may be destroyed how?
overwriting
degaussing
The hazardous material technician refresher program is completed how often?
annual basis.
The CEMP containes annexes for what type emergencies?
Hurricane
wild land fire
homeland security
DRU trailers carry enough supplies for the treatment of how many victims?
100- 50 per trailer.
Handling of sensitive information is based on what type of system?
tier system
When should a hazmat unit be contacted with regard to exposure?
where the potential exists for undue chemical exposures.
“Significant exposures” are defined as?
Needle sticks, instruments, sharps
Mucous membranes
skin
airborne contact.
In order to be complaint the 29 CFR.1910 what instruction must be completed.
Didactic and compentency
When will the DRU trailers be available for support- during which kinds of incidents?
Nuclear
biological
hazmat/ chemical incidents
terrorism
Outside persons are considered with regards to sensitive information?
spouse, friends, relatives
Which PBCFR section is responsible for all invoicing and cash receipts for hazmat incidents?
Fiscal.
Phase 1 recon includes?
determining scope and magnitude of affected area
can be accomplished by air, water craft, vehicle, or walking
Dive refresher program consists of?
Task book with required competencies
dive logs
annual proficiency.
Who is responsible for employees receiving training to hazardous materials response?
Training and safety division.
Dive recurrency training authority falls under who?
Fire Administrator
NFPA 1670
FOUO information may be sent how?
department email, no personnel emails
Departmental information products are broken into what categories?
First responder safety “ALERT” - RED, TIME SENSITIVE
First responder safety “BULLETIN” - GREEN- REGULAR CYCLES
Weekly “REPORTS” - BLUE- NON- TIME SENSITIVE.
Briefing “EXECUTIVE”- GOLD-
Sensitive information guidelines protect what?
persons’ privacy
welfare
or the conduct of federal programs essential to national interest.
Low coverage and high coverage searches are what? and under which phase are they conducted?
Low coverage- systematic search of every room and void space
High coverage- complete de-layering and removal of collapse debris
Both conducted in both Phase 4 and 5.
When the CEMP become activated?
when the incident constitutes a “Severe emergency situation”.
Phase 2 - hasty and rapid search includes?
those in need of immediate evac from harm.
may be accomplished with recon.
Hazmat annual certifications and competency requirements are when?
January thru October
What is the purpose of the CEMP- comprehensive emergency management plan?
to have an organized way to respond to “potentially catastrophic emergencies”.
The specific subjects and hours a hazmat tech must complete is determined by who?
Training and safety each year.
PBCFR operates under what command system for USAR operations?
NIMS
What documents get attached to a hazmat report?
208 HM- site safety plan
PIA
billing materials form for incidents over 4 hrs.
Notification of Decontaminated patients going to a facility should be told what information?
Number of patients type and amt of contamination medical conditions time of arrival migratory times of other victims coming on their own.
Exclusion zone GUIDELINES for establishment ?
toxicity based on reading greater than published TLV/TWA or PEL
Any flammability reading from a CGI
O2 deficient <19.5% or enriched >23.5%
radioactivity w/ readings above backround
When the decision NOT to execute and order what happens?
must be documented in writing by the hazmat group supervisor referencing the SOG or safety guidelines.
What staffing is needed prior to teams making entry?
Dedicated rescue w/ paramedics for entry.
If entry is into an IDLH then Toxmedics are required
is a level 3 response
Severe incident
Medical exams are conducted when?
at least q 12 months prior to assignment and exit from a team as deemed necessary by a physician upon s/s of an exposure. cases of suspected exposure above a PEL.
What is the minimum level of CPC when monitoring initially?
Level B
what is a level 1 response?
dealing w/ known substances no deaths or injures limited area less than 300ft less than 25 gallons evacuation not more than 4 hrs
Radiation action levels?
2 x background requires high and low range dosimetry.
Who gets notified when situation is IDLH and involving extremely hazardous substances?
Need for Toxmedic (4) FRO for decon ops palm beach county dept emergency mgt. PBCDEM county warning point CWP state warning point SWP Florida division of emergency mgt
How is zone 4 notified for a hazmat response?
Through Boca Raton communications center by direct telephone line and Boca will contact Delray beach communications center.
How are operational periods organized?
initial- 4hrs
greater than 1 entry- may request add’l team
greater than 4 entries - requires IC notification
extended ops defined as: (2) 4hr ops periods or greater than 4 entries
How often does post entry eval occur?
immediately after exiting and 10min.
When can RHMRT supervisor transfer responsibilities to another group supervisor?
with the concurrence of the IC.
What is the curriculum that a hazmat group supervisor must complete?
Florida state emergency response commissions guideline for public sector hazardous materials training.
Hazardous materials incident commander and OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 (q)(6)
Under termination, a PIA will be conducted under what requirements?
response of more than 1 RHMRT and completed as soon as possible after the incident.
Supplied air lines have a maximum length of?
300ft from the air source