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neurology FA > spinal nerves / spinal cord > Flashcards

spinal nerves / spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

spinal nerves - number

A

31 pairs

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2
Q

spinal nerves - number and type

A 
31 pais 
8 cervical
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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3
Q

spinal nerves - names

A

C1 - C7 exit above the corresponding vertebra

C8 spinal nerve exit below

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4
Q

C3 exits….(area)

L2 exits….(area)

A

C3: above the 3rd cervical vertebra
L2: below the 2nd lumbar vertebra

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5
Q

vertebra disc hernitation?

A

nucleus polposus (soft central disc) herniates through annulus fibrosus (outer ring)

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6
Q

vertebra disc hernitation - direction

A

usually posterolaterally

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7
Q

vertebra disc hernitation - area

A

MC at L4-L5 or L5-S1

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8
Q

in adults, spinal cords extent to …

A

lower border of L1-L2

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9
Q

subarachnoid space (spinal cord) extends to

A

lower border of S2

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10
Q

lumbar puncture is usually performed between

A

L3-L4

L4-L5

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11
Q

caudal equina level

A

L3-L5

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12
Q

goal of lumbar puncture

A

obtain sample of CSF without damaging spinal cord

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13
Q

spinal cord tracts?

A
  1. dorsal column
  2. lateral spinothalamic
  3. anterior spinothalamic
  4. lateral corticospinal tract
  5. anterior corticospinal tract
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14
Q

spinal cord ascending tracts

A
  1. dorsal column
  2. lateral spinothalamic
  3. anterior spinothalamic
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15
Q

spinal cord descending tracts

A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract

2. anterior corticospinal tract

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16
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column transfers

A
  1. pressure
  2. vibration
  3. fine touch
  4. propioception
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17
Q

spinal cord axon fibers in dorsal column are divided to (and location)

A
  1. fasciculus gracilis –> medial

2. fasciculus cuneatus –> lateral

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18
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - fasciculus gracilis vs fasciculus cuneatus according function

A
  1. fasciculus gracilis –> lower body, legs

2. fasciculus cuneatus –> upper body, arms

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19
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral

A

fasciculus gracilis: sacral lumbar to middle thoracic

fasciculus cuneatus: thoracic cervical to cervical

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20
Q

spinal cord - lateral spinothalamic tract transfers

A

pain

temperature

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21
Q

spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral

A

cervical to sacral

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22
Q

spinal cord - anterior spinothalamic tract transfers

A 
crude touch (απροσδιόριστη) 
pressure
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23
Q

distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral - lateral corticospinal tract vs dorsal column

A

lateral corticospinal tract –> cervical to sacral

dorsal column –> sacral to cervical

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24
Q

spinal cord descending tracts

A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract

2. anterior corticospinal tract

25
Q

spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - function

A

voluntary motor

26
Q

spinal cord - anterior corticospinal tract - function

A

voluntary motor

27
Q

spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - distribution of spinal cord segments - medial to lateral

A

cervical - sacral

28
Q

spinal cord - ascending tracts - correlation between cross and synapse

A

ascending tracts synapse and then cross

29
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column transfers

A
  1. pressure
  2. vibration
  3. fine touch
  4. propioception
30
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column direction

A

1st neuron: sensory ending –> cell body in dorsal root ganglion –> enter spinal cord, ascend ipsilaterally in dorsal column –> 1st synapse to ipsilateral nucleus cuneatus or gracilis (medulla) –>2nd neuron: decussates in medulla –> ascends contralaterally in medial lemniscus –> 2nd synpase on VPL of thalamus
–> 3rd neuron: sensory cortex

31
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - 1st neuron

A

sensory nerve endings

32
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - 1st neuron synapse to

A

ipsilateral nucleus cuneatus or gracilis (medulla)

33
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - 2nd neuron direction

A

decussates in medulla –> ascends contralaterally in medial lemniscus

34
Q

spinal cord - dorsal column - synapse on thalamus - nulceus

A

Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)

35
Q

spinal cord - spinothalamic tract transfers

A

lateral: pain, temperature
anterior: crude touch, pressure

36
Q

spinal cord - spinothalamic tract - direction

A

1st neuron: sensory nerve ending (Αδ and C fibers) –> cell body in dorsal root ganglion –> enters spinal cord –> synapse 1: ipsilateral gray matter (posterior horn) –> 2nd neuron: decussates at anterior white commissure –> ascends contralaterally –> synapse 2 on ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of thalamus –> 3rs neron to sensory cortex

37
Q

spinal cord - descending tracts? and function

A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract
  2. anterior corticospinal tract
    VOLUNTARY MOTOR
38
Q

spinal cord - lateral corticospinal tract - direction

A

upper motor neuron: cell body in 1ry motor cortex –> descends ipsilaterally, through internal capsule, most fibers decussate at caudal medulla (pyramidal decussation) –> descents contralaterally –> synapse at cell body of anterior horn –> lower motor neuron: leaves spinal cord and synapse (2) at NMJ

39
Q

dorsal column synapses on thalamus - nucleus?

A

Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)

40
Q

spinoathalamic tract synapse on thalamus - nucleus?

A

Ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)

41
Q

lateral corticospinal tract - decussation?

A

most fibers decussate at caudal medulla (pyramidal decussation)

42
Q

dorsal column tract - decussation?

A

in medulla

43
Q

motor neuron - weakness - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

both

44
Q

motor neuron - atrophy - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

LMN

45
Q

motor neuron - fasciculations - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

LMN

46
Q

motor neuron - reflexes - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

increase in UMN lesion

decrease in LMN lesion

47
Q

motor neuron - tone - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

increase in UMN lesion

decrease in LMN lesion

48
Q

motor neuron - Babinski - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

UMN (+)

LMN (-)

49
Q

motor neuron - spastic paralysis - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

UMN

50
Q

motor neuron - flaccid paralysis - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

LMN

51
Q

motor neuron - clasp knife spasticity - UMN vs LMN lesion?

A

UMN

52
Q

fasciculations?

A

muscle twitching

53
Q

postitive Babinski is normal in

A

infants

54
Q

muscle tone?

A

muscle’s resistance to passive stretch during resting state

55
Q

clasp knife spasticity

A

the resistance of an affected muscle is not the same throughout the range of movement, but tends to be most marked when passive movement is initiated and then diminishes as the movement continues (ΣΟΥΓΙΑΣ)

56
Q

spasticity?

A

increase in tone

57
Q

flaccidity

A

hypotonia

58
Q

types of hypertonia

A
  1. spasticity

2. rigitity

59
Q

rigitity?

A

consists of increased resistance to passive movement that is independent of the direction of the movement

neurology FA (31 decks)

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