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neurology FA > Sleep physiology > Flashcards

Sleep physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep cycle is regulated by …. , which is driven by ….

A

circadian rhythm

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus

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2
Q

circadian rhythm controls …

A

noctural release of ACTH, prolactin, melatonin, norepinephrine

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3
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus is regulated by

A

environment (eg. light)

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4
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus - melatonin secretion regulation

A

environment (eg. light) –> suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus –> norepinephrine release –> pineal gland –> melatonin

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5
Q

stage of sleep

A
  1. rapid-eye movement (REM)

2. non-REM

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6
Q

REM special feature

A

extraocular movements during REM

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7
Q

REM - extraocular movements is due to

A

activity of paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center

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8
Q

REM - duration

A

increases through the night

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9
Q

REM occurs every

A

90 mins

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10
Q

benzodiazepines clinical use in sleep

A
  1. night terrors

2. sleepwalking

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11
Q

treat bedwetting (sleep enuresis) with

A

oral desmopressin

or imipramine

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12
Q

bedwetting - desmopressin vs imipramine

A

desmopressin is proffered because of the latter’s adverse effects

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13
Q

substance that affect delta waves

A

alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates –> decrease delta wave sleep

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14
Q

substance that affect REM

A

alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and norepinephrine –> decreased REM sleep

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15
Q

awake to sleep - stages

A
  1. awake with eyes open
  2. awake with eyes closed
  3. Non-REM
  4. REM
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16
Q

stages of Non-REM sleep

A

stage N1
stage N2
stage N3

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17
Q

stage of sleep - proportions

A

Non-REM stage N1 - 5%
Non-REM stage N2 - 45%
Non-REM stage N3 - 25%
REM - 25%

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18
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during awake open eyes

A

Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)

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19
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during awake closed eyes

A

Alpha

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20
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during Non-REM sleep stage N1

A

theta

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21
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during Non-REM sleep stage N2

A

sleep spindles and K complexes

22
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during Non-REM sleep stage N3

A

Delta (lowest frequency, highest amplitude)

23
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during REM sleep

24
Q

sleep cycle - appearance of Beta vs Delta according to EEG waveform

A

Beta –> highest frequency, lowest amplitude

Delta –> lowest frequency, highest amplitude

25
Awake (eyes open) - condition
alert | active metal concentration
26
Non-REM sleep - stage N1 condition
light sleep
27
Non-REM sleep - stage N2 condition
Deeper sleep (than N1)
28
Non-REM sleep - stage N3 condition
Deepest non-REM slow
29
REM sleep - condition
Loss of motor tone increased brain oxygen use increased and variable pulse and BP
30
Non-REM sleep - stage N2 - special characteristic
when bruxism occur
31
Non-REM sleep - stage N3 - special characteristic
when sleepwalking, night terrors and bedwetting occur
32
REM sleep - special characteristic
when dreaming and penile/clitoral tumescence occur
33
REM sleep may serve .....
memory processing function
34
light sleep
Non-REM sleep - stage N1
35
sleep cycle - sleepwalking
Non-REM sleep - stage N3
36
sleep cycle - dreaming
REM sleep
37
sleep cycle - bedwetting
Non-REM sleep - stage N3
38
slow wave sleep
Non-REM sleep - stage N3
39
sleep cycle - night terrors
Non-REM sleep - stage N3
40
alcohol effect on sleep
decreased REM and delta wave sleep
41
sleep cycle - theta waves
Non-REM sleep - stage N1
42
sleep cycle - delta waves
Non-REM sleep - stage N3
43
sleep cycle - alpha waves
awake eyes closed
44
sleep cycle - increase brain O2 use
REM
45
sleep cycle - clitoral tumescence
REM
46
extraocular movement during REM sleep is due to
paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center
47
alcohol effect on sleep
decreases REM and delta wave sleep
48
benzodiazepines effect on sleep
decreases REM and delta wave sleep
49
EEG with highest frequency and lowest amplitude - phase of sleep
1. awake with eyes open | 2. REM sleep
50
bruxism - definition and phase of sleep
involuntary habitual grinding of the teeth, typically during sleep (Non-REM sleep N2)

neurology FA (31 decks)

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