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neurology FA > Sleep physiology > Flashcards

Sleep physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Sleep cycle is regulated by …. , which is driven by ….

A

circadian rhythm

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus

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2
Q

circadian rhythm controls …

A

noctural release of ACTH, prolactin, melatonin, norepinephrine

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3
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus is regulated by

A

environment (eg. light)

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4
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus - melatonin secretion regulation

A

environment (eg. light) –> suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus –> norepinephrine release –> pineal gland –> melatonin

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5
Q

stage of sleep

A
  1. rapid-eye movement (REM)

2. non-REM

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6
Q

REM special feature

A

extraocular movements during REM

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7
Q

REM - extraocular movements is due to

A

activity of paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center

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8
Q

REM - duration

A

increases through the night

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9
Q

REM occurs every

A

90 mins

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10
Q

benzodiazepines clinical use in sleep

A
  1. night terrors

2. sleepwalking

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11
Q

treat bedwetting (sleep enuresis) with

A

oral desmopressin

or imipramine

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12
Q

bedwetting - desmopressin vs imipramine

A

desmopressin is proffered because of the latter’s adverse effects

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13
Q

substance that affect delta waves

A

alcohol, benzodiazepines and barbiturates –> decrease delta wave sleep

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14
Q

substance that affect REM

A

alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and norepinephrine –> decreased REM sleep

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15
Q

awake to sleep - stages

A
  1. awake with eyes open
  2. awake with eyes closed
  3. Non-REM
  4. REM
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16
Q

stages of Non-REM sleep

A

stage N1
stage N2
stage N3

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17
Q

stage of sleep - proportions

A

Non-REM stage N1 - 5%
Non-REM stage N2 - 45%
Non-REM stage N3 - 25%
REM - 25%

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18
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during awake open eyes

A

Beta (highest frequency, lowest amplitude)

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19
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during awake closed eyes

A

Alpha

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20
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during Non-REM sleep stage N1

A

theta

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21
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during Non-REM sleep stage N2

A

sleep spindles and K complexes

22
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during Non-REM sleep stage N3

A

Delta (lowest frequency, highest amplitude)

23
Q

sleep cycle - EEG waveform during REM sleep

24
Q

sleep cycle - appearance of Beta vs Delta according to EEG waveform

A

Beta –> highest frequency, lowest amplitude

Delta –> lowest frequency, highest amplitude

25
Q

Awake (eyes open) - condition

A

alert

active metal concentration

26
Q

Non-REM sleep - stage N1 condition

A

light sleep

27
Q

Non-REM sleep - stage N2 condition

A

Deeper sleep (than N1)

28
Q

Non-REM sleep - stage N3 condition

A

Deepest non-REM slow

29
Q

REM sleep - condition

A

Loss of motor tone
increased brain oxygen use
increased and variable pulse and BP

30
Q

Non-REM sleep - stage N2 - special characteristic

A

when bruxism occur

31
Q

Non-REM sleep - stage N3 - special characteristic

A

when sleepwalking, night terrors and bedwetting occur

32
Q

REM sleep - special characteristic

A

when dreaming and penile/clitoral tumescence occur

33
Q

REM sleep may serve …..

A

memory processing function

34
Q

light sleep

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N1

35
Q

sleep cycle - sleepwalking

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N3

36
Q

sleep cycle - dreaming

37
Q

sleep cycle - bedwetting

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N3

38
Q

slow wave sleep

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N3

39
Q

sleep cycle - night terrors

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N3

40
Q

alcohol effect on sleep

A

decreased REM and delta wave sleep

41
Q

sleep cycle - theta waves

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N1

42
Q

sleep cycle - delta waves

A

Non-REM sleep - stage N3

43
Q

sleep cycle - alpha waves

A

awake eyes closed

44
Q

sleep cycle - increase brain O2 use

45
Q

sleep cycle - clitoral tumescence

46
Q

extraocular movement during REM sleep is due to

A

paramedian pontine reticular formation/conjugate gaze center

47
Q

alcohol effect on sleep

A

decreases REM and delta wave sleep

48
Q

benzodiazepines effect on sleep

A

decreases REM and delta wave sleep

49
Q

EEG with highest frequency and lowest amplitude - phase of sleep

A
  1. awake with eyes open

2. REM sleep

50
Q

bruxism - definition and phase of sleep

A

involuntary habitual grinding of the teeth, typically during sleep (Non-REM sleep N2)

neurology FA (31 decks)

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