common brain lesions

Question 1

common brain lesion - amygdala (bilateral) - manifestations

Answer 1

Kluver - Bucy syndrome –> disinhibited behavior:

1. hyperphagia
2. hypersexuality
3. hyperpolarity

Question 2

Kluver - Bucy syndrome - area of lesion and cause

Answer 2

• amygdala (bilateral)

- HSV-1

Question 3

common brain lesion - frontal lobe - manifestations

Answer 3

1. Disinhibition
2. deficits in concentration, orientation and judgement
3. maybe re-emergence of primitive reflexes

Question 4

common brain lesion - dominant parietal-temporal cortex

Answer 4

GERSTMANN SYNDROME

1. Agraphia 2. acalculia 3. finger agnosia
2. left - right disorientation

Question 5

GERSTMANN SYNDROME is caused by

Answer 5

dominant parietal-temporal cortex lesion

Question 6

acalculia

Answer 6

acquired impairment in which patients have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks

Question 7

agraphia

Answer 7

acquired neurological disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing

Question 8

finger agnosia

Answer 8

inability to distinguish the fingers on the hand

Question 9

common brain lesion - nondominant parietal-temporal cortex

Answer 9

Hemispatial neglect syndrome –> agnosia of the contralateral side of the world

Question 10

Hemispatial neglect syndrome –>

Answer 10

agnosia of the contralateral side of the world

Question 11

reticular activating system - area

Answer 11

midbrain

Question 12

common brain lesions - reticular activating system - manifestations

Answer 12

reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (eg. coma)

Question 13

common brain lesions - frontal eye fields - manifestations

Answer 13

Eyes look torward lesion

Question 14

common brain lesions - paramedian pontine reticular formation - manifestations

Answer 14

eyes look away from side of lesion

Question 15

common brain lesions - hippocampus (bilateral) - manifestation

Answer 15

anterograde amnesia: inability to make new memories

Question 16

common brain lesions - subthalamic lesion - manifestations

Answer 16

contralateral hemiballismus: sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm +/- ipsilateral leg

Question 17

common brain lesions - basal ganglia - manifestations

Answer 17

tremor at rest
chorea
athetosis

Question 18

common brain lesions - basal ganglia - disease?

Answer 18

1. Parkinson disease

2. Huntington disease

Question 19

common brain lesions - cerebellar vermis - manifestations

Answer 19

truncal ataxia

dysarthria

Question 20

common brain lesions - Mamillary bodies (bilateral) - manifestations

Answer 20

Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome: 1. confusion 2. ataxia

3. ophthalmoplegia 4. memory loss 5. comfabulation
4. personality changes

Question 21

Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome - memory loss

Answer 21

anterograde and retrograde

Question 22

retrograde memory loss

Answer 22

loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned

Question 23

Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome is associated with

Answer 23

thiamine (B1) deficiency and excessive alcohol use

Question 24

Mamillary bodies (bilateral) / Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome can be precipitated by

Answer 24

giving glucose without B1 to a B1-deficient patient

Question 25

common brain lesions - cerebellar hemisphere - manifestations

Answer 25

at the site of damage:

1. intention tremor 2. limb ataxia
2. loss of balance 4. fall toward side of lesion

Question 26

Gesrtman syndrome - common brain lesions?

Answer 26

Dominant parietal-temporal cortex

Question 27

disinhibition - common brain lesions?

Answer 27

1. bilateral amygdala (Kluver-Bucy syndrome)

2. Frontal lobe

Question 28

common brain lesions - frontal eye field vs paramedian pontine reticular formation - according manifestations

Answer 28

frontal eye field –> eyes look toward lesion

paramedian pontine reticular formation –> eyes look away from the side of lesion

Question 29

frontal eye fields - location

Answer 29

in the frontal cortex

Question 30

frontal eye fields is responsible for

Answer 30

non-tracking, voluntary eye movements

Question 31

Cerebral hemisphere degeneration is associated with

Answer 31

chronic alcohol use