common brain lesions Flashcards
common brain lesion - amygdala (bilateral) - manifestations
Kluver - Bucy syndrome –> disinhibited behavior:
- hyperphagia
- hypersexuality
- hyperpolarity
Kluver - Bucy syndrome - area of lesion and cause
- amygdala (bilateral)
- HSV-1
common brain lesion - frontal lobe - manifestations
- Disinhibition
- deficits in concentration, orientation and judgement
- maybe re-emergence of primitive reflexes
common brain lesion - dominant parietal-temporal cortex
GERSTMANN SYNDROME
- Agraphia 2. acalculia 3. finger agnosia
- left - right disorientation
GERSTMANN SYNDROME is caused by
dominant parietal-temporal cortex lesion
acalculia
acquired impairment in which patients have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks
agraphia
acquired neurological disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing
finger agnosia
inability to distinguish the fingers on the hand
common brain lesion - nondominant parietal-temporal cortex
Hemispatial neglect syndrome –> agnosia of the contralateral side of the world
Hemispatial neglect syndrome –>
agnosia of the contralateral side of the world
reticular activating system - area
midbrain
common brain lesions - reticular activating system - manifestations
reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (eg. coma)
common brain lesions - frontal eye fields - manifestations
Eyes look torward lesion
common brain lesions - paramedian pontine reticular formation - manifestations
eyes look away from side of lesion
common brain lesions - hippocampus (bilateral) - manifestation
anterograde amnesia: inability to make new memories
common brain lesions - subthalamic lesion - manifestations
contralateral hemiballismus: sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm +/- ipsilateral leg
common brain lesions - basal ganglia - manifestations
tremor at rest
chorea
athetosis
common brain lesions - basal ganglia - disease?
- Parkinson disease
2. Huntington disease
common brain lesions - cerebellar vermis - manifestations
truncal ataxia
dysarthria
common brain lesions - Mamillary bodies (bilateral) - manifestations
Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome: 1. confusion 2. ataxia
- ophthalmoplegia 4. memory loss 5. comfabulation
- personality changes
Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome - memory loss
anterograde and retrograde
retrograde memory loss
loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned
Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome is associated with
thiamine (B1) deficiency and excessive alcohol use
Mamillary bodies (bilateral) / Wernicke - Korsakoff syndrome can be precipitated by
giving glucose without B1 to a B1-deficient patient
