other 2 Flashcards
bilateral ACA occlusion
- behavioral problems (ABULIA)
- urinary incontinence
- primitive reflex
prosopoagnosia - area of lesion
Right inferior tempora lobe (vascular territory of MCA)
CN 9, 10, 11 exit the brainstem through
postolivary sulcus
CN 12 exits brainstem through
sulcus between olive + pyramide
CN 3 exits brainstem through
interpendicular space
orbital floor damage –>
- sensation of upper cheek, upper lip numbness + paresthesia (infraorbital nerve)
- exopthalmus (entrapment of the inferior rctus muscle) –> impaired vertical gaze
CN 7 exit through … + branches to
stylomastoid foramen –> within parotid gland – > terminal 5 branches:
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
primary visual cortex is aka …. / divided to
STRIATE cortex:
cuneus gyrus –> low field
lingual gyrus –> upper visual field
artery of Percheron
branches off either right or left PCA –> supplies the bilateral thalami + dorsal midbrain
(rare normal variant + consider in patients with bilateral thalami or dorsal midbrain strokes
opioid receptor effects
K: miosis, analgesia
delta: antidepressant
Mu: all else + analgesia
(all are analgetic)
scute cerebellitis
post viral ataxia in children –> resolve in 3 weeks
Raphe nucleis - location + function
location: brainstem
role in sleep-wake cycle, anxiety, mood, psychosis, sexuality, eating behavior, impulsivity
frontal lobe lesions
executive function + personality changes
let side –>apathy + depression
right –> disinhibition
temporal lobe lesion
dominant –> verbal memory
nondominant –> nonverbal memory (eg. music)
cricothyrotomy - passes through
skin –> superficial cervical facia (including fat + platyasma) –> investing and pretracheal layers of the deep cervical fascia –> cricothyroid membrane
(the 3rd layer of deep cerical fascia, the prevertebral, is not penetrated)
Vernet syndrome
lesion of jugular foramen syndrome –> dysfunction of CN 9, 10, 11
CNS - histamine: location of synthesis + role
- posterior hypothalamus
- arousal + weakness
- corpus collosum blood supply
2. damage?
- anterior 4/5 –> ACA
splenium –> PCA - split brain damage –> lack of interhemispheric transfer of informations (eg. unable to retrieve by one hand an object palpated with the other)
glossopharyngeal nerve - parasympathetics
inferior salivatory nulcleus –> CN 9 –> otic ganglion –> travels allong auticulotemporal nerve (V) parotid gland secretion
interscalene nerve blcok –> side effects
transient ipsilateral dipragmativ paralysis due to involvment of phrenic nerve roots as they pass thorought the interscalene sheath
(should be avoided in COPD or contralateral phrenic nerve lesion)
infraorbital nerve is the continuation of the
maxillary nerve (V2)
Optic tract fibers project mainly to the
- lateral geniculate nucleus
- superior colliculus (reflex gaze)
- pretectal area (light reflex)
- surachiasmatic nucleus (cyrcadian rhythms)
anterior choroidal artery
last branch of internal carotid –> posterior limb of internal capsule, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, choroid plexus, uncus, hippocampus, amygdala
Drugs for neuropathic pain
- tricyclic antidepressants
- Anticonvulsants
- opioids
- Caspaicin
- Lidocaine
Ramelteon?
Ramelteon?melatonin agonists –> safe + effective in reducing time to sleep onset in elderly (benzodiaz, antihistamines, sedating antidepressants should be avoided in elderly)
bupropion is preferred compare other antidepressants because
- no sexual dysfunction
2. less weight gain
Guillain-Barre syndrome - cranial nerves?
Bell pulsy
neurons are highly sensitive to iscemia - mechanism
they do not store glycogen
