other 2

Question 1

bilateral ACA occlusion

Answer 1

1. behavioral problems (ABULIA)
2. urinary incontinence
3. primitive reflex

Question 2

prosopoagnosia - area of lesion

Answer 2

Right inferior tempora lobe (vascular territory of MCA)

Question 3

CN 9, 10, 11 exit the brainstem through

Answer 3

postolivary sulcus

Question 4

CN 12 exits brainstem through

Answer 4

sulcus between olive + pyramide

Question 5

CN 3 exits brainstem through

Answer 5

interpendicular space

Question 6

orbital floor damage –>

Answer 6

1. sensation of upper cheek, upper lip numbness + paresthesia (infraorbital nerve)
2. exopthalmus (entrapment of the inferior rctus muscle) –> impaired vertical gaze

Question 7

CN 7 exit through … + branches to

Answer 7

stylomastoid foramen –> within parotid gland – > terminal 5 branches:

1. temporal
2. zygomatic
3. buccal
4. mandibular
5. cervical

Question 8

primary visual cortex is aka …. / divided to

Answer 8

STRIATE cortex:
cuneus gyrus –> low field
lingual gyrus –> upper visual field

Question 9

artery of Percheron

Answer 9

branches off either right or left PCA –> supplies the bilateral thalami + dorsal midbrain
(rare normal variant + consider in patients with bilateral thalami or dorsal midbrain strokes

Question 10

opioid receptor effects

Answer 10

K: miosis, analgesia
delta: antidepressant
Mu: all else + analgesia
(all are analgetic)

Question 11

scute cerebellitis

Answer 11

post viral ataxia in children –> resolve in 3 weeks

Question 12

Raphe nucleis - location + function

Answer 12

location: brainstem

role in sleep-wake cycle, anxiety, mood, psychosis, sexuality, eating behavior, impulsivity

Question 13

frontal lobe lesions

Answer 13

executive function + personality changes
let side –>apathy + depression
right –> disinhibition

Question 14

temporal lobe lesion

Answer 14

dominant –> verbal memory

nondominant –> nonverbal memory (eg. music)

Question 15

cricothyrotomy - passes through

Answer 15

skin –> superficial cervical facia (including fat + platyasma) –> investing and pretracheal layers of the deep cervical fascia –> cricothyroid membrane
(the 3rd layer of deep cerical fascia, the prevertebral, is not penetrated)

Question 16

Vernet syndrome

Answer 16

lesion of jugular foramen syndrome –> dysfunction of CN 9, 10, 11

Question 17

CNS - histamine: location of synthesis + role

Answer 17

• posterior hypothalamus

- arousal + weakness

Question 18

1. corpus collosum blood supply

2. damage?

Answer 18

1. anterior 4/5 –> ACA
   splenium –> PCA
2. split brain damage –> lack of interhemispheric transfer of informations (eg. unable to retrieve by one hand an object palpated with the other)

Question 19

glossopharyngeal nerve - parasympathetics

Answer 19

inferior salivatory nulcleus –> CN 9 –> otic ganglion –> travels allong auticulotemporal nerve (V) parotid gland secretion

Question 20

interscalene nerve blcok –> side effects

Answer 20

transient ipsilateral dipragmativ paralysis due to involvment of phrenic nerve roots as they pass thorought the interscalene sheath
(should be avoided in COPD or contralateral phrenic nerve lesion)

Question 21

infraorbital nerve is the continuation of the

Answer 21

maxillary nerve (V2)

Question 22

Optic tract fibers project mainly to the

Answer 22

1. lateral geniculate nucleus
2. superior colliculus (reflex gaze)
3. pretectal area (light reflex)
4. surachiasmatic nucleus (cyrcadian rhythms)

Question 23

anterior choroidal artery

Answer 23

last branch of internal carotid –> posterior limb of internal capsule, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, choroid plexus, uncus, hippocampus, amygdala

Question 24

Drugs for neuropathic pain

Answer 24

1. tricyclic antidepressants
2. Anticonvulsants
3. opioids
4. Caspaicin
5. Lidocaine

Question 25

Ramelteon?

Answer 25

Ramelteon?melatonin agonists –> safe + effective in reducing time to sleep onset in elderly (benzodiaz, antihistamines, sedating antidepressants should be avoided in elderly)

Question 26

bupropion is preferred compare other antidepressants because

Answer 26

1. no sexual dysfunction

2. less weight gain

Question 27

Guillain-Barre syndrome - cranial nerves?

Answer 27

Bell pulsy

Question 28

neurons are highly sensitive to iscemia - mechanism

Answer 28

they do not store glycogen