blood perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

blood - cortical distribution - arteries and what the supply

A
  1. anterior cerebral artery –> anteriomedial surface of the cortex
  2. middle cerebral artery –> lateral surface of the cortex
  3. posterior cerebral artery –> posterior and inferior surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior cerebral artery supplies

A

anteriomedial surface of the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

middle cerebral artery supplies

A

lateral surface of the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

posterior cerebral artery supplies

A

posterior and inferior surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

watershed zones of the brain - areas

A
  • between anterior cerebral/middle cerebral arteries

- between posterior cerebral/middle cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

watershed zone are in danger to be damaged under / lesions

A

severe hypotension –> 1. upper leg/upper arm weakness 2. defects kn higher order visual processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basilar artery is formed by

A

anastomosis of right and left vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

cerebellar arteries

A
  1. superior cerebellar
  2. anterior inferior cerebellar
  3. posterior inferior cerebellar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

source of posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

A

branch of vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

source of anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

A

branch at the formation of basilar artery (from right and left vertebral arteries anastomosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

source of superior cerebellar arteries

A

branch just before the end of basilar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

basilar artery branches

A
  1. anterior inferior cerebellar (at the beginning)
  2. pontine arteries
  3. superior cerebellar
  4. basilar artery becomes left and right posterior cerebral artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

circle of willis - definition

A

system of anastomoses between anterior and posterior blood supplies to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

source of posterior cerebral artery

A

at the and of basilar artery (basilar artery becomes right and left posterior cerebral artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

source of middle cerebral artery

A

internal carotid is divided to middle and anterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

source of anterior cerebral artery

A

internal carotid is divided to middle and anterior cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

area of circle of wills (anatomy)

A

near optic chiasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

communicating between cerebral arteries

A
  1. anterior communicating –> between left and right cerebral artery
  2. posterior communicating –> posterior cerebral with internal carotid (just before the division of middle and anterior cerebral artery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

source of anterior spinal artery

A

from both vertebral arteries (2 vertebral arteries –> 1 anterior spinal artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

first branches of middle cerebral artery

A
  1. anterior choroidal artery

2. Lenticulo-striate arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Brain perfusion relies on tight …

A

auto-regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

auto-regulation - Cerebral perfusion is primarily driven by

A
  1. PCO2 (primarily)

2. PO2 (in severe hypoxia)

23
Q

auto-regulation - hypoxemia increases cerebral perfusion pressure when

A

P02 is less than 50 mm Hg

24
Q

autoregulation - relationship between PO2 and cerebral blood flow

A

P02 increases cerebral blood flow (until P02=50 mmHg)

PO2>50 –> plateau of cerebral blood flow

25
autoregulation - relationship between PCO2 and cerebral blood flow
cerebral perfusion pressure increases with PCO2 until PCO2=90 mmHg at PCO2>90 --> plateau of cerebral blood flow
26
pathophysiology of fainting in panic attack
increased RR --> decreased PCO2 --> decreased cerebral blood flow --> fainting
27
therapeutic hyperventilation of acute cerebral edema (stroke, trauma)
hyperventilation --> decreased PCO2--> vasoconstriction --> decreased cerebral blood flow --> decreased intracranial pressure
28
CPP
cerebral perfusion pressure
29
CPP (cerebral perfusion pressure) = .. (and explanation)
CPP = MAP - ICP | cerebral perfusion relies on pressure gradient between mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure
30
CCP (cerebral perfusion pressure)? if decreased MAP
decreased
31
CCP (cerebral perfusion pressure)? if increased ICP
decreased
32
if CCP=O --> ..
no cerebral perfusion --> brain death
33
circle of Willis - anterior vs posterior circulation (which arteries)
posterior: basilar artery - posterior cerebral arteries anterior: anterior and middle cerebral arteries, internal carotid
34
dural venous sinuses? and area
large venous channels that run through the dura
35
dural venous sinuses - flows? (function)
drain blood from cerebral vein and receive CSF from arachnoid granulation they empty into internal jugular vein
36
Arachnoid granulations are
growths of arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses through which CSF enters the venous system.
37
dural venous sinuses empty into
internal jugular vein
38
dural venous sinuses drain blood from
cerebral vein
39
dural venous sinuses - examples (types)
1. superior sagittal (οβελιάιος) sinus 2. inferior sagital sinus 3. straight sinus (ευθής) 4. occipital sinus 5. transverse sinus (εγκάρσιος) 6. sphenoparietal sinus 7. cavernous sinus 8. sigmoid sinus
40
watershed zones --> damage in severe hypotenesion --> (clinical manifestation)
1. upper leg/upper arm weakness | 2. defects in higher-order visual processing
41
brain is supplied by (generally)
1. internal carotid arteries (anteriorly) | 2. basilar artery (posteriorly)
42
main location of CSF return via arachnoid granulations
superior sagittal sinus
43
straight sinus is composed by
anastomosis of inferior sagital sinus AND great cerebral vein of Galen
44
anastomosis of inferior sagital sinus AND great cerebral vein of Galen -->
straight sinus
45
confluence of the sinuses (what terminals their and what starts from their)
1. straight sinus (finish) 2. superior sagittal sinus (finish) 3. occipital sinus (finish) 4. (2) transverse sinus (start)
46
confluence of the sinuses (what terminals their)
1. straight sinus 2. superior sagittal sinus 3. occipital sinus
47
confluence of the sinuses (what starts from their)
transverse sinus (start)
48
transverse sinus - fate
is becoming sigmoid sinus and then internal jugular vein
49
carvenous sinus - composed by / fate
it is composed by sphenparietal sinus superior and ophalmic vein flows into transverse sinus
50
sphenoparietal sinus - direction
it connects supperior sagital sinus with carvenous sinus
51
Homonculus?
topographic representation of motor and sensory areas in the cerebral cortex
52
Homonculus - distorted appearance is due to
certain body regions being more richly innervated and thus having increased cortical representation
53
Sigmoid sinus is going into internal jugular vein
Jugular foramen