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neurology FA > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerve nuclei - located in

A

tegmentum portion of brain stem (between dorsal and ventral portion)

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2
Q

cranial nerve nuclei in midbrain

A

CN III, CN IV (3-4)

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3
Q

cranial nerve nuclei in pons

A

CN V, CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII (5-8)

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4
Q

cranial nerve nuclei in medulla

A

CN IX, X, XII (9,10,12)

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5
Q

cranial nerve nuclei in spinal cord

A

CN XI (11)

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6
Q

sulcus limitans - anatomical function

A

seperate lateral cranial nuclei (sensory) from medial cranial nuclei (motor)

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7
Q

medial cranial nuclei - function

A

motor

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8
Q

lateral cranial nuclei - function

A

sensory

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9
Q

CN I passing through

A

many openings of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (anterior cranial fossa)

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10
Q

cranial nerves that enter into the middle cranial fossa through sphenoid bone

A

CN II - CN VI (2-6)

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11
Q

CN II enter into ….. cranial fossa via ….

A

middle cranial fossa

via optic canal

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12
Q

…. pass through optic canal

A

CN II

ophthalmic artery

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13
Q

… pass through superior orbital fissure into medial cranial fossa

A

CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers

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14
Q

superior orbital fissure - bone?

A

sphenoid bone

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15
Q

optic canal - bone?

A

sphenoid bone

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16
Q

CN V2 enter into …. via …

A

middle cranial fossa

Foramen Rotundum

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17
Q

CN V3 enter into …. via …

A

middle cranial fossa

Foramen Ovale

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18
Q

… pass through Foramen spinosum into

A

middle meningeal artery

middle cranial fossa

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19
Q

pathways to anterior middle cranial fossa through sphenoid bone and what passes through

A
  1. optic canal (CN II, ophatlmic artery, central retinal vein)
  2. superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V1, VI, ophthalmic vein, sympathetic fibers)
  3. foramen Rotundum (CN V2)
  4. foramen ovale (CN V3)
  5. foramen spinosum (middle meningeal artery)
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20
Q

cranial nerve V enter into middle cranial fossa through

A

V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen Rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

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21
Q

cranial nerves? that passes into posterior nerves through … bone

A

CN VII-XII (7-12)

temporal or occipital bone

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22
Q

….passes through internal auditory meatus

A

CN VII

CN VIII

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23
Q

….passes through jugular foramen

A

CN IX
CN X
CN XI
jugular vein

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24
Q

….passes through hyoglossal canal (area of hypoglossal canal)

A

CN XII

between foramen magnum (medial) and jugular foramen (lateral)

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25
Q

….passes through foramen magnum

A

spinal roots of CN XI
brain stem
vertebral arteries

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26
Q

pathways to posterior cranial fossa through temporal or occipital bone and what passes through

A
  1. internal auditory meatus (CN VII, VIII)
  2. Jugular foramen (CN IX, X, XI, jugular vein)
  3. hypoglossal canal (CN XII)
  4. foramen magnum (spinal roots of CN XI, brain stem, vertebral arteries
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27
Q

pathways into cranial

A
  1. cribriform plate
  2. optic canal
  3. superior orbital fissure
  4. foramen Rotundum
  5. foramen ovale
  6. foramen spinosum
    7 internal auditory meatus
  7. Jugular foramen
  8. hypoglossal canal
  9. foramen magnum
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28
Q

cranial nerves

A 
CN I – Olfactory
CN II – Optic
CN III – Oculomotor
CN IV – Trochlear
CN V – Trigeminal
CN VI – Abducens
CN VII – Facial
CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
CN X – Vagus
CN XI – Accessory
CN XII – Hypoglossal
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29
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

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30
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

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31
Q

cranial nerves - only sensory?

A

I, II, VIII

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32
Q

cranial nerves - only motor?

A

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

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33
Q

cranial nerves - BOTH sensory and motor?

A

V, VII, IX, X

34
Q

CN I - function

A

smell

35
Q

CN II - function

A

optic

36
Q

CN III - function

A
  1. eye movement
  2. pupillary constriction
  3. accommodation
  4. eyelid opening
37
Q

CN III - eye movements by

A

innervation of:

  1. superior rectus
  2. medial rectus
  3. inferior rectus
  4. inferior oblique
38
Q

CN III- eyelid opening by

A

innervation of

LEVATOR PALPEBRAE

39
Q

CN IV - function

A

eye movement

40
Q

CN IV - eye movement by

A

innervation of superior oblique

41
Q

CN V - function

A
  1. mastication
  2. facial sensation
  3. somatosensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue
42
Q

CN V - facial sensation - divisions

A
  1. ophthalmic
  2. maxillary
  3. mandibular
43
Q

CN VI - function

A

eye movement

44
Q

CN VI - eye movement by

A

innervation of lateral rectus

45
Q

CN VII - function

A
  1. facial movements
  2. taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
  3. lacrimation
  4. salivation
  5. eyelid closing
  6. stapedius muscle of the ear
46
Q

CN VII - salivation via

A

submandibular and sublingual glands

47
Q

CN VII - eyelids closing via

A

orbicularis oculi

48
Q

CN VII - ear

A

innervates stapedius muscle of the ear

49
Q

CN VII vs parotid gland

A

nerve courses through the parotid gland, but does not innervate it

50
Q

CN VIII - function

A
  1. hearing

2. balance

51
Q

CN IX - function

A
  1. taste and somatosensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue
  2. swallowing
  3. salivation
  4. monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo and baroreceptors
  5. elevates pharynx and larynx
52
Q

CN IX - salivation

A

innervates parotid gland

53
Q

CN IX - elevates pharynx and larynx

A

innervates stylopharyngeus

54
Q

CN X - function

A
  1. taste from epiglottic region
  2. swallowing
  3. soft palate elevation
  4. midline uvula
  5. talking
  6. coughing
  7. parasympathetics to thoracoabdominal viscera
  8. monitoring aortic arch body and chemo and baroreceptors
  9. tongue movement
55
Q

CN XI?

A

accessory

56
Q

CN XI - function

A

head turning

shoulder shrugging

57
Q

CN XI innervates

A
  1. sternocleidomastoid muscle

2. trapezius

58
Q

CN XII - function

A

tongue movement

59
Q

innervation of salivation

A
  1. parotid gland (IX)

2. submandibular and sublingual glands (VII)

60
Q

tongue - main muscles (and innervation)

A
  1. hyoglossus (XII)
  2. genioglossus (XII)
  3. styloglossus (XII)
  4. palatoglossus (X)
61
Q

vagal nuclei

A
  1. nucleus solitarius
  2. nucleus ambiguus
  3. dorsal motor nucleus
62
Q

nucleus solitarius - function and composed of

A

visceral sensory information (taste, baroreceptors, gut distention)
VII, IX, X

63
Q

nucleus ambiguus - function and composed of

A

motor innervation of pharynxm larynx, upper esophagus (swallowing, palate elevation)
IX, X, XI (cranial portion)

64
Q

dorsal motor nucleus - function and composed of

A 
sends autonomic (parasympathetic) fibers to heart, lung, upper GI
X
65
Q

vagal nuclei and compsed of

A
  1. nucleus solitarius - VII, IX, X
  2. nucleus ambiguus - IX, X, XI (cranial portion)
  3. dorsal motor nucleus - X
66
Q

cranial nerve reflex?

A
  1. corneal 2. lacrimation 3. jaw jerk

4. pupillary 5. Gag

67
Q

corneal nerve reflex - afferent and efferent

A

afferent - V1 opthalmic (nasociliary branch)

effernt - VII (temporal branch - orbicullaris oculi)

68
Q

Gag reflex - afferent and efferent (only CN)

A

afferent - IX

effernt - X

69
Q

pupillary reflex - afferent and efferent (only CN)

A

afferent - II

effernt - III

70
Q

Lacrimation reflex - afferent and efferent (only CN)

A

afferent - V1

effernt - VII

71
Q

loss of lacrimation reflex vs tears

A

does not preclude emotional tears

72
Q

jaw jerk reflex - afferent and efferent (only CN)

A

afferent - V3 (sensory - muscle spindle from masseter)

effernt - V3 (motor - maseter)

73
Q

CN X lesion - appearance

A

uvula deviates AWAY from side of lesion. Weak side collapses and uvula points away

74
Q

CN XII lesion - appearance

A

tongue deviates toward side of lesion (“lick your wounds”) due to weakened tongue muscles on affected side (LMN lesion)

75
Q

CN XI lesion - appearance

A

weakness turning head to contralateral side of lesion (Sternocleidomastoid muscle)
Shoulder droop on side of lesion (trapezius)

76
Q

CN V motor lesion - appearance

A

jaw deviates TORWARD side of lesion due to unopposed force from the opposite pterygoid muscle

77
Q

cranial nerve without thalamic relaty to cortex

A

oflactory

78
Q

vagal nuclei that sends autonomic fibers to heart, lung, upper GI

A

dorsal motor nucleus

79
Q

jaw jerk - muscle?

A

masseter

80
Q

V lesion - jaw deviates toward the site of lesion due to (muscle)

A

opposite pterygoid muscle

81
Q

gag reflex is depressed by

A

opioids

neurology FA (31 decks)

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