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neurology FA > effects of strokes > Flashcards

effects of strokes Flashcards

1
Q

areas of stroke are divided to

A
  1. anterior circulation

2. posterior circulation

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2
Q

strokes - anterior circulation - arteries

A
  1. middle cerebral artery
  2. anterior cerebral artery
  3. lenticulo-striate artery
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3
Q

stroke on middle cerebral artery - area of lesion

A

motor cortex - upper limb and face
sensory cortex - upper limb and face
termpal lobe - wernicke area
frontal lobe - broca area

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4
Q

stroke on middle cerebral artery - motor cortex - symptoms

A

contralateral paralyisis of upper limb and face

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5
Q

stroke on middle cerebral artery - sensory cortex - symptoms

A

contralateral loss of sensation upper limb and face

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6
Q

stroke on middle cerebral artery - temporal/frontal cortex - symptoms

A

if in dominant –> aphasia

if non dominant –> hemineglect

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7
Q

stroke on anterior cerebral artery - area of lesion

A

motor cortex - lower limb

sensory cortex - lower limb

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8
Q

stroke on anterior cerebral artery - motor cortex - symptoms

A

contralateral paralyisis of the lower limb

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9
Q

stroke on anterior cerebral artery - sensory cortex - symptoms

A

contralateral loss of senseation of lower limb

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10
Q

stroke on lenticulo-striate artery - area of lesion

A
  1. striatum

2. internal capsule

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11
Q

stroke on lenticulo-striate artery - symptoms

A

Contralateral hemiparesis/hemiplegia (face + body)

absence of cortical signs. eg. neglect, aphasia, visual field loss

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12
Q

a common cause of stroke on lenticulo-striate artery - and why

A

2ry to unmanaged hypertension because is a common location of lacunar infarcts

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13
Q

strokes - posterior circulation - arteries

A
  1. anterior spinal artery
  2. posterior inferior cerebellar artery
  3. anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  4. posterior cerebral artery
  5. basilar artery
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14
Q

stroke of anterior spinal artery - area of lesion and symptoms

A
  1. lateral corticospinal tract - contralateral hemiparesis (upper and lower limbs)
  2. medial lemniscus - decreased contralateral proprioception
  3. Caudal medulla/hypoglossal nerve - ipsilateral hypoglossal dysfunction (tongue deviates ipsilaterally)
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15
Q

stroke of anterior spinal artery is commonly ….

A

bilateral

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16
Q

medial medullary syndrome is caused by

A

infarct of paramedian branches of anterior spinal artery and vertebral arteries

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17
Q

stroke of posterior inferior cerebellar artery - area of lesion

A 
lateral medulla (Lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome): 1. vestibular nuclei 2. lateral spinothalamic tract  3. spinal trigeminal nucleus  4.  nucleus ambiguus (vagus) (μεικτός), 5. sympathetic fibers 
 6. inferior cerebellar peduncle
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18
Q

stroke of posterior inferior cerebellar artery - symptoms

A

vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, decreased pain and Q sensation from ipsilateral face and contralateral body, dysphagia, hoarness, decreased gag reflex, ipsilateral Horner, ataxia, dysmetria

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19
Q

Lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome (specific involvement)

A

POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY SYNDROME (STROKE)

nucleus ambiguus effects are specific

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20
Q

stroke of posterior cerebral artery - area of lesion

A

occipital cortex

visual cortex

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21
Q

stroke of posterior cerebral artery - symptoms

A

contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing

22
Q

stroke of basilar artery - area of lesion (areas and structures)

A
  1. pons, medulla, lower midbrain,
  2. corticospinal and corticobulbar (UMN)
  3. ocular cranial nerve nuclei
  4. paramedian pontine reticular formation
23
Q

stroke of basilar artery - symptoms

A

locked-in syndrome :

  1. preserved consciousness, blinking + vertical eye movement
  2. quadriplegia
  3. loss of voluntary facial, mounth and tongue movemetns
24
Q

stroke of anterior inferior cerebellar artery - area of lesion

A

lateral pons: (LATERAL PONTINE SYNDROME)

  • cranial nerve nuclei (vestibular, facal, spinal trigeminal, cochlear,)
  • sympthathetic fibers
  • middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles
  • lateral spinothalamic tract
  • corticospinal tract
25
Q

stroke of anterior inferior cerebellar artery - symptoms

A

LATERAL PONTINE SYNDROME

  • vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus
  • face paralysis, decreased lacrimation and salivation, decreased taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
  • ipsilateral decreased pain and Q of the face and contralateral of the body
  • ataxia dysmetria
26
Q

lateral pontine syndrome - specific lesion

A

facial nucleus

27
Q

lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome - artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar

28
Q

posterior communicating artery - lesion

A

saccular aneurysm

not strokes

29
Q

posterior communicating artery aneurysm - symptoms

A

CNS III palsy –> eye is down and out with ptosis and mydriasis

30
Q

anterior communicating arteries - lesion

A

most commonly saccular aneurysm (berry) that can impinge cranial nerves. It can lead to stroke

31
Q

anterior communicating arteries - symptoms

A
  • visual field defects (bitemporal hemianopia)
  • visual acuity defecits
  • Rupture –> ischemia in ACA distribution –> contralateral lower extremity hemiparesis, sensory deficits
32
Q

central post-stroke pain syndrome - definition

A

Neuropathic pain due to thalamic lesions

33
Q

central post-stroke pain syndrome - course

A

initial paresthesias followed in weeks to months by allodynia and dysesthesia

34
Q

central post-stroke pain syndrome - occurs in

A

10% of stroke patient

35
Q

10% of stroke patient can experience …

A

central post-stroke pain syndrome -

36
Q

allodynia

A

ordinarily painless stimuli cause pain

37
Q

dysesthesia

A

abnormal unpleasant sensation felt when touched

38
Q

paresis vs plegia

A

paresis –> weakness

plegia –> paralysis

39
Q

common locations of lacunar infarcts

A
  1. basal ganglia
  2. internal capsule
  3. thalamus
  4. pons
    (Oxford handbook)
40
Q

stoke - dysphagia and hoarseness - artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

41
Q

stroke - paralysis of face and loss of lacrimation - artery

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

42
Q

cause of medial medullary syndrome

A

infarct of paramedian branches of anterior spinal artery and vertebrate arteries

43
Q

cause of lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome

A

infarct of posterior inferior cerebral artery

44
Q

cause of lateral pontine syndrome

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

45
Q

stroke - contralateral hemianopia with macular sparing - artery

A

posterior cerebral artery

46
Q

Lateral medullar (Wallenberg) syndrome - specific lesion

A

Nucleus ambiguus

47
Q

stroke - locked-in syndrome - artery

A

Basilar artery

48
Q

CN III palsy by sacular aneyrism - artery

A

posterior communicating artery

49
Q

most common lesion of anterior communicating artery

A

aneurysm

50
Q

lesions of posterior communicating artery

A

Lesions are typically aneyrisms (CN III paralysis)

NOT STROKES

neurology FA (31 decks)

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