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neurology FA > Herniation syndromes / ventral and dorsal view of brain stem > Flashcards

Herniation syndromes / ventral and dorsal view of brain stem Flashcards

1
Q

Herniation syndromes - types

A
  1. Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
  2. Downward transtentorial (central) herniation
  3. Uncal herniation
  4. cererbellar tosilar herniation into the foramen magnum
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2
Q

cingulate is a part of / AKA

A
  • limbic cortex

- aka subfalcine

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3
Q

Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation can cause

A

compression of anterior cerebral artery

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4
Q

Downward transtentorial (central) herniation –> … (mechanism and complication)

A

caudal displacement of brain stem –> rupture of paramedian basilar artery branches –> duret hemorrhages –> usually fatal

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5
Q

Duret haemorrhages are

A

small lineal areas of bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons of the brainstem.

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6
Q

Downward transtentorial (central) herniation - course

A

usually fatal

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7
Q

Uncus =

A

medial temporal lobe

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8
Q

Uncal herniation - manifestations and mechanism

A
  1. compress ipsilateral CN III (blown pupil, down-and-out gaze)
  2. compress ispilateral PCA (contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing)
  3. compress contralateral crus cerebri at tha Kernohan notch (ipsilateral paresis, a false localization sign)
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9
Q

Herniation syndromes - types

A
  1. Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
  2. Downward transtentorial (central) herniation
  3. Uncal herniation
  4. cererbellar tosilar herniation into the foramen magnum
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10
Q

crus cerebri

A

anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts

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11
Q

cererbellar tosilar herniation into the foramen magnum - manifestation and mechanism

A

coma and death result when these herniations compress the brain stem

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12
Q

Herniation syndromes - types

A
  1. Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
  2. Downward transtentorial (central) herniation
  3. Uncal herniation
  4. cererbellar tosilar herniation into the foramen magnum
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13
Q

Herniation syndromes - compresses ACA

A

Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri

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14
Q

Herniation syndromes - compresses CN III

A

Uncal herniation

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15
Q

uncal hernation can compress

A
  1. compress ipsilateral CN III
  2. compress ispilateral PCA
  3. contralateral crus cerebri at tha Kernohan notch
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16
Q

Herniation syndromes - duret hemmorhages

A

Downward transtentorial (central) herniation

17
Q

CN nuclei that ilie mediallly at brain stem

A

III, IV, VI, XII

18
Q

Infundibulum?

A

alternative names for the pituitary stalk, the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary.

19
Q

anterior perforated substance is a

A

irregularly quadrilateral area in front of the optic tract and behind the olfactory trigone

20
Q

CN IV special characteristic

A

arises dorsally and immediately decussates

21
Q

nerves that start from the same level - from medial to lateral

A

VI-VII-VIII

22
Q

pineal gland - is responsible for

A

melatonin secretion –> circadian rhythms

23
Q

area of superior and inferior culliculi

A

just below the pineal gland

24
Q

inferior culliculi - function

A

auditory

25
Q

inferior culliculi - output

A

thalamus/medial geniculate nucleus

26
Q

superior culliculi - function

A

conjugate vertical gaze

27
Q

Parinaud syndrome (manifestations, due to)

A

paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi

28
Q

clinical manifestation of Parunaud syndrome

A

paralysis of conjugate vertical gaze

29
Q

Parinaud syndrome - due to … (and examples)

A

lesion in superior colliculi (examples: stroke, hydrocephalus, pinealoma)

30
Q

Herniation syndromes - types

A
  1. Cingulate (subfalcine) herniation under falx cerebri
  2. Downward transtentorial (central) herniation
  3. Uncal herniation
  4. cererbellar tosilar herniation into the foramen magnum
31
Q

superior vs inferior colliculi according to function

A

superior colliculi –> conjugate vertical gaze

inferior colliculi –> auditory

neurology FA (31 decks)

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