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neurology FA > Cerebellum - thalamus > Flashcards

Cerebellum - thalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebellum - function

A
  1. modulates movement

2. aids in coordination and balance

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2
Q

Cerebellum - input (and the pathway)

A
  1. contralateral cortex via middle cerebellar peduncle

2. Ipsilateral proprioceptive information via inferior cerebellar peduncle from spinal cord

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3
Q

Cerebellum - input from contralateral cortex via

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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4
Q

Cerebellum - input from spinal cord via

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle (ipsilateral proprioceptive information)

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5
Q

Cerebellum - output (via, and puprose)

A

send information to contralateral cortex to modulate movement (via superior cerebellar peduncle)

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6
Q

Cerebellum - output nerves

A

Purkinje cells –> deep nuclei of cerebellum –> contralateral cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle

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7
Q

Cerebellum - deep nuclei

A

from lateral to medial

Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial

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8
Q

Cerebellum - Lateral - function

A

voluntary movement of extremities

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9
Q

Cerebellum - Lateral injured –>

A

propensity to fall toward injured (ipsilateral side)

intention tremor

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10
Q

Cerebellum - medial structures

A

midline structures (vermal cortex, fastigial nuclei) and flocculonodular lobe

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11
Q

flocculonodular lobe is AKA

A

vestibulocerebellum

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12
Q

Cerebellum - medial structures lesions –>

A
  1. truncal ataxia (wide-based cerebellar gait )
  2. nystagmus
  3. head tilting
  4. dysarthria
    (bilateral motor deficits affecting axial and proximal limb musculature)
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13
Q

flocculonodular lobe - anatomy

A

is a lobe of the cerebellum consisting of the nodule and the flocculus. The two flocculi are connected to the midline structure called the nodulus by thin pedicles. It is placed on the anteroinferior surface of cerebellum.

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14
Q

Thalamus - anatomical function

A

Major relay for all ascending sensory information except olfaction

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15
Q

All ascending sensory inforamations passes through thalamus except

A

oflaction

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16
Q

Thalamus - most important nuclei

A 
ventral posteriolateral  (VPL)
vental posteriomedial (VPM)
lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)
ventral lateral (VL)
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17
Q

ventral posteriolateral (VPL) - input

A
  1. spinothalamic and 2. dorsal columns/medial lemniscus
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18
Q

ventral posteriolateral (VPL) - destination

A

1ry somatosensory cortex

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19
Q

ventral posteriolateral (VPL) - informations

A

Pain, temperature, pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception

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20
Q

vental posteriomedial (VPM) - output

A

1ry somatosensory cortex

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21
Q

vental posteriomedial (VPM) - input

A

trigeminal and gustatory pathways

22
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) - informations

A

vision

23
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) - input

A

CN II (optic nerve)

24
Q

lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) - output

A

calcarine sulcus

25
Q

ventral lateral (VL) - input

A
  1. Basal ganglia

2. Cerebellum

26
Q

ventral lateral (VL) - informations

A

motor

27
Q

ventral lateral (VL) - output

A

Motor cortex

28
Q

medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) - informations

A

hearing

29
Q

medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) - output

A

auditory cortex of temporal lobe

30
Q

medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) - input

A

superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

31
Q

trigeminal pathway to thalamus - nuclei?

A

VPM

32
Q

motor informations from cerebellum to thalamus - nuclei

A

VL

33
Q

suclus of vision

A

Calcarine sulcus

34
Q

thalamic nuclei that send informations to 1ry somatosensory cortex (and informations)

A

VPL - Pain, temperature, pressure, touch, vibration, proprioception
VPM - trigeminal and gustatory pathways

35
Q

medial lesion of cerebellum - gait

A

wided based cerebellar gait

36
Q

cerebellum lesion - manifestation (for every area)

A
  • Lateral injured –> propensity to fall toward injured (ipsilateral side), intention tremor
  • medial lesion –> truncal ataxia (wide-based cerebellar gait ), nystagmus, head tilting, dysarthria
37
Q

cerebellum lesion - generally midline lesions –> …

A

bilateral motor deficits affecting axial and proximal limb musculature

38
Q

from cochlear nucleus to thalamus

A

superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

39
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - types

A
  1. Mesocortical
  2. Mesolimbic
  3. Nigrostriatal
  4. Tuberoinfundibular
40
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - commonly altered by

A
  1. drugs (eg. antipsychotics)

2. movement disorders (eg. Parkinson)

41
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - types

A
  1. Mesocortical
  2. Mesolimbic
  3. Nigrostriatal
  4. Tuberoinfundibular
42
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - in which pathway the antipsychotic drugs have limited effect

A

Mesocortical

43
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - which pathway is the primary therapeutic target of antipsychotic drugs

A

Mesolimbic –> decreased positive symptoms (eg. in schizophrenia)

44
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - which is the MAJOR dopaminergic pathway of the brain

A

Nigrostriatial

45
Q

Nigrostriatial is significantly affected by

A
  1. movement disorders

2. antipsychotic drugs

46
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - mescortical - symptoms of altered activity

A

negative symptoms (eg. flat affect, limited speech)

47
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - Mesolimbic - symptoms of altered activity

A 
positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) 
(IF INCREASED ACTIVITY)
48
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - Nigrostriatal - symptoms of altered activity

A

extrapyramidal symptoms (tardive dyskenisia,akathisia, parkinsonism, dystonia)

49
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - Tuberoinfundibular - symptoms of altered activity

A

increased prolactin –> decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, galactorrhea, gynecomastia (in men)

50
Q

Dopaminergic pathways - types and symptoms of altered activity

A
  1. Mesocortical –> negative symptoms (eg. flat affect, limited speech)
  2. Mesolimbic –> positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) (IF INCREASED ACTIVITY)
  3. Nigrostriatal –> extrapyramidal symptoms (tardive dyskenisia,akathisia, parkinsonism, dystonia)
  4. Tuberoinfundibular –> increased prolactin –> decreased libido, sexual dysfunction, galactorrhea, gynecomastia (in men)

neurology FA (31 decks)

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