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nbce sample questions and important info > spinal anatomy sample questions > Flashcards

spinal anatomy sample questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure develops from the first pharyngeal arch?

a. stylopharyngeus muscle
b. tensor tympanic muscle
c. temporal bone
d. hyoid bone

A

b. tensor tympanic muscle

muscle within the ear above the auditory tube; dampens sounds

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2
Q

which muscle inserts into the fibrocartilaginous disc of the temporomandibular joint?

a. masseter
b. lateral pterygoid
c. medial pterygoid
d. temporalis

A

b. lateral pterygoid

the superior head inserts into the disc of the TMJ joint
the inferior head inserts onto the neck of the condyloid process of the mandible

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3
Q

Fibers of the trapezius muscle insert onto the _____

a. lateral surface of the mastoid
b. transverse process of cervical vertebrae
c. inferior angle of the scapula
d. lateral third of the clavicle

A

d. lateral third of the clavicle

the superior fibers insert into the lateral 3rd of the clavicle

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4
Q

the anterior belly of the digastric muscle receives motor supply from the ____ nerve.

a. nasopalatine
b. mylohyoid
c. hypoglossal
d. accessory

A

b. mylohyoid

anterior belly is supplied by the trigeminal via the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. It originates from the first pharyngeal arch.

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5
Q

which muscle originates on the angles of the lower 6 ribs and inserts on the angles of the upper 6 ribs?

a. semispinalis thoracis
b. iliocostalis thoracis
c. longissimus thoracis
d. spinalis thoracis

A

b. iliocostalis thoracis

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6
Q

which of these thoracic wall muscles is not innervated by the intercostal nerve?

a. subcostal
b. levator costarum
c. internal intercostal
d. external intercostal

A

b. levator costarum

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7
Q

the diaphragm is derived from the myotomes of which vertebral segments?

a. C3-C5
b. C6-7
c. T1-T3
d. T9-T10

A

a. C3-C5

because the phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, the earliest development originates from C3-C5

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8
Q

The atlanto-axial joint is a ______ joint.

a. ellipsoidal
b. pivot
c. condyloid
d. sellar

A

b. pivot

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9
Q

The acromioclavicular joint is a _____ joint.

a. bicondylar
b. saddle
c. hinge
d. plane

A

d. plane

plane/ gliding joint

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10
Q

The interspinous ligaments are thickest in which region of the spine?

a. cervical
b. thoracic
c. lumbar
d. sacral

A

c. lumbar

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11
Q

which ligament covers the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?

a. anterior longitudinal
b. flaval
c. iliolumbar
d. posterior sacroiliac

A

d. posterior sacroiliac ligament

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12
Q

Calcification of the ____ forms a posterior ponticle.

a. dentate ligament
b. transforaminal ligament
c. posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
d. anterior atlanto-occipital ligament

A

c. posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

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13
Q

What maintains the normal thoracic curve?

a. superior articular facet
b. slightly wedge-shaped vertebral bodies
c. inferior articular facet orientation
d. angulation of spinous processes

A

b. slightly wedge-shaped vertebral bodies?

I am not 100% on this one

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14
Q

the normal coupled motion of the midcervical vertebrae is lateral flexion with ____ of the vertebral bodies.

a. ipsilateral rotation
b. flexion
c. extension
d. contralateral flexion

A

a. ipsilateral rotation

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15
Q

The foramen rotundum connects the middle cranial fossa with the _____.

a. orbital cavity
b. infratemporal fossa
c. temporal fossa
d. pterygopalatine fossa

A

d. pterygopalatine fossa

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16
Q

The transverse ridges of the sacrum are remnants of _____.

a. transverse processes
b. intervertebral discs
c. vertebral bodies
d. spinous processes

A

b. intervertebral discs

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17
Q

The accessory processes of the lumbar vertebrae are located on the _______.

a. transverse process
b. pars
c. pedicle
d. lamina

A

a. transverse process

18
Q

The external occipital protuberance is located _____.

a. centrally within the superior nuchal line
b. centrally within the inferior nuchal line
c. at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures
d. at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures

A

a. centrally within the superior nuchal line

19
Q

Which of these traverses a groove on the first rib?

a. phrenic nerve
b. vagus nerve
c. subclavian artery
d. vertebral artery

A

c. subclavian artery

20
Q

The inferior facets of the lumbar vertebrae are oriented ____ and ____.

a. inferior; medial
b. medial; posterior
c. anterior; lateral
d. anterior; medial

A

c. anterior; lateral

21
Q

efferent projections of the caudate nucleus and putamen pass primarily to the ______.

a. globus pallidus
b. thalamus
c. substantia nigra
d. hypothalamus

A

a. globus pallidus

but also some to substantia nigra; best answer is globus pallidus

these nuclei receive afferent nerve fibers from virtually all portions of the cerebral cortex, but especially from the premotor areas

22
Q

Which gyrus contains Broca area?

a. superior occipital
b. inferior occipital
c. superior temporal
d. inferior frontal

A

d. inferior frontal

23
Q

A lesion in the lateral funiculus that affects the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts is most likely to result in signs consistent with a _____ lesion.

a. vestibular system
b. upper motor neuron
c. corpus striatum
d. lower motor neuron

A

b. upper motor neuron

24
Q

Which tract terminates in the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord?

a. ventral spinocerebellar
b. rubrospinal
c. vestubulospinal
d. lateral corticospinal

A

b. rubrospinal

also tectospinal terminates in the upper 4 cervical cord levels

25
Q

Which artery is a continuation of the internal carotid artery?

a. inferior cerebellar
b. basilar
c. middle cerebral
d. posterior cerebral

A

c. middle cerebral

26
Q

Which of these connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

a. lateral aperture
b. interventricular foramen
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. median aperture

A

c. cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

27
Q

the notochord is derived from the embryonic _____.

a. endoderm
b. scleroderm
c. ectoderm
d. mesoderm

A

c. ectoderm

28
Q

the pathway which link gyri are made up of ____ fibers.

a. uncinate
b. association
c. commissural
d. projection

A

b. association

29
Q

A lesion of which nerve root will most likely result in an inability of the patient to extend the great toe?

a. L2
b. L3
c. L5
d. S1

A

C. L5

30
Q

The zygapophyseal joints are innervated by the _____.

a. ventral primary rami
b. dorsal primary rami
c. gray rami communicans
d. white rami communicans

A

b. dorsal primary rami

zygapophyseal= facet joint

31
Q

The obturator nerve contains fibers from which nerve roots?

a. L1
b. L2-L4
c. L5-S1
d. S1 only

A

b. L2-L4

L1= iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

32
Q

Which nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

a. phrenic
b. vagus
c. glossopharyngeal
d. facial

A

b. vagus

all intrinsic muscles of larynx are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus EXCEPT cricothyroid which is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus)

33
Q

Which muscle is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

a. styloglossus
b. masseter
c. anterior digastric
d. palatoglossus

A

a. styloglossus

also genioglossus and hyoglossus

palatoglossus= vagus
masseter and anterior digastric= trigeminal

34
Q

the geniculate ganglion is the sensory ganglion of the _____ nerve.

a. facial
b. vagus
c. hypoglossal
d. glossopharyngeal

A

a. facial

sensory for taste

greater petrosal nerve motor fibers emerge from this ganglion

the geniculate ganglion sends fibers that will innervate the lacrimal glands, submandibular glands, sublingual glands, tongue, palate, pharynx, external auditory meatus, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, stylohyoid muscle, and muscles of facial expression.

35
Q

which splanchnic nerve transmits sympathetic innervation to the stomach?

a. pelvic
b. lumbar
c. lowest
d. greater

A

d. greater

greater thoracic splanchnic nerves innervate the stomach

36
Q

Cutaneous sensation to the lateral aspect of the arm over the deltoid is supplied by which nerve root?

a. C3
b. C5
c. C7
d. C8

A

b. C5

37
Q

which of these dermatomes is located on the lateral aspect of the foot?

a. L3
b. L4
c. L5
d. S1

A

d. S1

S1 dermatome= back of knee, posterior leg, bottom of foot, lateral side of foot, lateral ankle

38
Q

bundles of nerve fibers are surrounded by the ____.

a. perimysium
b. endoneurium
c. perineurium
d. epimysium

A

c. perineurium

each axon is surrounded by endoneurium, a bundle of fiber called fascicles is surrounded by perineurium and the entire nerve is surrounded by epineurium

39
Q

what structure drains aqueous humor from the eye?

a. anterior chamber
b. ciliary process
c. ora serrata
d. canal of schlem

A

a. anterior chamber

Aqueous humor is secreted into the posterior chamber by the ciliary body, through the pupil into the anterior chamber where it drains from the eye via trabecular meshwork

40
Q

the osseous labyrinth of the ear consists of the cochlea, semicircular canals and the _____.

a. stapedius
b. tympanic membrane
c. vestibule
d. internal acoustic meatus

A

c. vestibule

osseous labyrinth= bony labyrinth; bony outer wall in the inner ear of the temporal bone

41
Q

the cell bodies of the gustatory fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue are located in the ___ ganglion.

a. pterygopalatine
b. dorsal root
c. geniculate
d. superior vagal

A

c. geniculate

42
Q

which of these structures produces aqueous humor?

a. ciliary epithelium
b. ependymal cells
c. choroid plexus
d. macula lutea

A

a. ciliary epithelium

nbce sample questions and important info (27 decks)

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